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    Does Saccharin Have Effects on Appetite, Energy Intake, And Serum Ghrelin? A Randomized, Controlled, Cross-Over Study in Healthy Males
    (Duzce Univ, Fac Medicine, 2022) Gumus, Aylin Bayindir; Keser, Alev; Tuncer, Esra; Yildiz, Tugba Altuntas; Bayram, Ilknur Kepenekci
    Objective: Instead of sugar, artificial sweeteners that do not contain energy are widely used. However, contrary to popular belief, artificial sweeteners are thought to affect metabolism. Thus, purpose of this present study was to evaluate effects of saccharin on serum ghrelin, appetite, and food consumption. Methods: Nine healthy males aged 20-29 participated in the randomized, controlled, and cross-over study. Each participant received 300 ml water, and 300 ml water containing 75 grams sucrose and 240 milligrams saccharin. At baseline, 30th, 60th, 90th, 120th, and 180th min, Visual Analog Scale was applied to evaluate appetite, and blood samples were taken to analyze ghrelin. After 180th min, participants consumed ad libitum diet, and kept 24-hours dietary food intake records until the end of this day. Results: At 60th and 120th min, mean ghrelin level was higher in drinks containing only water and saccharin compared to drink containing sucrose (p=0.001, p=0.003 respectively). In addition, in 90th min following drink consumption, mean ghrelin level was higher in drink containing saccharin than sucrose test drink (p=0.001). Mean prospective food consumption and desire to eat score at 120th min after drink consumption was higher in saccharin test drink than sucrose test drink (p<0.05). Difference between energy and macronutrient intake was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Conclusions: In this study, which examined the effect of acute intake of saccharin an artificial sweetener, it is remarkable that high ghrelin levels and high scores related to appetite in some intervals after drink consumption containing saccharin. However, studies on the longer-term consumption of saccharin are needed to clarify these effects on appetite metabolism.
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    Effect of emotional eating and social media on nutritional behavior and obesity in university students who were receiving distance education due to the COVID-19 pandemic
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Durmaz, Sevinc Eser; Keser, Alev; Tuncer, Esra
    Aim This study aimed to evaluate the effects of emotional eating and social media on nutritional behavior and obesity in university students receiving distance education during the pandemic. Subject and methods This cross-sectional study was performed with 1000 undergraduate students who were receiving distance education due to COVID-19 in Turkiye. Data were collected using an online questionnaire that included demographic information, height, body weight, eating habits, the Scale of Effects of Social Media on Eating Behavior (SESMEB), and the Emotional Eating Scale (EES). A p value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant for statistical tests. Results During the distance education period, more than half of both male and female students (61.7%; 58.2%) changed their meal pattern, 31.7% of them started to consume their main meals more regularly, and 31.2% of them began to skip their main meals. Of the participants, 52.6% spent more than 2 hours a day on social media. The female students who spend more than 2 hours a day on social media have higher SESMEB and EES scores than those who spend 2 hours or less a day (p < 0.01). The score SESMEB is positively weakly correlated with body mass index (BMI) (rho 0.132, p < 0.01) and positively moderately associated with the EES score (rho 0.334, p < 0.01). The interaction between the SESMEB and EES scores increases the risk of overweight/obesity (odds ratio (OR) 1.002, p = 0.009). Conclusion For the students who received distance education, social media affects eating behavior, BMI, and emotional eating. Additionally, these effects may increase the risk of overweight/obesity.
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    Effect of saccharin, a non-nutritive sweeteners, on insulin and blood glucose levels in healthy young men: A crossover trial
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2022) Gumus, Aylin Bayindir; Keser, Alev; Tuncer, Esra; Yildiz, Tugba Altuntas; Bayram, Ilknur Kepenekci
    Background and aims: Artificial sweeteners used instead of sugar were considered as the best alternatives that have no endocrine effects. However, it has recently been suggested that artificial sweeteners may cause impaired metabolic parameters. The hypothesis of the study was there is an association between acute saccharin consumption and both glycemia and insulin response in young healthy adult men. Methods: 9 healthy adult males were included in this study. This study randomly provided participants with preloads as (a)300 ml of water, or 300 ml of water sweetened with (b)75 g of sucrose, (c)240 mg of saccharine (adjusted to the sweetness of 75 g of sucrose) 1 h before a standard breakfast. Results: Compared to mean blood glucose and serum insulin after test drinks consumption, there was only one difference between sucrose and saccharin trials in the 15th minute (117.0 +/- 18.70, 95.4 +/- 5.64 mg/dl respectively, p < 0.05). At the 60th minute, insulin secretion (0.80 +/- 0.27 pg/dl) after the sucrose trial was found significantly higher than the saccharin trial (0.53 +/- 0.09 pg/dl) and water (0.49 +/- 0.06 pg/dl) (p < 0.05). Although at all intervals (except 90th minute), the mean insulin is higher after the saccharin trial compared to the water trial, these were non-statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Consequently, it was determined that saccharin had no glycemic effect. However, for the effect on serum insulin to be clarified, the long-term effects should be investigated. (c) 2022 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.