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    Concentration of essential and non-essential elements and carcinogenic / non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of commercial bee pollens from Turkey
    (Elsevier GmbH, 2023) Sevin, Sedat; Tutun, Hidayet; Yipel, Mustafa; Aluç, Yaşar; Ekici, Hüsamettin
    Background: Bee pollen, known as a natural super-food with valuable nutritional ingredients, is regarded as a good indicator of ecotoxic substances, such as potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Therefore, this study aims to examine the concentrations of selected PTEs (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sn, Sr, V, Zn) in bee pollen purchased from online markets in Turkey and perform a health risk assessment to identify the potential risk to consumers. Methods: The quantitative analyses were conducted by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Results: The mean values of essential PTEs in decreasing content order were Mg > Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > Se > Cr > Mo >Co = V. Regarding the results of the study, daily consumption (40 g for adult or 20 g for children) of commercial bee pollen can recompense 20–35 % of daily Cu, Mn, Se requirements for children, adults, pregnant, and breastfeeding women. The decreasing content order of non-essential elements was Al > Sn > Sr > Ba > Pb > As. Cadmium and Hg concentrations were below the detection limits in all the samples. In terms of food and public health; detection of the PTEs concentrations is necessary to assess the quality and safety of bee pollen before consumption. According to the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessments; commercial pollen consumption does not pose a health risk to either children or adults for the PTEs monitored in this study. Conclusion: We conclude that bee pollen is an ideal indicator for the monitoring of environmental pollution of PTEs and also a valuable source of essential elements. This study highlights the need to develop standards that regulate acceptable concentrations of PTEs. © 2022 Elsevier GmbH
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    Öğe
    Concentration of essential and non-essential elements and carcinogenic/non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of commercial bee pollens from Turkey
    (Elsevier Gmbh, 2023) Sevin, Sedat; Tutun, Hidayet; Yipel, Mustafa; Aluc, Yasar; Ekici, Husamettin
    Background: Bee pollen, known as a natural super-food with valuable nutritional ingredients, is regarded as a good indicator of ecotoxic substances, such as potentially toxic elements (PTEs). Therefore, this study aims to examine the concentrations of selected PTEs (Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, Sn, Sr, V, Zn) in bee pollen purchased from online markets in Turkey and perform a health risk assessment to identify the potential risk to consumers.Methods: The quantitative analyses were conducted by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES).Results: The mean values of essential PTEs in decreasing content order were Mg > Fe > Zn > Mn > Cu > Ni > Se > Cr > Mo >Co = V. Regarding the results of the study, daily consumption (40 g for adult or 20 g for children) of commercial bee pollen can recompense 20-35 % of daily Cu, Mn, Se requirements for children, adults, pregnant, and breastfeeding women. The decreasing content order of non-essential elements was Al > Sn > Sr > Ba > Pb > As. Cadmium and Hg concentrations were below the detection limits in all the samples. In terms of food and public health; detection of the PTEs concentrations is necessary to assess the quality and safety of bee pollen before consumption. According to the carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risk assessments; commercial pollen consumption does not pose a health risk to either children or adults for the PTEs monitored in this study.Conclusion: We conclude that bee pollen is an ideal indicator for the monitoring of environmental pollution of PTEs and also a valuable source of essential elements. This study highlights the need to develop standards that regulate acceptable concentrations of PTEs.
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    Öğe
    Effects of edaravone on testicular torsion-detorsion injury in rats
    (Wiley, 2024) Sahin, Yasar; Ustuner, Evren; Tutun, Hidayet; Yildirim, Ebru; Eroglu, Oguz; Kurtdede, Efe; Ozkabadayi, Yasin
    Background and objective: This study aimed to assess the protective ability of edaravone on testicular torsion-detorsion injury in rats. Methods: Eighteen adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham group (control, n = 6); testicular torsion/detorsion (T/D group, n = 6) and T/D+edaravone (T/D+E group, n = 6). The spermatic cords of rats of the T/D group and the T/D+E group were rotated 720(degrees) in a clockwise direction and maintained for 120 min in this torsion position. Around 90 min after the torsion, edaravone at a dose of 10 mg/kg dissolved in saline was administered IP to the T/D+E group. The testicle was counter-rotated to its normal position to allow reperfusion for 4 h. Left testes of each animal were excised 240 min after beginning of reperfusion. Oxidative stress markers (TAS, TOS, SOD, and MDA) and apoptotic pathways (Caspase 3, Caspase 8, Caspase 9, Bcl-2, and Bax,) were assessed by ELISA methods. Also, testicles were subjected to the histopathologic and ultrasound examinations. Results: Ultrasound imaging showed that edaravone reduced the surface area and increased vascularization in testicles with T/D (p < 0.0001, p < 0.05, respectively). Edaravone pretreatment markedly decreased the levels of MDA, TOS, Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase 3, Caspase 8, and Caspase 9 (p < 0.0001). Also, it increased significantly TAS levels (p < 0.0001) and reduced insignificantly SOD activity. Histopathologic examinations demonstrated that edaravone significantly attenuated the histological damage caused by T/D in testicles. Conclusion: Taken together, the findings indicate that pretreatment of edaravone has protective effect against testicular T/D injury.
  • Küçük Resim
    Öğe
    Investigation of some metals in honey samples from West Mediterranean region of Turkey
    (Urmia Univ, 2019) Tutun, Hidayet; Kahraman, Hatice Ahu; Aluc, Yasar; Avci, Tulay; Ekici, Husamettin
    Analysis of elements content in honey is important for honey quality and safety and for monitoring of environmental pollution. The levels of 22 elements, aluminum (Al), barium (Ba), calcium (Ca), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), sodium (Na), lead (Pb), strontium (Sr), silver (Ag), bismuth (Bi), gallium (Ga), indium (In), lithium (Li), thallium (Tl) and zinc (Zn), were determined in 70 samples obtained from beekeepers located in the West Mediterranean region of Turkey. Determination of elements content was carried out using ICP-OES. Chromium, Co, Cd, Ag, Bi, In and Tl were not detected in any of the tested honey samples. The most abundant metal was K which has an overall average of 764.26 mg kg(-1). Higher concentrations of Pb, Ni, Mg, Na, K and Mn were found in the samples obtained from Burdur compared to other provinces. The levels of Cu were statistically lower in Antalya in comparison to other regions. No significant differences were observed in Al, Zn, Fe, Sr, Ba, Ca and Ga levels between regions. The differences in the chemistry of honey samples collected from different regions may be due to geochemical soil composition and geographical differences. Their levels were below to the European limits and the honeys are safe for human consumption. (C) 2019 Urmia University. All rights reserved.
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    Öğe
    The content and health risk assessment of selected elements in bee pollen and propolis from Turkey
    (Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2022) Tutun, Hidayet; Aluc, Yasar; Kahraman, Hatice Ahu; Sevin, Sedat; Yipel, Mustafa; Ekici, Husamettin
    This study aimed to determine the concentrations of potentially toxic elements (PTEs), including Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Se, Sn, V, and Zn, in pollen and propolis samples collected from migratory beekeeping areas in Turkey. A health risk assessment was performed to identify the potential risk of these PTEs to consumers in terms of public health. Concentrations of the elements were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy. The most abundant element in the bee pollen and propolis samples was Fe, with average concentrations of 47.3 and 390 mg kg(-1), respectively, followed by Al, Zn, Mn and Sn. Concentrations of all elements except Cu, Mn and Sn were higher in propolis than in pollen. The concentrations of Fe, Al, and Zn in the propolis samples were over eight, seven, and two times higher than in the bee pollen samples, respectively. Se, Cd, and Hg in pollen and Se and Cd in propolis were below the detection limits. Pb, Co, and Cr were detected below 0.62, 0.06, and 0.91 mg kg(-1), in pollen samples, respectively. Co and Hg were detected below 0.68, and 0.18 mg kg(-1), in propolis samples, respectively. Detection of the PTEs contamination level and assessment of the health risks in pollen and propolis is necessary to ascertain quality and safety before consumption. In this study, we concluded that bee pollen and propolis may be good indicators for the screening of environmental pollution with PTEs and standards regulating acceptable concentrations of these pollutants in bee products should be established. In addition, it has been determined that consumption at the specified rates does not pose a risk. This study suggests the determination of admissible concentrations of PTEs in bee pollen and propolis.