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Öğe The efficacy of a combination of azithromycin and toltrazuril for the treatment of calves naturally infected with cryptosporidiosis: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparative clinical trial(Czech Academy Agricultural Sciences, 2017) Yagci, B. B.; Ocal, N.; Duru, S. Yasa; Akyol, M.Cryptosporidium spp. are important emerging pathogens that can cause infections in humans, especially in immunosuppressed patients. Treatment of diseased calves that shed the infectious stage of the protozoon is critically important to prevent contamination by Cryptosporidium spp. oocysts. The objective of this study was to determine if a combination of azithromycin and toltrazuril provides a better treatment option for calf crypto-sporidiosis compared to the use of either agent alone. A total of 55 Holstein calves with cryptosporidiosis were randomly assigned into four groups. Group A (n = 15) received azithromycin at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day per os for six days, group T (n = 15) received toltrazuril at a dose of 20 mg/kg per os every other day on a total of three occasions, and group AT (n = 15) received the combination of both drugs. The control group (n = 10) received purified water. A randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical study was designed. The number of oocysts in faeces and clinical parameters were followed daily. Selected haematological and biochemical parameters were measured at the beginning and end of the study. The calves receiving the combination of azithromycin and toltrazuril exhibited a better clinical score as well as the lowest number of oocysts at all time-points. In conclusion, the combination of azithromycin and toltrazuril promotes rapid clinical recovery in calves infected with cryptosporidiosis and stops oocyst shedding. Thus, the combination of azithromycin and toltrazuril is an effective alternative treatment option for calf cryptosporidiosis.Öğe The investigation of Toxocara canis eggs in coats of different dog breeds as a potential transmission route in human toxocariasis(Elsevier Science Bv, 2008) Aydenizoz-Ozkayhan, M.; Yagci, B. B.; Erat, S.This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of Toxocara canis eggs on the coats of dogs (a potential etiological factor for human toxocariasis) and to see if there were mainly a dog breed and coat type effects for the presence of eggs on the coat. Hair samples were collected from the different breeds of 51 domestic pet dogs and examined for the presence of T. canis eggs. A total of 62 T. canis eggs (all viable) were found in 21.56% of the dogs. Forty-nine (79.03%) of the eggs recovered were unembryonated, 8 (12.90%) were embryonating, and 5 (8.06%) were embryonated. The maximum densities of the embryonating and embryonated eggs were 93 and 8.45 eggs per gram (epg) of hair, respectively. The number of eggs recovered was much higher than those previously reported for soil samples. Although the statistical analysis for all dogs in this study showed that there were no breed (P > 0.4), coat type (P > 0.8), sex (P > 0.1), age group (P > 0.1) and hair length (P > 0.3) effects for the presence of T. canis eggs per gram of hair, the majority of dogs (82%) with T. canis eggs in their coats were breeds that had double coats with thick undercoats suggesting that the coat characteristic may play a role for providing a suitable environment for the development of T. canis eggs. Also 82% of infected dogs were under 1 year of age indicating that the age of dog is a very important risk factor. The present study indicates that direct contact with T. canis infected dogs may be a potential etiological factor for human toxocariasis. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Öğe Pica as a Predisposing Factor for Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis in Dairy Cattle: Serum Mineral Concentrations and Hematological Findings(Medwell Online, 2008) Ocal, Naci; Gokce, G.; Gucus, A. I.; Uzlu, E.; Yagci, B. B.; Ural, K.In this study, 30 dairy cattle suffering from pica-related symptoms and exhibiting clinical signs of Traumatic Reticuloperitonitis (TRP) and 25 clinically healthy dairy cattle were examined for serum zinc, iron, copper and calcium levels as well as hematological cell counts. No specific clinical signs of mineral deficiency were observed in cattle suffering from pica and TRP were determined. In hematological examination, a mild nonregenerative, normocytic-normochromic anemia detected in cattle suffering from pica and TRP based on the followings: a significant decrease (p<0.001) in erythrocyte count (4.88 x 10(12) L(-1)), MCV (54 +/- 0.53 fl) level within the range of the reference value and Hb (83.0 +/- 3.64 g L(-1)) and PCV (0.266 +/- 0.01 1 L(-1)) both of which were near the lower reference limits. A neutrophilia (49.33 +/- 2.207%) (p<0.001) associated with lymphopenia (45.0 +/- 2.22%) was determined in blood cell count. Compared to clinically healthy cattle, dairy cattle suffering from pica-related symptoms and exhibiting clinical signs of TRP (group 1) had significantly decreased Zn (9.547 +/- 0.51 mu mol L(-1)) (p<0.001), Cu (7.193 +/- 0.41 mu mol L(-1)) (p<0.05) and Ca (2.41 +/- 015 mmol L(-1)) (p<0.01) and mildly elevated Fe (50.649 +/- 5.03 mu mol L(-1)) (p<0.05) concentrations. The results suggest that Zn, Cu and Ca deficiencies are associated with pica and may play an important role in its etiology. Taking the status of lactation, pregnancy and milk yield of the dairy cattle into consideration, rations should be supplemented according to mineral deficiency in soil and plants that may prevent the onset of pica, which is a an important predisposing factor for TRP.Öğe Prevalence of Clinical Dermatophytosis and Oxidative Stress in Cattle(Medwell Online, 2010) Yildirim, M.; Cinar, M.; Ocal, N.; Yagci, B. B.; Askar, S.In this study, skin scrapings and hair samples were collected from 50 cattle with clinically suspected of dermatophytosis in the province of Kirikkale, Turkey. Moreover, blood samples were collected from 10 clinically healthy cattle and 37 cattle with clinically suspected of dermatophytosis to investigate the influence of dermatophytosis on some biochemical profiles, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system. The collected samples were directly examined for fungal elements by direct microscopy. The isolation was made from clinically diagnosed about 50 cattles belonging to Dermatophytosis by 22 (44%). The distribution of isolates was Trichophyton verrucosum 19/50 (38%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes 3/50 (6%), respectively. The influence of dermatophytosis on plasma Malondialdehyde (MDA), total protein, albumin, uric acid levels, vitamin A and beta-carotene, vitamin C levels on serum Cu, Zn and Fe elements, in the erythrocyte Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity was investigated. There was no significant difference between the control and dermatophitic groups for total protein, albumin, vitamin A and C values. However, plasma MDA, erytrocyte CAT (p<0.05) levels and SOD (p<0.01) enzyme activity and plasma beta-carotene, uric acid and serum Zn, Cu (p<0.05), Fe (p<0.01) levels in dermatophitic cattles were statistically lower than those of control group. The result of the study revealed that cattle dermatophytosis is highly prevalent in the Central of Anatolia, Kirikkale province. In addition, the effects of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system have been determined during the pathogenesis of disease.Öğe The spread of canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in Turkey to central Anatolia(Israel Veterinary Medical Assoc, 2010) Yagci, B. B.; Yasa, Duru S.; Yildiz, K.; Ocal, N.; Gazyagci, A. N.Ehrlichia canis, a rickettsial agent, causes canine monocytotropic ehrlichiosis (CME) in dogs characterized by fever, anorexia, weakness, and lymphadenopathy. In most cases, after the acute stage, the disease regresses to an asymptomatic form which may progress into a more severe chronic and often fatal form. Once transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks, it reaches the spleen, liver, lymph nodes via blood and lymph vessels. In the present study, dogs of different breeds and ages submitted to our clinics for various health problems, many of them with tick infestations, were examined serologically for ehrlichiosis. Blood samples were collected from a total of 122 dogs (66 females and 56 males) and analyzed using a commercial immunofluorescence antibody test kit. Total blood count was conducted using an automated cell counter. Seropositivity was detected in 18 dogs (14.75%), among which 17 had no clinical findings while one had a non-specific cough. The seropositive dogs had no specific clinical or hematological signs. It was concluded that these dogs were probably in the subclinical phase of the disease. Seropositivity in male and female dogs was 12.12% and 17.85%, respectively. The result of this study is demonstrates the expansion of canine ehrlichiosis into the dry regions of Anatolia. Therefore, we recommend that dogs especially those with tick infestations should be examined serologically for ehrlichiosis as subclinically infected dogs usually exhibit no clinical signs or hematological changes and may for unknown reasons revert to the chronic severe and usually fatal form of CME.
