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Öğe 11-14 yaş futbolcularda, biyolojik olgunlaşmanın antropometrik, fonksiyonel özellikler ve spora özgü beceriler üzerindeki etkileri(Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, 2022) Yapici, Hakan; Doğan, Ali AhmetFutbolcuların performansı, büyüme sırasında antropometrik ve vücut kompozisyonu faktörlerinden etkilenebilir. Bu araştırmada, 11-14 yaş arası futbolcularda biyolojik olgunlaşmanın antropometrik, fonksiyonel özellikler ve spora özgü beceriler üzerindeki etkilerini tespit etmek amaçlanmıştır. Bu araştırmada yaşları ortalaması v= 13,08±1.1 yıl; boy: 158,1±9.7 cm, kilo = 47,1±9.7, VKI = 19,3±3.5 futbolcu (n=239), yer almıştır. Antropometrik özellikler (vücut ağırlığı, boy uzunluğu, oturma yüksekliği, bacak uzunluğu ve VKI) değerlendirilmiştir. Biyolojik olgunlaşma, zirve boy uzunluğu yükseklik hızının yaşı ile tahmin edildi. Biyolojik olgunlaşma yaşları Mirwald ve ark., formülü kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Fonksiyonel özellikleri (dikey sıçrama, 30 m sprint, 505 çeviklik, esneklik, mekik, şınav ve el kavrama kuvveti) ve spora özgü becerileri özelliklerinin belirlenmesi için (top kontrol, dripling ve toplu T-Dril test) ölçümler alınmıştır. IBM SPSS 25,0 programında elde edilen veriler analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen değerler dripling testi dışında bütün testlerde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı fark (p<0.01-0.05) bulunmuştur. Sonuç olarak, araştırmadan elde edilen sonuçlar incelendiğinde erken biyolojik olgunlaşan futbolcuların, zamanında biyolojik olgunlaşan ve geç biyolojik olgunlaşan futbolculara göre antropo metrik, fonksiyonel özellikler ve spora özgü becerilerde daha iyi olduğu görülmektedir. Araştırma bulgularının spor bilimciler, antrenörler, spor yöneticileri ve diğer paydaşlara önemli katkılar sağlayacağı, doğru antrenmanlar ile büyümeye ve gelişime katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Biyolojik Olgunlaşma, genç, futbol oyuncuları, motor performansÖğe Dose-response effects of 8-week resistance training on body composition and muscular performance in untrained young women: A quasi-experimental design(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2024) Ugurlu, Dondu; Gulu, Mehmet; Yapici, Hakan; Yagin, Fatma Hilal; Comertpay, Ertan; Eroglu, Oguz; Afonso, JoseBackground:The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 8-week resistance training with different training volumes on body composition, maximum strength, peak power, and muscle thickness in non-training women.Methods:This was a 3-arm, prospectively designed, randomized controlled trial. A total of 45 adult women aged 20.7 +/- 1 years, the mean heights of the participants were 166 +/- 0.07 cm, body weight was measured as 54.5 +/- 8.8 kg, and body mass index was 19.9 +/- 2.1 kg/m2. They were randomized to low-volume training resistance training (LVT; n = 15, 3 sessions of 12 exercises per week), moderate-volume training resistance training (MVT; n = 15; 4 sessions of 12 exercises per week), and high-volume resistance training (HVT; n = 15; 5 sessions of 12 exercises per week) for 8 weeks. The muscle thickness (MT) of the vastus lateralis was assessed at baseline and 8 weeks later using a portable ultrasound device.Results:A total of 39 adult women completed the study, with 2 participants from each group lost to follow-up. All experimental groups 1RM increased (P = .001, effect size (ES) = 0.463) All groups showed improved muscle thickness (MT) (P = .001) and CMJ (P = .004). The group x time interaction is statistically significant (P = .001) suggests that the changes in muscle thickness over time differ significantly between the different training volume groups (eta p(2)) is 0.368.Conclusion:In untrained young women, resistance training improved muscle hypertrophy, maximal strength, power, and body composition in untrained young women. However, 4 sessions MVT per week were superior to LVT and HVT sessions, suggesting a nonlinear dose-response relationship favoring moderate volume over low or high volumes, at least in previously untrained young women.Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT06449300)Öğe Effects of 12 Weeks of High-, Moderate-, and Low-Volume Training on Performance Parameters in Adolescent Swimmers(Mdpi, 2023) Karabiyik, Hakan; Gulu, Mehmet; Yapici, Hakan; Iscan, Furkan; Yagin, Fatma Hilal; Durmus, Tugay; Gurkan, OguzSwimming, an Olympic sport with diverse distances and energy systems, requires early specialization for elite success. High intensity interval training (HIIT) is a fundamental method used by swimmers to enhance performance, offering both aerobic and anaerobic benefits. This study aimed to examine the effects of a 12-week HIIT program with varying volumes on adolescent swimmers' performance parameters. A total of 50 participants were divided into three groups High Intensity Low Volume (HILV), Moderate Intensity Moderate Volume (MIMV), Low Intensity High Volume (LIHV), and their training sessions consisted of 10 sets with 60 s rest intervals between repetitions and 3 min rest intervals between sets. The intensity was determined based on a pre-test 100 m times. The results indicate significant improvements in anthropometric measurements, including weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), and body fat percentage, within each group, with no significant differences between groups. Swimming performance for various distances (50 m, 100 m, 200 m, and 800 m) showed significant temporal improvements in all groups, with stroke parameters such as stroke rate and length also exhibiting significant improvements (p < 0.05). Resting heart rate and swimming performance at 100 m and 200 m differed significantly between groups, highlighting the impact of training volume on specific outcomes. In conclusion, this study highlights the positive impact of interval training on the swimming time (50 m, 100 m, 200 m, and 800 m), stroke rate (SR), strokes per length (SPL), stroke length (SL), Borg scale (BS) for various distances, emphasizing the need for tailored training programs to maximize their development and potential.Öğe Evaluation of Recreational Areas in Ankara (Turkey) in Terms of Their Functionality and Demographic Characteristics of Their Users(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2021) Orhan, Rustem; Ayan, Sinan; Yapici, Hakan; Unver, RafetThis study aims to determine the demands and tendencies of individuals using recreational areas and parks in the central districts of Ankara. Individuals using recreational areas were given a questionnaire and asked to complete it on a voluntary basis. The findings were evaluated and interpreted according to the sub-dimensions of the scale.Öğe EVALUATION OF THE 12-WEEK MOVEMENT TRAINING PROGRAM IN TERMS OF MORPHOLOGICAL PROPERTIES AND MOTOR DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDREN: A RESEARCH IN CHILDREN AGED 7-9(Researchtrentz Acad Publ Education Services, 2022) Yapici, Hakan; Ugurlu, Dondu; Gulu, Mehmet; Emlek, Busra; Dogan, Ali AhmetIntroduction and Aim: Early childhood is the most important period for gaining basic movement skills and improving physical fitness parameters. Physical fitness level is a determinant of health an early age. Influencing one of the physical fitness parameters related to health or performance directly affects physical fitness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphological and motor development characteristics of children in the 12-week movement education program, and a research for 7-9 years old childhood was discussed. Material and Methods: A total of 116 male students aged 7-9 participated in the study. A 12-week movement training program was applied to the students participating in the research. Before starting this program, in order to measure morphological features as a pre-test, body fat ratio, height, body weight, body mass index (BMI), head circumference, neck circumference, chest circumference, abdominal circumference, Hip circumference measurements. On the other hand flexibility, horizontal jump, vertical jumping, push-ups, sit-ups, touching the discs, 10 meters sprint, Balance flamingo measurements were taken as a performance characteristics. The same measurements were taken again as a post-test after the 12-week movement training program was over. The data of the research were analyzed in IBM SPSS 25.0 program. The mean and standard deviation statistics of the data were calculated. The Shapiro-Wilk test was used to determine whether the data showed normal distribution, and because all variables showed normal distribution, the Repeated Measures ANOVA (intra-group and intergroup comparison) test was performed and the level of significance was stated as P<0.001. Results: When the morphological characteristics were evaluated, there was a significant difference in body weight and body fat percentage within the group, while no significant difference was found in other tests. In the comparison between the groups, a significant difference was found in all tests except body fat percentage. While a significant difference was detected in all tests within the group in performance tests, no significant difference was found between the groups in flexibility, push-ups, sit-ups and sprint values. Conclusion: 12-week movement-based exercise provided improvements in children's motor development and morphological features. Movement education is important for children's morphological characteristics and motor development.Öğe Exploring obesity, physical activity, and digital game addiction levels among adolescents: A study on machine learning-based prediction of digital game addiction(Frontiers Media Sa, 2023) Gulu, Mehmet; Yagin, Fatma Hilal; Gocer, Ishak; Yapici, Hakan; Ayyildiz, Erdem; Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Ardigo, Luca PaoloPrimary study aim was defining prevalence of obesity, physical activity levels, digital game addiction level in adolescents, to investigate gender differences, relationships between outcomes. Second aim was predicting game addiction based on anthropometric measurements, physical activity levels. Cross-sectional study design was implemented. Participants aged 9-14 living in Kirikkale were part of the study. The sample of the study consists of 405 adolescents, 231 girls (57%) and 174 boys (43%). Self-reported data were collected by questionnaire method from a random sample of 405 adolescent participants. To determine the physical activity levels of children, the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C). Digital Game addiction was evaluated with the digital game addiction (DGA) scale. Additionally, body mass index (BMI) status was calculated by measuring the height and body mass of the participants. Data analysis were performed using Python 3.9 software and SPSS 28.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, United States) package program. According to our findings, it was determined that digital game addiction has a negative relationship with physical activity level. It was determined that physical activity level had a negative relationship with BMI. In addition, increased physical activity level was found to reduce obesity and DGA. Game addiction levels of girl participants were significantly higher than boy participants, and game addiction was higher in those with obesity. With the prediction model obtained, it was determined that age, being girls, BMI and total physical activity (TPA) scores were predictors of game addiction. The results revealed that the increase in age and BMI increased the risk of DGA, and we found that women had a 2.59 times greater risk of DGA compared to men. More importantly, the findings of this study showed that physical activity was an important factor reducing DGA 1.51-fold. Our prediction model Logit (P) = 1/(1 + exp(-(-3.384 + Age*0.124 + Gender-boys*(-0.953) + BMI*0.145 + TPA*(-0.410)))). Regular physical activity should be encouraged, digital gaming hours can be limited to maintain ideal weight. Furthermore, adolescents should be encouraged to engage in physical activity to reduce digital game addiction level. As a contribution to the field, the findings of this study presented important results that may help in the prevention of adolescent game addiction.Öğe Exploring the Relationship between Biological Maturation Level, Muscle Strength, and Muscle Power in Adolescents(Mdpi, 2022) Yapici, Hakan; Gulu, Mehmet; Yagin, Fatma Hilal; Eken, Ozgur; Gabrys, Tomasz; Knappova, VeraSimple Summary Muscle strength increases with age, and the period in which the increase in muscle mass is highest is the growth and development period in adolescents. In this context, the improvement of muscle power and muscle strength in adolescents can be achieved with the development of simple motor skills. Research on the relationship between biological maturation, muscle strength, and muscle power was limited in adolescents, and this research will make an important contribution to the literature. In this research, the relationship between biological maturation and muscle strength and power was investigated. In conclusion, biological maturation was found to be significantly associated with muscle strength and power in adolescents. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between adolescents' biological maturation level and their muscle power, as well as their overall muscle strength. Overall, 691 adolescents (414 boys and 277 girls) aged 12.01-11.96 (measured for body mass, body height as well as vertical jump, muscle power, and muscle strength). There was a statistically significant difference in terms of average right and left grip strength, vertical jump, and power in the late maturation group. For the body height and vertical jump averages in male adolescents, it was observed that the body height and vertical jump averages in the late group were significantly lower than in the early and on-time maturation groups. For female adolescents' chronological age, sitting height, body mass, BMI, left and right grip strength, and power averages were found to be significantly higher compared with the on-time group (p < 0.05). It was established that biological maturation has a substantial link with vertical jump height and power, as well as grip strength on the right and left hands.Öğe Investigation of obesity, eating behaviors and physical activity levels living in rural and urban areas during the covid-19 pandemic era: a study of Turkish adolescent(Bmc, 2022) Gulu, Mehmet; Yapici, Hakan; Mainer-Pardos, Elena; Alves, Ana Ruivo; Nobari, HadiBackground The purpose of this study was to determine the eating behaviors, obesity and physical activity status of children of similar ages living in rural and urban areas and to examine these relationships during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic process. Method The research was conducted using the scanning model. The research group consists of children living in rural and urban areas in Turkey. The sample of the study consists of a total of 733 adolescent participants, 351 females (47.9%) and 382 males (52.1%). After anthropometric measurements were made, the Physical Activity Questionnaire for older children and the Yale Food Addiction Scale for children 2.0 were used to determine the food addiction and physical activity status of children during the COVID19 pandemic process. Since the groups were homogeneously distributed, independent samples t-test and Pearson correlation test were used. Result In terms of food addiction and physical activity levels, children living in the urban have higher scores than children living in rural areas. In addition, children living in the urban were taller and have higher body mass values than those in rural areas. In terms of physical activity level and food addiction levels, while girls living in the urban had higher activity levels than those living in rural areas, no statistically significant difference was found between the physical activity levels of boys. When evaluated in terms of general and gender, it was determined that children living in rural areas were overweight and obese at a higher rate. Obese children had higher levels of food addiction and lower physical activity levels than non-obese children. Conclusion In order to prevent childhood obesity, the level of food addiction should be reduced as well as increasing the level of physical activity. This study is limited in terms of cross-sectional evaluation. Future research can experimentally reveal how much obesity is reduced by methods such as exercise and diet interventions.Öğe Investigation of sports participation motivation in people with disabilities: a cross-sectional study of individuals with physical and hearing impairments(Bmc, 2024) Ayyildiz, Erdem; Aras, Dicle; Yagin, Fatma Hilal; Gulu, Mehmet; Yapici, Hakan; Alwhaibi, ReemWhile reading the literature, it is seen that there are not enough studies on the motivation of disabled individuals to participate in sports. This study aims to examine the sports participation motivations of hearing impaired and physically disabled athletes. This study was a cross-sectional study. The research group of the study consists of physically and hearing-impaired individuals between the ages of 18-47. The participants of this research group consisted of 253 volunteer disabled individuals, 150 of whom were men and 103 of whom were women. Sports participation motivation scale was used for disabled individuals. The scale consists of 3 dimensions and is a 5-point Likert type. The results of the study showed that hearing-impaired people have a higher high school rate and physically person with disability have a higher bachelor's degree rate, but the primary education rate did not change between hearing and physically person with disability. Physical activity participation differed between hearing and physically person with disability, and it was observed that hearing-impaired people participated in more physical activities. The level of well-being of the physically disabled was significantly better than the hearing impaired. As conclusion, it is observed that the people with the lowest motivation to participate in sports are primary school graduates and those with high welfare have a high motivation to participate in sports.Öğe Is early or late biological maturation trigger obesity? A machine learning modeling research in Turkey boys and girls(Frontiers Media Sa, 2023) Gulu, Mehmet; Yagin, Fatma Hilal; Yapici, Hakan; Irandoust, Khadijeh; Dogan, Ali Ahmet; Taheri, Morteza; Szura, EwaBiological maturation status can affect individual differences, sex, height, body fat, and body weight in adolescents and thus may be associated with obesity. The primary aim of this study was to examine the relationship between biological maturation and obesity. Overall, 1,328 adolescents (792 boys and 536 girls) aged 12.00 +/- 0.94-12.21 +/- 0.99 years, respectively (measured for body mass, body stature, sitting stature). Body weights were deter-mined with Tanita body analysis system and adolescent obesity status was calculated according to the WHO classification. Biological maturation was determined according to the somatic maturation method. Our results showed that boys mature 3.077-fold later than girls. Obesity was an increasing effect on early maturation. It was determined that being obese, overweight and healthy-weight increased the risk of early maturation 9.80, 6.99 and 1.81-fold, respectively. The equation of the model predicting maturation is: Logit (P) = 1/(1 + exp. (- (-31.386 + sex-boy * (1.124) + [chronological age = 10] * (-7.031) + [chronological age = 11] * (-4.338) + [chronological age = 12] * (-1.677) + age * (-2.075) + weight * 0.093 + height * (-0.141) + obesity * (-2.282) + overweight * (-1.944) + healthy weight * (-0.592)))). Logistic regression model predicted maturity with 80.7% [95% CI: 77.2-84.1%] accuracy. In addition, the model had a high sensitivity value (81.7% [76.2-86.6%]), which indicates that the model can successfully distinguish adolescents with early maturation. In conclusion, sex and obesity are independent predictors of maturity, and the risk of early maturation is increased, especially in the case of obesity and in girls.Öğe MATURITY-ASSOCIATED VARIATIONS IN ANTHROPOMETRY, PHYSICAL FITNESS, AND SPORT-SPECIFIC SKILLS AMONG YOUNG MALE AND FEMALE FUTSAL PLAYERS(Termedia Publishing House Ltd, 2022) Sogut, Mustafa; Yapici, Hakan; Luz, Leonardo G. O.; Giudicelli, Bruno; Clemente, Filipe Manuel; Dogan, Ali AhmetPurpose. The aim of this study was to determine the maturity -related variations in anthropometry, physical fitness, and sport -specific skills among young male and female futsal players. Methods. Overall, 77 athletes (44 boys and 33 girls) aged 10.5-13.7 (12.3 +/- 0.9) years were measured for stature, body mass, 2 skinfolds, as well as 3 fitness and 2 sport -specific test items. Results. Compared with boys, girls were significantly more advanced in maturation and had greater body mass index and body fat percentage. Except for the countermovement jump result, boys outperformed girls in all fitness and sport -skill assessments. Regardless of gender, early maturing players were significantly taller and heavier and had higher body fat percentage and grip strength than their late maturing counterparts. In boys, none of the other physical fitness and sport -specific skill measures significantly differed between contrasting maturity groups. In turn, early maturing girls had significantly better scores in all physical fitness measurements than late maturing girls. Partial correlations, with chronological age controlled as a covariate, indicated moderate to high correlations between the maturation indicator and stature and body mass in both boys and girls. Except for grip strength and dribbling tests for boys and girls, respectively, other physical fitness and sport -specific skill measures did not show a significant correlation with maturity status. Conclusions. These results highlight that rather than with functional and sport -specific characteristics, physical maturity status may be associated with greater body size in young futsal players.Öğe Reliability and Validity of a New Test of Agility and Skill for Female Amateur Soccer Players(De Gruyter Open Ltd, 2017) Kutlu, Mehmet; Yapici, Hakan; Yilmaz, AbdullahThe aim of this study was to evaluate the Agility and Skill Test, which had been recently developed to assess agility and skill in female athletes. Following a 10 min warm-up, two trials to test the reliability and validity of the test were conducted one week apart. Measurements were collected to compare soccer players' physical performance in a 20 m sprint, a T-Drill test, the Illinois Agility Run Test, change-of-direction and acceleration, as well as agility and skill. All tests were completed following the same order. Thirty-four amateur female soccer players were recruited (age = 20.8 +/- 1.9 years; body height = 166 +/- 6.9 cm; body mass = 55.5 +/- 5.8 kg). To determine the reliability and usefulness of these tests, paired sample t-tests, intra-class correlation coefficients, typical error, coefficient of variation, and differences between the typical error and smallest worthwhile change statistics were computed. Test results showed no significant differences between the two sessions (p > 0.01). There were higher intra-class correlations between the test and retest values (r = 0.94-0.99) for all tests. Typical error values were below the smallest worthwhile change, indicating `good' usefulness for these tests. A near perfect Pearson correlation between the Agility and Skill Test (r = 0.98) was found, and there were moderate-to-large levels of correlation between the Agility and Skill Test and other measures (r = 0.37 to r = 0.56). The results of this study suggest that the Agility and Skill Test is a reliable and valid test for female soccer players and has significant value for assessing the integrative agility and skill capability of soccer players.Öğe The effect of 8-weeks of combined resistance training and chocolate milk consumption on maximal strength, muscle thickness, peak power and lean mass, untrained, university-aged males(Frontiers Media Sa, 2023) Yapici, Hakan; Gulu, Mehmet; Yagin, Fatma Hilal; Ugurlu, Dondu; Comertpay, Ertan; Eroglu, Oguz; Kocoglu, MelikeThe overarching aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of chocolate milk consumption (500 mL) with 8-week of resistance training on muscle hypertrophy, body composition, and maximal strength in untrained healthy men. A total of 22 Participants were randomly divided into two experimental groups: combined resistance training (3 sessions per week for 8 weeks) and chocolate milk consumptions (include 30 g protein) Resistance Training Chocolate Milk (RTCM) (Age: 20.9 +/- 0.9 years old) and resistance training (RT) only (Age: 19.8 +/- 0.7 years old). Muscle thickness (MT), using a portable ultrasound, body composition, body mass, maximal strength (one repetition maximum (1 RM), counter movement jump (CMJ) and peak power (PP) were determined at baseline and 8 weeks later. In the RTCM, finding showed a significant improvement in the outcomes compared to the RT group, besides the main effect of time (pre and post). The 1 RM total increased by 36.7% in RTCM group compared to 17.6% increased in the RT group (p < 0.001). Muscle thickness increased by 20.8% in the RTCM group and 9.1% in the RT group (p < 0.001). In the RTCM group, the PP increased by 37.8% compared to only 13.8% increase in the RT group (p = 0.001). The group*time interaction effect was significant for MT, 1RM, CMJ, and PP (p < 0.05), and it was observed that the RTCM and the 8-week resistance training protocol maximized performance. Body fat percentage (%) decreased more in the RTCM (18.9%) group than in the RT (6.7%) group (p = 0.002). In conclusion, chocolate milk (500 mL) with high protein content consumed in addition to resistance training provided superior gains in terms of MT, 1 RM, body composition, CMJ, and PP. The finding of the study demonstrated the positive effect of casein-based protein (chocolate milk) and resistance training on the muscle performance. Chocolate milk consumption has a more positive effect on muscle strength when combined with RT and should be considered as a suitable post-exercise nutritional supplement. Future research could be conducted with a larger number of participants of different ages and longer study durations.
