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    Synthesis of boron-based alloys and compounds by mechanical alloying: A review
    (Elsevier, 2023) Yakin, Alican; Avar, Baris; Simsek, Tuncay; Chattopadhyay, Arun K.
    Boron and its derivatives are highly valued in many alloy systems for their ability to enhance material strength, hardness, thermoelectric properties, wear and corrosion resistance, and electromagnetic properties. Incorporating boron-based derivatives like boron nitride (BN), boron carbide (B4C), hexaborides, and metal borides into composites, amorphous alloys, high entropy alloys (HEAs), and magnetic alloys results in materials with superior properties compared to those without boron. As a result, there is growing market interest in advanced material applications of these boron-based alloys, which are utilized in diverse fields from health and automotive to space exploration, smart engineering materials, manufacturing industry, glass and ceramics, cleaning materials, hightech electronics, and modern household appliances. The use of boron and its derivatives has spurred innovation in the production of new materials, with the mechanical alloying (MA) method being a desirable option for synthesizing boron-based alloys with desired properties by adjusting alloying parameters. This review examines the properties of boron-based alloys synthesized by MA methods, providing valuable insights into the potential applications of these materials. Overall, this review provides a comprehensive survey of boron-based alloys and their potential for advanced material applications.
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    The effect of Cr and Nb addition on the structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of the mechanically alloyed high entropy FeCoNi alloys
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Yakin, Alican; Simsek, Telem; Avar, Baris; Chattopadhyay, Arun K.; Ozcan, Sadan; Simsek, Tuncay
    In this study, four different equimolar compositions of FeCoNi, FeCoNiNb, FeCoNiCr, and FeCoNiNbCr were synthesized by the mechanical alloying method. The effects of Cr and Nb addition on the structural, morphological, and magnetic properties of FeCoNi alloy were investigated in detail. The structural aspects of the samples were analyzed by X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. High and low-temperature magnetic properties were evaluated by a vibrating sample magnetometer. It was noticed that the addition of Nb caused amorphization, while Cr promoted crystallization in the alloys. The crystallite sizes were calculated as 9.7, 3.1, 8.3, and 4.4 nm for the FeCoNi, FeCoNiNb, FeCoNiCr, and FeCoNiCrNb alloys, respectively, after 20 h of milling. The SEM images of the as-milled alloys revealed irregular and layered structures for FeCoNi and FeCoNiCr alloys of mean particle sizes around 140 and 120 mu m. In contrast, the addition of Nb in these alloys, viz. FeCoNiNb and FeCoNiNbCr alloys, formed mostly spherical with irregular morphologies of particle sizes ranging between 55 and 80 mu m. It was noticed that the low solubility of Cr caused precipitation at the grain boundaries of the alloy particles, and it contributed to the formation of hard structures of irregular and layered morphologies. The observed increase in the lattice parameters and lattice strain in the solid solution phases of all-alloy systems studied was mainly due to the lattice distortion and intense plastic deformations. The maximum saturation magnetization obtained from the room temperature hysteresis loops was 150.4 emu/g for the FeCoNi alloy after 10 h of milling. The additions of non-magnetic Cr, Nb, and both into FeCoNi, caused a significant decrease in the saturation magnetization. The coercivity of the as-milled alloys was also found to decrease with the reduction in the nano-crystallite sizes, which elucidated that the crystallite sizes of the alloys were smaller than the magnetic exchange length. The high-temperature magnetization curves revealed that all alloys studied had Curie temperature higher than 700 K.