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    The comparison of the repair bond strength of the composite resin to direct and indirect composite restorations with different surface preparations
    (Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 2023) Bahadir, Hasibe Sevilay; Polatoğlu, Selin; Tuncer, Duygu; Çelik, Çiğdem
    Background. Indirect restorations have been employed in restorative dentistry to solve some of the drawbacks of direct restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different modes of a universal adhesive resin on the repair capacity of two indirect resin composites and a direct resin composite. Methods. Indirect composite resins (Ceramage and Gradia Plus) and a direct composite resin (Filtek Z250) were prepared in a plastic mold with a height and diameter of 2-mm and 6-mm, respectively. Composite blocks were thermocycled (5000 cycles, 5°C-55°C). Then, according to their surface treatments, composite blocks were categorized into six-groups: Group 1: ER (etch&rinse), Group 2: SE (self-etch), Group 3: Bur + ER (bur + etch&rinse), Group 4: Bur + SE (bur + self-etch), Group 5: Bur + Silane + ER (bur + silane + etch&rinse), Group 6: Bur + Silane + SE (bur + silane + self-etch), respectively. After surface treatments and adhesive application for bonding with a direct resin composite, all groups were then thermocycled before performing shear-bond-strength-test. Failure modes were evaluated using a stereomicroscope. Data were analyzed by two-way-ANOVA and Bonferroni-test (P < 0.05). Results. The highest bond-strength values were obtained for Bur + Silane + SE groups, while the lowest values were obtained for the Bur + Silane + ER groups for all materials. Statistically significant differences were observed between the Bur + Silane + ER group and ER, Bur + ER and Bur + Silane + SE groups in Gradia Plus (P < 0.05). Conclusion. The self-etch-mode of the universal-adhesive and silane applications led to the increase in the repair-strength of the adhesive in the Filtek Z250 and Ceramage. The self-etch-mode of the universal-adhesive might be used to reduce adhesive-application-steps in the clinical repair procedures. © 2023 The Author(s).
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    THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT INSTRUMENT LUBRICANTS ON SURFACE MICROHARDNESS OF A MICROHYBRID RESIN COMPOSITE
    (2021) Arhun, Neslihan; Kalender, Berçem; Çelik, Çiğdem; Tuncer, Duygu; Berkmen, Begüm
    Background and Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the\reffects of different instrument lubricants on the surface\rmicrohardness of a resin composite.\rMaterial and Method: A total of 180 disk-shaped specimens\rof a resin composite (Filtek Z250; 3M-ESPE) were prepared in\rplastic molds and randomly divided into six groups according\rto the lubricants tested (n= 30)—group 1: control (no\rlubricant was used); group 2: ethanol; group 3: etch-and-rinse\radhesive (Adper Single Bond 2; 3M-ESPE); group 4: self-etch\radhesive (Clearfil SE Bond/the use of adhesive bottle only);\rgroup 5: universal adhesive (G-Premio Bond; GC); and group\r6: Bisco modeling resin. The Vickers hardness number was\rassessed using a microhardness tester. Following the baseline\rmeasurements, finishing/polishing procedures were performed,\rand microhardness was remeasured. The data gathered were\rstatistically analyzed (p< 0.05).\rResults: There was a statistically significant difference\rbetween the control and lubricant groups (p< 0.05). Although\rfinishing/polishing procedures improved the microhardness\rvalues in all the groups, a significant difference was found\rbetween the control and lubricant groups, except for the\rethanol group (p< 0.05).\rConclusion: Instrument lubricants changed the surface\rmicrohardness of the resin composite tested.