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    Influence of different bonding systems and soft start polymerisation on marginal gap formation: stereological approach
    (Maney Publishing, 2008) Bayindir, Y. Z.; Bayindir, F.; Zorba, Y. O.; Turgut, H.
    The aim of the present paper was to investigate the effects of soft start polymerisation and the influence of the different adhesive systems on marginal gap formation using a stereological approach. Three adhesive systems [Single Bond (SB), Scotchbond Multi-Purpose (SM) and Clearfil SE Bond (SE)] and two curing techniques (standard cure and soft cure) were studied. For every curing technique, 24 cylindrical class V dentin cavities, 3 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick, were prepared and restorated with 3M Valux Plus composite resin using three different dentin bonding agents. Marginal gap formation was investigated under scanning electron microscope (SEM). On the micrographs, the surface areas of the gaps were measured according to the modified Cavalieri method. Data were analysed by ANOVA and Duncan multi-comparison tests (alpha=0.05). Statistical analysis of variance (ANOVA) presented statistical significance for two factors: curing techniques and adhesives (p < 0.05). Interactions between adhesives and curing technique was not found significantly important (p > 0.05). With the relation averages, The Duncan test was carried out at the 5% level of significance. Soft cure has showed significantly less marginal gap formation in all adhesive systems. Clearfil SE Bond with soft cure has showed significantly less marginal gap formation, whereas Scotchbond MP with standard cure had higher values in all test groups (p < 0.05).
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    Quality of curing in relation to different light sources by measuring hardness, degree of conversion and depth of cure
    (Maney Publishing, 2009) Zorba, Y. Orcun; Bayindir, Y. Z.; Turgut, H.; Yildiz, M.
    This study was to determine the quality of curing of second generation light emitting diode (LED-II) compared to a first generation LED (LED-I) and conventional halogen (quartz tungsten halogen) light curing unity by measuring depth of cure, degree of polymerisation and surface hardness. Filtek Z-250 hybrid composite resin (3M-ESPE, Germany), with shade A2, was used in this study. One quartz tungsten halogen/light curing unit (LCU) (Hilux, Benlioglu Dental, Turkey), one LED-I-LCU unit (Elipar Freelight 3M-ESPE, Germany) and one LED-II-LCU (Elipar Freelight, 3M-ESPE, Germany) were used for polymerisation of the composite resin. The depth of cure was obtained with scrape test, degree of cure was measured with Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (Spectrum-One, Perkin-Elmer, USA) and surface hardness was calculated with surface hardness tester (Micromet-2001, Buehler, Dusseldorf, Germany). The data were analysed by Kruskal Wallis and Mann Whitney-U. The polymerisation depth of LED-I-LCU was significantly lower than that of the other LCUs (p<0.05). However, no significant differences were obtained among all tested systems in point of degree of cure and surface hardness at 2 mm depth. Within the limitations of this study, although LED-I showed lower depth of cure, all tested systems appear suitable for routine clinical practice for polymerisation of the composite resin.