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Öğe Avrasya Su Samuru, Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758)'nın Türkiye'deki Yayılış Kayıtları(2016) Toyran, Kubilay; Albayrak, İrfanMemeli sınıfının Carnivora takımına ait Lutra cinsi dünyada 13 türle temsil edilmektedir. Bu türlerden Avrasya su samuru (Lutra lutra) Palearktik bölgede geniş bir yayılış alanına sahiptir. Avrasya su samurunun Türkiye'deki durumu ile ilgili yapılan ilk üç sempozyumun sonucuna göre Lutra lutra'nın Türkiye'nin her yerinde yayılış gösterdiği belirlenmiştir. Lutra lutra dere, çay, nehir, göl ve akarsuların denize döküldüğü yerlerde kaydedilmiştir. Yapılan dışkı analizlerine göre Avrasya su samurunun yayılış gösterdiği bölgelerde besin tercih oranlarının değişmesine karşın, genel olarak başta balık olmak üzere midye, tatlı su yengeci ve kerevit gibi omurgasız hayvanlar ile iki yaşamlı, sürüngen, küçük yapılı kuş ve memeli gibi omurgalı türlerini besin olarak tercih etmektedir. Su samurunu tehdit eden başlıca faktörler arasında yaşam alanının tahrip edilmesi, araç çarpması, çevre kirliliği, pestisit, çiftlik sahipleri tarafından balık havuzlarını koruma amaçlı öldürme ve kısmen avcılık gelmektedir. Lutra lutra'nın uluslararası koruma statüsü 2000'li yılların başında IUCN kriterlerine göre "Vulnerable" iken, 2004'den bu yana "Near Threatened" olarak değişmiştir. Türkiye'de de bu tür "Near Threatened" kategorisinde yer almaktadır. Türkiye'nin değişik bölgelerinde rastlanan su samuruna yönelik tehditlerin boyutlarına göre koruma önlemleri alınabilir. Bunun için su samurunun yaşam alanlarının ve ekolojik tercihlerinin tam olarak bilinmesi gerekmektedirÖğe Bats in Southeastern Turkey (Mammalia: Chiroptera)(2020) Yorulmaz, Tarkan; Toyran, Kubilay; Albayrak, İrfanSoutheastern Turkey is an important geographical region where the bat species spreading especially in Arabian Peninsula, North Africa and the Middle East enter in Turkey and have an intense population. The aim of this study was to identify the bat species in this region, which has glacial mountains, arid steppes, river valleys and vast plains. As a result of the field studies conducted between 2004 and 2017, totally 15 species belonging to Emballonuridae, Rhinolophidae, Vespertilionidae and Molossidae families of Microchiroptera suborder were identified in the study area. The habitat characteristics of the species and their locality records were presented. In this study, Myotis nattererii, M. aurescens, and Rhinolophus mehelyi were firstly recorded in the study area. Also, two new locations were determined for Taphozous nudiventris known from one location in Turkey up to the present.Öğe C- and NOR stained karyotypes of mole rat, Nannospalax xanthodon (2n = 54) from Kırıkkale, Turkey(2011) Arslan, Atilla; Toyran, Kubilay; Gözütok, Serdar; Yorulmaz, TarkanBu çalışmada, Kırıkkale’deki Nannospalax xanthodon üsttürüne ait kör farelerin 2n = 54 kromozomal formu araştırıldı. Kör fare örnekleri üzerine standart kromozom boyama, Ag-NOR (Nükleolar Organizatör Bölge) boyama ve C-bantlama analizi uygulandı. Karyotip üç çift metasentrik (no. 1-3), üç çift submetasentrik (no. 4-6), üç çift subtelosentrik (no. 7-9) ve onyedi çift akrosentrik (no. 10-26) kromozom içerir (NFa = 70). C-heterokromatin bölgeler bazı iki kollu otozomal çiftlerin sentromerik, perisentromerik ve kısa kollarında bulundu ve C-heterokromatin birkaç akrosentrik kromozomun perisentromerik bölgesinde lokalize olmuştu. X kromozom sentromerik bir C-pozitif banda sahiptir ve Y kromozomunun tek tip ve C-negatif boyandığı ortaya çıktı. NOR’lar çalışılan bütün örneklerde dört çift (no. 4, 5, 8, 9) iki kollu otozomların kısa kollarının heterokromatin bölgelerinde lokalize olmuştur.Öğe C- heterochromatin and Ag-NOR banding patterns of Allactaga williamsi Thomas, 1897 (Rodentia: Dipodidae) in Central Anatolia(Univ Oradea Publ House, 2010) Asan, Nursel; Toyran, Kubilay; Albayrak, İrfanIn this study, the conventionally stained karyotype along with C- and Ag-NOR banding karyotypes of Allactaga williamsi (Williams' jerboa) from Central Anatolia were examined. The species had a karyotype of 2n=48, NF= 95 in males and 96 in females, NFa=92. C-heterochromatin was observed in 18 biarmed pairs and in the Y chromosome. The nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) were located at the telomeric region of 3 autosomes.Öğe C-banded karyotype and NORs of the long-eared hedgehog, Hemiechinus auritus from Turkey(Inst Vertebrate Biology As Cr, 2009) Arslan, Atilla; Albayrak, İrfan; Pamukoğlu, Nahit; Yorulmaz, Tarkan; Toyran, KubilayThe karyotype, C-banding, and nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) of six specimens of Hemiechinus auritus from Turkey were examined. The diploid number of chromosomes was 2n = 48, the fundamental number of chromosome arms FN = 96, and the number of autosomal arms FNa = 92. Most of the chromosomes possessed centromeric constitutive heterochromatin, except of the pairs nos. 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12. and 17. The X and Y chromosomes appeared to be euchromatic. and possible geographic variation in their morphology was indicated in comparison with Previously published data. The NORs were located in the terminal regions of the long arms of four metacentric or submetacentric chromosomes. The localization of the NORs was not associated with C-positive autosomal regions as in hedgehogs of the genus Erinaceus.Öğe C-banding and Ag-NOR distribution patterns in Euphrates jerboa, Allactaga euphratica (Mammalia: Rodentia), from Turkey(Walter De Gruyter & Co, 2012) Arslan, Atilla; Yorulmaz, Tarkan; Toyran, Kubilay; Albayrak, Irfan; Zima, JanA chromosomal study of Allactaga euphratica from the Sanliurfa Province in Southeast Anatolia, Turkey, was performed. The diploid number of 48 chromosomes was found in all four specimens examined. The C-band-positive regions were distributed in centromeric areas of all the autosomal pairs and the X chromosome. Extensive C-positive heterochromatin intercalary blocks were observed in the largest pair of autosomes. The small Y chromosome was stained uniformly and C-negatively. The active nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) were localized in two pairs of small bi-armed autosomes. The C-heterochromatin distribution and localization of the secondary constrictions bearing NORs apparently differ between karyotypes of the related jerboa species A. euphratica and Allactaga williamsi. This cytogenetic difference may be implied as a suitable marker in further studies of the relationships in contact zones and possible hybridization between these two taxa.Öğe C-heterochromatin variation and NOR distribution in the karyotype of water vole, Arvicola terrestris (Mammalia, Rodentia)(Firenze Univ Press, 2011) Arslan, Atilla; Yorulmaz, Tarkan; Toyran, Kubilay; Gozutok, Serdar; Zima, JanA chromosomal study of populations of Arvicola terrestris from Anatolia in Turkey and from Central Europe was performed. The diploid number of 36 chromosomes was found in all the specimens examined. The autosomal complement consisted of 12 meta- and submetacentric pairs, two large or medium-sized subtelocentric pairs, and three small acrocentric (Turkey) or subtelocentric (Central Europe) pairs (FNa = 62-68). The X chromosome was medium-sized submetacentric, the Y chromosome was small acrocentric or subtelocentric. All the chromosomes could be reliably identified by their unique G-banding patterns. The C-banding analysis revealed variation in the amount of constitutive heterochromatin in centromeric regions and in short arms of certain autosomes. A unique feature of the C-banded karyotype of individuals from Anatolia was the absence of dark positive regions in most chromosomes. Populations of water vole from Anatolia resemble in their C-band pattern those studied previously in Azerbaijan, and possibly also in the Balkan peninsula, and they are different in this respect from populations in Central Europe and the other parts of the species range. The X chromosome was stained uniformly and C-negatively in populations from Anatolia, whereas a faint dark centromeric C-band was observed in individuals from Central Europe. The Y chromosome was stained C-positively. The active nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) were localized in one pair of small metacentric and two acrocentric autosome pairs in the karyotype of individuals from Anatolia.Öğe Chromosome Banding Pattern in Fat Dormouse and Bank Vole (Mammalia: Rodentia) from Turkey(Polish Acad Sciences, Inst Systematics Evolution Animals, 2013) Arslan, Atilla; Zima, Jan; Yorulmaz, Tarkan; Gozutok, Serdar; Toyran, KubilayARSLAN A., ZIMA J., YORULMAZ T., GOZUTOK S., TOYRAN K. 2013. Chromosome banding pattern in fat dormouse and bank vole (Mammalia: Rodentia) from Turkey. Folia Biologica (Krakow) 61: 47-51. The chromosome banding pattern (C-banding, AgNOR staining) was studied in isolated populations of two species of rodents from Turkey, Glis glis and Myodes glareolus. A single nucleolar organizer region was localized in an autosomal pair in the complement of G. glis. Centromeric C-heterochromatin blocks and seven pairs of NOR-bearing autosomes were observed in the complement of M glareolus. A metacentric Y chromosome was found in the M glareolus males examined. The detailed structure of karyotypes and the banding patterns differ from some previously published results.Öğe Determination of the chemical composition in the kapulukaya reservoir sediment by using the pedxrf method(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2011) Basaran, Gokben; Tuzun, Ilhami; Toyran, Kubilay; Kadioglu, Yusuf KaganIn this study a multi-element analysis was conducted on the contents of the sediments found at three different sites in the Kapulukaya Dam Lake between May 2007 and November 2007. The elemental analysis of the sediment samples was carried out by using the technique of Polarized Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence (PEDXRF). Of twenty three elements, Cr, Ni, Hg demonstrated high levels of contamination at all sites and As at site 3 according to the criteria set for threshold effect concentrations and probable effect concentrations. The accuracy and precision of the technique employed for conducting the chemical analysis were demonstrated by analyzing the G01-GSD-09 sediment and the K04-NIST-2704 river sediment. Measured concentrations reached at average of 92.7 % and 89.9 % accuracy on the standards used, respectively. The present investigation revealed the effectiveness of this technique in analyzing the sediment content.Öğe Distribution And Ecology Of Lutra Lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) In Kizilirmak River (Turkey)(Pakistan Agricultural Scientists Forum, 2019) Toyran, Kubilay; Albayrak, İrfanThis study was conducted in an about 130-km section of Kizilirmak River located between Hirfanli Dam and border of Kalecik district between February 2005 and August 2009. Footprints and feces of otter were identified and direct observations were made in order to determine its activity areas (including 7 localities). As a result of analysis of 233 fecal samples of otter, preys in its diet were divided into 5 categories as invertebrates, fish, bird, mammal, and unidentified pieces. It was determined that 69.91% of the diet were fish, 18.80% were invertebrate, 4.39% were bird, 4.39% were mammal, and 2.51% were unidentified remains. Habitat characteristics were recorded and habitat quality was calculated for Lutra lutra. Behaviors of Eurasian otter individuals determined as a result of the direct observation were recorded and photos were taken.Öğe Karyotypes of three gerbil species of the genera Tatera and Gerbilliscus from Turkey and Senegal(Univ Oradea Publ House, 2013) Arslan, Atilla; Zima, Jan; Koubinova, Darina; Yorulmaz, Tarkan; Toyran, Kubilay; Gozutok, SerdarIn this study, we examined karyotypes of three gerbil species of the genera Tatera add Gerbilliscus. The diploid number of 68 chromosomes was confirmed in all specimens of Tatera indica examined from southeastern Anatolia in Turkey. The C-band positive regions were distributed in centromeris areas of all the autosomal pairs and the X chromosome. The Y chromosome was stained uniformly and C-positively. The active NORs were localind in three out of eight pairs of biarmed autosomes (NF=86). Conventionally stained karyotypes were studied in two species of Gerbilliscus from Senegal, western Africa. The female karyotype of G. gambianus contained 52 chromosomes including one large subtelocentric, six submetacentric and 19 acrocentric pairs (NF=66). The female karyotype of G. guineae contained 50 chromosomes including a large metacentric, eight submetacentric and 16 acrocentric autosomal pairs (NF=68). Minor differences in chromosome morphology were observed in these studied species in comparison with previously published data.Öğe Kırıkkale ili Allactaga williamsi Thomas, 1897 türünün biyolojisi ve ekolojisi (Mammalia: Rodentia)(Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, 2005) Toyran, Kubilay; Albayrak, İrfanÖZET KIRIKKALE İLİ ALLACTAGA WILLIAMSI THOMAS, 1897 TÜRÜNÜN BİYOLOJİSİ VE EKOLOJİSİ (MAMMALIA: RODENTIA) TOYRAN, Kubilay Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Biyoloji Anabilim Dalı, Yüksek Lisans Tezi Danışman: Prof. Dr. İrfan ALB AYRAK Ocak 2005, 49 sayfa Bu araştırma, 2002 ve 2004 yıllarında Kırıkkale ilinden elde edilen 31 Allactaga williamsi örneğine dayanmaktadır. Örnekler gece arazide araç ile gezilerek far ve projektör yardımı ile tespit edilip tüfek ile vurulmuş veya atrap ile canlı olarak yakalanmıştır. Örnekler, molar dişlerdeki aşınım dereceleri ve arazi notlarına göre yavru, genç ve ergin olmak üzere 3 yaş grubuna ayrılmışta. Allactaga williamsfmn. ekolojik, biyolojik ve taksonomik özelliklerini ortaya koymak için habitat, üreme ve beslenme davranışı, kürk rengi, kürk değişimi, kıl morfolojisi, karyoloji, phallus özellikleri ile iç ve dış karakter ölçüleri kaydedilmiştir. Allactaga williamsi' toil beslenme davranışını gözlemek ve karyolojik analiz yapmak amacıyla 12 hayvan laboratuarda beslenmiştir. Örneklerin baş iskeleti Mursaloğlu (1965), phallus özellikleri Lidicker (1968) ve karyolojisi Patton (1967)'a göre hazrrlanmıştrr. Allactaga williamsi'' de diploid kromozom sayısı 48 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Anahtar kelimeler: Allactaga williamsi, Ekoloji, Biyoloji, Kırıkkale, Türkiye.Öğe Kırıkkale Kızılırmak su samuru, Lutra lutra (Linnaeus, 1758) yayılış alanlarının belirlenmesi(Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, 2010) Toyran, Kubilay; Albayrak, İrfanBu araştırma, Şubat 2005 ve Ağustos 2009 tarihleri arasında Kızılırmak'ın Hirfanlı Barajı ile Kalecik ilçe sınırı arasında kalan yaklaşık 130 km'lik bir bölümünde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Su samurunun faaliyet alanlarını belirlemek için ayak izi ve dışkı tespiti ile birlikte doğrudan gözlemler yapılmıştır. Arazi çalışmaları sonucunda 7 su samuru lokalitesi belirlenmiş ve bazı biyolojik ve ekolojik özellikler kaydedilmiştir. Araştırma alanından elde edilen su samuruna ait baş iskeletinden toplam 17 iç karakter ölçüsü alınmıştır. Su samuruna ait elde edilen 233 dışkı örneğinin analizi sonucunda su samurunun diyetini oluşturan besinler omurgasız, balık, kuş, memeli ve teşhis edilemeyen parçalar olmak üzere 5 kategoriye ayrılmıştır. Diyetin % 69,91'ini balık, % 18,80'ini omurgasız hayvan, % 4,39'unu kuş, % 4,39'unu memeli ve % 2,51'ini tespit edilemeyen kalıntıların oluşturduğu saptanmıştır. Bu araştırmada kayalıklar arasında, ağaç kök sistemi içerisinde ve toprak galerisinde olmak üzere su samuruna ait üç tip yuva tespit edilmiştir. Su samurunun lokalitelerinde habitat özellikleri kaydedilmiştir. Doğrudan gözlem sonucu tespit edilen su samuru bireylerinin davranışları kaydedilmiş ve görüntü alınmıştır. Tespit edilen lokalitelerin habitat kalitesi hesaplanmış, ayrıca bu bölgelerdeki insan faaliyetleri ?insan faaliyet yoğunluğu? kıstası ile bir puanlamaya tabi tutulmuştur. Sanayi kuruluşlarının nehir suyuna yaptıkları etkinin belirlenmesi için su numunelerinin analizleri yapılarak bazı parametrelerin ölçümleri yapılmıştır. Ayrıca habitat daralması, trafik kazası, balıkçılık ve su kirliliğinin su samurunu tehdit eden etkenlerin başında geldiği saptanmıştır.Öğe Nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in Cricetulus migratorius (Pallas, 1773) and Meriones tristrami Thomas, 1892 (Mammalia: Rodentia) from Central Anatolia(Tubitak Scientific & Technical Research Council Turkey, 2010) Asan, Nursel; Albayrak, Irfan; Demirbas, Yasin; Yorulmaz, Tarkan; Toyran, Kubilay; Gozutok, SerdarThe distribution of nucleolar organizer regions (NORs) in Cricetulus migratorius and Meriones tristrami from Central Anatolia was determined. In the karyotype of Cricetulus migratorius the diploid number, fundamental number, and fundamental autosomal number are 22, 44, and 40, respectively. The diploid number, fundamental number, and fundamental autosomal number of Meriones tristrami are 72, 84, and 80, respectively. In Cricetulus migratorius, NORs occur in the telomeric regions of metacentric and subtelocentric autosome pairs. Furthermore, terminally located NORs in metacentric and acrocentric autosomes of Meriones tristrami are presented in this present paper.Öğe A survey study on hantavirus, cowpox virus, and Leptospira infections in Microtus hartingi in Kirsehir Province, Central Anatolia, Turkey(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey-Tubitak, 2013) Azkur, Ahmet Kursat; Kaygusuz, Sedat; Aslan, Muhammet Eren; Gazyagci, Serkal; Gozutok, Serdar; Toyran, KubilayThe aim of this study was to investigate whether hantaviruses, cowpox viruses, or Leptospira infections were prevalent in Microtus hartingi trapped in Kirsehir Province, located in Central Anatolia, Turkey. Leptospira spp. was detected in 20 of the 43 (46.5%) Microtus hartingi kidney samples and confirmed by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene. Five of the 20 Leptospira spp. PCR positive amplicons were sequenced, analyzed, and confirmed as Leptospira spp. This is the first study to genetically characterize Leptospira in Microtus hartingi in Turkey. There was no evidence of cowpox viruses or hantaviruses in Microtus hartingi. Therefore, additional studies are needed.
