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Öğe Cadmium Induced Changes on Growth Performance, Some Biochemical Parameters and Tissue in Broilers: Effects of Vitamin C and Vitamin E(Academic Journals Inc, 2011) Cinar, Miyase; Yigit, A. Arzu; Yalcinkaya, Ilkay; Oruc, Ertan; Duru, Ozkan; Arslan, MetinThis study was performed to determine the effects of vitamin C (vit C) and vitamin E (vit E) on growth performance, some biochemical parameters and tissue changes in broiler chickens exposed to cadmium (Cd). One hundred twenty, 1-day-old, Ross broiler chicks were divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates and fed with a basal diet (control) or the basal diet supplemented with 60 mg kg(-1) Cd, 60 mg kg(-1) Cd+400 mg kg(-1) vit C, or 60 mg kg(-1) Cd+250 mg kg(-1) vit E for 42 days. Body weight (BW), Body Weight Gain (BWG) and Feed Consumption (FC) were recorded and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated. Plasma were analysed for aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) activities and total protein, total cholesterol and creatinine levels. Cadmium significantly decreased the BW (p<0.001), BWG (p<0.001), FC (p<0.001) and FCR (p<0.05) compared with the control group. Regarding the same groups plasma and kidney Cd (p<0.001) and AST (p<0.05) and GGT activities (p<0.01) were increased. While growth performance were not affected in vit C and vit E supplementated group compared with the Cd-only group, these treatments reduced plasma Cd and GGT activities. Furthermore vit C was more effective in reducing Cd accumulation in kidneys and liver.Öğe Effect of Cocoa Butter and Sunflower Oil Supplementation on Performance, Immunoglobulin, and Antioxidant Vitamin Status of Rats(Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2014) Yildirim, Ebru; Cinar, Miyase; Yalcinkaya, Ilkay; Ekici, Husamettin; Atmaca, Nurgul; Guncum, EnesThis study investigated the effects of cocoa butter and sunflower oil alone and in combination on performance, some biochemical parameters, immunoglobulin, and antioxidant vitamin status in Wistar rats. Forty-eight male rats were assigned to four groups, consisting of 12 rats with 3 replicates. Control received balanced rat diet without oil, cocoa butter group received 3.5% cocoa butter, sunflower oil group received 3.5% sunflower oil, the last group received 1.75% sunflower oil + 1.75% cocoa butter supplementation in the rat diet for 8 weeks. The total feed consumption in sunflower oil group was statistically lower than in the other groups. The serum creatinine level was decreased in cocoa butter group compared to control. Triglyceride and VLDL cholesterol levels were decreased in only sunflower oil and only cocoa butter groups as compared to control. The level of Ig M was statistically lower in cocoa butter and cocoa butter + sunflower oil groups than in control and sunflower oil groups. There were no statistically important difference in vitamin concentrations among trial groups. It was concluded that the supplementation of cocoa butter in diet decreased Ig M level, while the supplementation of cocoa butter and sunflower oil alone decreased the triglyceride and VLDL cholesterol levels.Öğe The Effect of Organic Selenium and Vitamin E on Performance, Internal Organ Weight and Blood Parameters in Broiler Rations(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2010) Yalcinkaya, Ilkay; Gungor, Tulin; Basalan, Mehmet; Cinar, Miyase; Sacakli, PinarThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of rations containing organic selenium and Vitamin E on live weight, live weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, internal organ weights and blood parameters of broiler chicks. A total of 120, one day old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were used in this study. There were 4 treatment groups each containing 10 chicks of 3 replicates. The control group (K) was fed a basal diet without supplemented organic selenium (Se) and Vitamin E. Treatment groups were fed with 0.6 ppm organic selenium (Sel-Plex) (Se); 150 IU/kg Vitamin E (E) and 0.6 ppm organik selenium (Sel-Plex) + 150 IU Vitamin E (Se+E). The experiment lasted 42 days. There were no significant differences live weight, feed consumption, feed efficiency and relative internal organ weight among the groups (P>0.05). Serum vitamin E levels were higher in vitamin E (E) supplemented group than in other groups (P<0.05).Öğe The effect of prebiotic and organic zinc alone and in combination in broiler diets on the performance and some blood parameters(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2012) Yalcinkaya, Ilkay; Cinar, Miyase; Yildirim, Ebru; Erat, Serkan; Basalan, Mehmet; Gungor, TulinThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of prebiotic and organic zinc alone and in combination in broiler diets on the live weight gain (LWG), feed consumption (FC), feed consumption ratio (FCR), carcass yield, some relative organ weights and blood parameters. A total of 160 Ross 308 one-day old male chicks were assigned to 4 treatment groups with 4 replicates of 10 birds each. Treatment for each group consisted of: first group (control group) received basal diet without supplementation; second group received 1 g/kg Mannano ligosaccharide (MOS); third group received 80 mg/kg organic zinc (OZn); and fourth group received 80 mg/kg organic zinc + 1 g/kg Mannanoligosaccharide (MOS+OZn). The study lasted 42 days. The supplementation of MOS and OZn had no effect on the LWG, FC, FCR, carcass yield, serum aspartate aminotranferase, (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and triglyceride levels during the experiment (P>0.05). Relative organ weights (liver, spleen, pancreas) were significantly higher in OZn group than those in the other groups (P<0.001). There was a significant difference in serum total cholesterol and glucose levels between treatment groups and control group (P<0.001). Serum Zn and Fe levels were significantly lower in control group than those in OZn and MOS+OZn groups (P<0.001). The highest and the lowest Cu levels were in the MOS+OZn and control groups, respectively (P<0.001). These data suggest that OZn with MOS combination may have a beneficial effect on serum mineral level in broilers.Öğe Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Vitamin C and Vitamin E and Their Combination on Growth Performance, Some Biochemical Parameters, and Oxidative Stress Induced by Copper Toxicity in Broilers(Humana Press Inc, 2014) Cinar, Miyase; Yildirim, Ebru; Yigit, A. Arzu; Yalcinkaya, Ilkay; Duru, Ozkan; Kisa, Ucler; Atmaca, NurgulThis study investigated effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin C, vitamin E on performance, biochemical parameters, and oxidative stress induced by copper toxicity in broilers. A total of 240, 1-day-old, broilers were assigned to eight groups with three replicates of 10 chicks each. The groups were fed on the following diets: control (basal diet), vitamin C (250 mg/kg diet), vitamin E (250 mg/kg diet), vitamin C + vitamin E (250 mg/kg + 250 mg/kg diet), and copper (300 mg/kg diet) alone or in combination with the corresponding vitamins. At the 6th week, the body weights of broilers were decreased in copper, copper + vitamin E, and copper + vitamin C + vitamin E groups compared to control. The feed conversion ratio was poor in copper group. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase activities, iron, copper concentrations, and erythrocyte malondialdehyde were increased; plasma vitamin A and C concentrations and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase were decreased in copper group compared to control. Glutathione peroxidase, vitamin C, and iron levels were increased; aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and copper levels were decreased in copper + vitamin C group, while superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and vitamin E concentrations were increased; aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase were decreased in copper with vitamin E group compared to copper group. The vitamin C concentrations were increased; copper, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and malondialdehyde were decreased in copper + vitamin C + vitamin E group compared to copper group. To conclude, copper caused oxidative stress in broilers. The combination of vitamin C and vitamin E addition might alleviate the harmful effects of copper as demonstrated by decreased lipid peroxidation and hepatic enzymes.Öğe Effects of Mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) from Saccharomyces Cerevisiae on Some Internal, Gastrointestinal and Carcass Parameters in Broilers(Medwell Online, 2008) Yalcinkaya, Ilkay; Gungor, Tulin; Basalan, MehmetThe study was conducted to investigate the effects of MannanOligoSaccharide (MOS) on internal organ weights, pHs of Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) and carcass characteristics in broilers. A total of 120, 1-day-old Ross 308 (R) chicks were used in this study, Birds were assigned into four groups, each consisting three subgroups which are having 10 animals in them. The control group was fed a basal diet without supplemented MOS and the treatment groups were fed 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15% MOS in basal diet. MOS addition to the diet did not have any effect on carcass characteristics in broilers. Pancreas weight was significantly (p<0.05) lower in 0.10% MOS supplemented group than those in control group. The weight of bursa of fabricius in 0.05% MOS supplemented group was significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in control group. PHs in crops of animals in MOS supplemented groups was higher than (p<0.05) those in control group. MOS addition to the broiler diet did not alter carcass parameters although, supplementation increased pancreas weight and decreased the weight of bursa fabricius. Additionally MOS in diet altered the pH of the crop.Öğe The Effects of Yeast Glucomannan (Mycosorb) on Lipid Peroxidation and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidative Status in Experimentally Induced Aflatoxicosis in Broilers(Medwell Online, 2008) Cinar, Miyase; Yildirim, Ebru; Yalcinkaya, Ilkay; Eraslan, GoekhanThe aim of this study was to determine the effect of yeast glucomannan (Mycosorb), an aflatoxin binder, on lipid peroxidation and non-enzymatic antioxidative status in experimentally induced aflatoxicosis in broilers. Forty, I-day-old male broiler (Ross 308) chickens were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 birds each. The control group was fed a basal diet and the remaining groups received 0.75 g kg(-1) Mycosorb, 2 ppm Aflatoxin (AF) and 0.75 g kg(-1) Mycosorb +2 ppm Aflatoxin (AF) for 21 days. At the end of day 21, blood samples were collected and plasma Malondialdehyde (MDA), Ceruloplasmin (CP), albumin (alb), uric acid, vitamin A (vit A), beta-carotene, vitamin C (vit C) and vitamin E (vit E) levels were determined. Plasma MDA levels increased insignificantly and A levels decreased significantly in AF and AF+Mycosorb groups when compared to control and mycosorb groups. Plasma CP, vit A and beta-carotene levels decreased significantly in AF groups when compared to control. In AF and AF+Mycosorb group, significant decreases were determined in vit E levels when compared to control and in vit C levels when compared to mycosorb group. Plasma uric acid levels were not affected by these treatments. It is concluded that subacute dietary intake of AF altered nonenzymatic components (CP, alb, vit A, beta carotene, Vit E) of antioxidant defense systems and 0,75 g kg(-1) yeast glucomannan was not sufficient to ameliorate the oxidative damage caused by AF in broilers.Öğe Mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in broilers: Effects on performance and blood biochemistry(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey-Tubitak, 2008) Yalcinkaya, Ilkay; Guengoer, Tuelin; Basalan, Mehmet; Erdem, EvrenThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of mannan oligosaccharides (MOSs), which are commonly used as alternatives to antibiotics, on the growth performance and some blood parameters in broiler chickens. The study included 120 Ross 308 male broiler chicks (1-day-old at the beginning of the study). There were 4 treatment groups, each consisting of 3 replicates. MOSs were added at the level of 0.05%, 0.10%, and 0.15% to the starter and finisher diets. The experiment lasted 42 days. Body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not significantly different (P > 0.05) between MOS treatment groups during the experimental period (0-6 weeks). Serum triglyceride level was not influenced by dietary treatment (P > 0.05). However, the addition of MOSs significantly decreased AST (the highest level, P < 0.05) and ALT (all levels, P < 0.01) activity in the blood. Mean total cholesterol was significantly lower in the 0.05% MOS-fed group (P < 0.05) when compared to the remaining MOS treatment groups.Öğe The Smooth Muscle Contractility In Aflatoxicated Broiler Chicken Ileum(Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2013) Yildirim, Ebru; Aktuna, Zuhal; Yalcinkaya, Ilkay; Eraslan, Gokhan; Kanbur, Murat; Aydos, Tolga R.; Oruc, ErtanThis study was conducted to investigate the contractility of aflatoxicated isolated broiler ileum smooth muscles. Fourty-eight, one-day old broiler chicks were divided into 4 groups, each containing 12 chicks. The 1st group was the control group, the 2nd group received 1 g/kg yeast glucomannan (Mycosorb), the 3rd group received 2 mg/kg aflatoxin, and the 4th group received 1 g/kg yeast glucomannan + 2 mg/kg aflatoxin in the feed. At the 21st day of the study, chicks were decapitated and the ileum isolated. Decapitation lasted on 28th day of the study. The isolated ileum strips were mounted under a basal tension of 1 g. The contractions of acetylcholine (ACh), nicotine, and bethanechol were calculated as g contraction/mg wet weight of ileum. For histopathologic examination, ileum sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and masson trichrome. The isolated ileum muscle contractions with ACh, nicotine, and bethanechol were not statistically significant in the study groups as compared to control group (P>0.05). Pathological examination revealed no histopathological changes in the smooth muscle tissues of the study group chicks when compared with control group. It is concluded that aflatoxins do not specifically change the contractility of broiler chick ileum to agonists most likely due to lack of aflatoxin-induced pathologic changes in the broiler chick ileum.
