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    Bioattenuation of Detergent Plant Effluents Enhanced via Single Microbial Augmentations
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2016) Icgen, Bulent; Salih, Salih Batuhan; Goksu, Lale; Ulusoy, Huseyin; Yilmaz, Fadime
    Due to natural attenuation, anionic detergents in surface waters are not inferred as big environmental issues. However, the effluents from large industrial areas with high detergent concentrations can have significant local impacts. These circumstances can be diminished by using efficient detergent-degrading bacterial isolates through bioaugmentation. In this study, detergent plant effluents were analysed by using a methylene blue active substance assay to determine detergent content during natural attenuation processes, and after single augmentations of 12 anionic detergent-degrading bacterial isolates with high detergent tolerating abilities in batch microcosms. Maximum bioattenuation of detergents was determined as 56 % after 66 h incubation under the conditions that mimicked the natural environment. Bioattenuation was enhanced as much as 83 and 91 % in 78 h incubation time through single microbial augmentations of filter-sterilized and non-sterilized effluents, respectively. Eight Pseudomonas and one Aeromonas species were found to be highly competitive by showing high biodegradation abilities in pure culture experiments as well as enhancing degradation of detergents in both filter-sterilized and non-sterilized effluents through their single augmentations. Although remaining three isolates, namely Pseudomonas fluorescens SDS6, P. resinovorans SDS10-2, and P. corrugata SDS10-3 displayed lower degrading abilities in pure culture experiments than the natural attenuation, they later turned out to be actively enhancing the degradation of detergents during their single augmentations.
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    Higher alkyl sulfatase activity required by microbial inhabitants to remove anionic surfactants in the contaminated surface waters
    (Iwa Publishing, 2017) Icgen, Bulent; Salik, Salih Batuhan; Goksu, Lale; Ulusoy, Huseyin; Yilmaz, Fadime
    Biodegradation of anionic surfactants, like sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) are challenged by some bacteria through the function of the enzyme alkyl sulfatases. Therefore, identifying and characterizing bacteria capable of degrading SDS with high alkyl sulfatase enzyme activity are pivotal. In this study, bacteria isolated from surfactant contaminated river water were screened for their potential to degrade SDS. Primary screening carried out by the conventional enrichment culture technique and assessment of SDS-degrading ability through methylene blue active substance assay revealed 12, out of 290, SDS-degrading surface water bacteria with maximum SDS degrading abilities of 46-94% in 24-54 h. The isolates exhibited optimum growth at SDS concentration of 1 g/L, but tolerated up to 15-75 g/L. Eleven isolates were identified as the species of Pseudomonas and one isolate was identified as Aeromonas through 16S rRNA sequencing. Proteolytic activity of alkyl sulfatases in the identified isolates was shown by using native-PAGE analysis. The determined enzyme activities changed in between 1.32 and 2.90 U/mg in the crude extracts. Preliminary experiments showed that the isolates with the alkyl sulfatase enzyme activities >= 2.50 U/mg were strong gratuitous degraders. However, their relative importance in soil, sewage, and wastewater treatment plants remains to be assessed.