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    Analyzing the differential effects of COVID-19 on export flows: a focus on customs procedures
    (Springer, 2024) Derindag, Omer Faruk; Yasar, Zaim Reha; Aslan, Caglayan; Parmaksiz, Salih
    COVID-19 has not only dramatically affected the ordinary course of social life, but also caused an idiosyncratic downturn in the global economy and created multidimensional effects on international trade and Cross-Border E-Commerce merchandise flows. This paper provides unique empirical evidence of how the consequences of the pandemic have distinctively diverged on conventional and simplified customs clearance, which includes Cross-Border E-Commerce orders, differed significantly. The Difference-in-differences (DiD) and Causal Inference estimates for the 2019:01-2021:06 interval suggest that simplified customs clearance shows more resilience to COVID-19 effects relative to conventional customs clearance and reduces the negative impact of COVID-19 influences on export performance in the case of Turkey. The fundamental outcomes remain consistent when the sample includes emerging markets and when the analysis employs the export of consumer goods as opposed to total exports in the conventional mode. Overall, the findings highlight the significant role of E-Commerce and simplified customs processes in enhancing export performance.
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    Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Exports in Türkiye: Evidence from ARDL Model
    (Istanbul Univ, 2024) Yasar, Zaim Reha
    T & uuml;rkiye is a country in which the COVID-19 pandemic has deeply affected export performance. The aim of this paper is to analyse the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Turkish export performance using different variables indicating the severity of the COVID-19 effects. The effect of COVID-19 on T & uuml;rkiye's export performance is empirically analysed with the ARDL approach by employing time series data covering the 2013:q1-2022:q1 period. The estimation results of the six models indicate that COVID-19 does not affect Turkish export performance in the long term, whereas its lagged variables have negative and significant effects in the short term. Foreign income has positive and statistically significant effects on export volumes in both the short and long term. The exchange rate significantly and negatively affects export flows in both the short and long term. The results of this paper are robust against different types of COVID-19 proxies. COVID-19 has negative effects on exports in the short run for T & uuml;rkiye's economy. The results indicate that policymakers should consider the lagged effects of variables in addition to the current version. The findings also show the recommendation that short- and long-run estimations should be conducted to determine the short- and long-run relations.
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    Low carbon energy and its role in reducing the energy poverty: A case study of China
    (Elsevier, 2024) Li, Muchen; Chang, Bisharat Hussain; Yasar, Zaim Reha; Carrick, Jon; Chen, Shang
    The global shift towards low-carbon energy systems is accelerating, driven by initiatives like Green Deals that offer significant techno-economic advantages. However, the transformation of energy infrastructure involves complex socio-technical challenges, particularly when integrating principles of energy justice into energy policy. This study addresses these challenges by examining the concept of just transitions, which aims to align decarbonization efforts with goals of social justice and equality. This research specifically focuses on the issue of energy poverty, defined as the lack of access to adequate energy services, and propose that addressing this issue is essential for equitable energy transitions. Through a theoretical framework, this study analyzes three scenarios of evolving energy infrastructure, illustrating how cross-sectoral strategies can effectively reduce energy poverty while promoting sustainable development. Our findings reveal that prioritizing energy justice not only enhances social welfare but also supports the broader objectives of decarbonization. The research underscores the importance of inclusive energy policies that address both environmental and social dimensions, ensuring that the benefits of low-carbon transitions are equitably distributed. By integrating the insights with contemporary energy policy and socio-equity perspectives, the present study offers thick recommendations to policymakers and points toward directions in which further research is required to bring about an equitable and sustainable energy transition.