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    Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training on Respiratory Muscle Strength, Trunk Control, Balance and Functional Capacity in Stroke Patients: A single-blinded randomized controlled study
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Aydogan Arslan, Saniye; Ugurlu, Kubra; Sakizli Erdal, Elif; Keskin, Esra Dilek; Demirguc, Arzu
    Objective: Aim of the study was to examine the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on respiratory function, respiratory muscle strength, trunk control, balance, and functional capacity in stroke patients. Methods: 21 stroke individuals were randomly divided into two groups as control group and treatment group. Maximal Inspiratory Pressure (MIP) and Maximal Expiratory Pressure (MEP) were evaluated. Also, Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) and Berg Balance Scale (BBS), and Six-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) were performed. Neurodevelopmental treatment program was performed in both groups for 5 days a week for 6 weeks, and IMT was given to the treatment group. IMT was started from 40% of MIP. Results: After treatment, respiratory functions, respiratory muscle strength, and trunk control and balance improved in the treatment group. In the control group; however, only the balance level was improved. When the changes in the evaluation parameters between the groups were compared, there were only statistically significant differences in the TIS, PEF and MIP in the treatment group (p<0.05), the change amounts in other evaluation parameters were similar (p>0.05). When the effect size of the groups was compared, the effect size of the variables in the treatment group was found to be higher. Conclusions: As a conclusion, the IMT, which was given in addition to the neurological physiotherapy and rehabilitation program to our patients, improved inspiratory muscle strength and trunk control. We believe that this result will raise awareness for physiotherapists working in the field of neurological rehabilitation about including respiratory muscle training in the rehabilitation program of stroke patients.
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    RELIABILITY AND VALIDITY OF TURKISH VERSION OF THE BRIEF-BESTEST -T IN STROKE PATIENTS
    (TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2020) Aydogan Arslan, Saniye; Demirci, Cevher Savcun; Katirci Kirmaci, Zekiye Ipek; Ugurlu, Kubra; Keskin, Esra Dilek
    Background The Brief-BESTest is the short version of the BESTest used to evaluate balance and fall risk in a multiple disease populations. The clinicians need practical, short application scales to evaluate the risk of falling, balance and rehabilitation results. Objective This study aims to investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Brief-BESTest (Brief-BESTest-T) in stroke patients. Methods This study included a total of 40 subacute and chronic stroke patients (mean age of 60.28 +/- 9.96 years). The Brief-BESTest, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), Functional Reach Test (FRT), Falls Efficacy Scale (FES) and 10 m walking test were applied to the patients. Results A strong correlation was observed between the1st and 2nd evaluation Brief-BESTest-T total scores (r = 0.933). Cronbach's alpha coefficient was excellent. According to the correlation analysis performed to test the inter-rater reliability, a very high correlation (r = 0.906) was observed between the Brief-BESTest-T total scores. A high correlation was found between the Brief-BESTest-T and BBS and TUG, while a moderate correlation was found between the FRT, FES, and 10 m walking test. The clinical cutoff point for the Brief-BESTest - T was determined to be 9 points with an AUC of 0.872. There were no floor and ceiling effects found. Conclusions This study showed that the Brief-BESTest-T had excellent internal consistency, intra-rater, and inter-rater reliability. Its concurrent, discriminant, and known-groups validity were also good and had no substantial floor and ceiling effects.
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    Validity and Reliability of The 3-Meter Backward Walk Test in Individuals with Stroke
    (ELSEVIER, 2021) Kocaman, Ayse Abit; Arslan, Saniye Aydogan; Ugurlu, Kubra; Kirmaci, Zekiye Ipek Katirci; Keskin, E. Dilek
    Objectives: The 3-m backward walk test (3MBWT) is used to evaluate neuromuscular control, proprioception, protective reflexes, fall risk and balance. The aim of our study was to reveal the test-retest reliability and validity of the 3MBWT in stroke patients. Materials and Methods: This study included a total of 41 stroke patients [age 59 (35-78) years]. 3MBWT, Berg Balance Scale (BBS), Timed Up and Go test (TUG) were applied to the patients. The second evaluation (retest) was carried out by the same physiotherapist two days following the first evaluation (test) in order to measure test-retest reliability. Results: Cronbach's alpha coefficient was found to be 0.974 (excellent). For intra-rater agreement, the ICC values in the individual test were 0.985. The SEM value was 1.11 sec, the MDC value was found to be 1.57 sec. A moderate correlation was revealed between the 3 m-backward walking speed and BBS (r: -0.691, p: 0.001) and TUG (r: 0.849, p: 0.001). Conclusions: The 3MBWT was observed to be valid and reliable in stroke individuals. It is an effecive and reliable tool for measuring dynamic balance and falls in stroke.