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Öğe Antimicrobial activity of endemic Crataegus tanacetifolia (Lam.) Pers and observation of the inhibition effect on bacterial cells(Wiley, 2008) Benli, Mehlika; Yigit, Nazife; Geven, Fatmaguel; Güney, Kerim; Bingöl, ÜmitUp to now an increasing number of antibiotic-resistant bacteria have been reported and thus new natural therapeutic agents are needed in order to eradicate these pathogens. Through the discovery of plants such as Crataegus tanacetifolia (Lam.) Pets that have antimicrobial activity, it will be possible to discover new natural drugs serving as chemotherapeutic agents for the treatment of nosocomial pathogens and take these antibiotic-resistant bacteria under control. The objective of the present study was to determine antimicrobial activity and the activity mechanism of C. tanacetifolia plant extract. The leaves of C. tanacetifolia, which is an endemic plant, were extracted using methanol and tested against 10 bacterial and 4 yeast strains by using a drop method. It was observed that the plant extract had antibacterial effects on Bacillus subtilis, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes among the microorganisms that were tested. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results obtained at the end of an incubation of 24 h were found to be >= 6.16 mg ml(-1) for B. subtilis, <394 mg ml(-1) for Shigella, and >= 3.08 mg ml(-1) for L. monocytogenes and S. aureus and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were found as >= 24.63 mg ml(-1) for B. subtilis, >= 394 mg ml(-1) for Shigella, >= 6.16 mg ml(-1) for L. monocytogenes, and >= 98.5 mg ml(-1) for S. aureus. According to the MBC results, it was found that the plant extract had bactericidal effects and in order to explain the activity mechanism and cell deformation of bacterial strains treated with plant extract, the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used. The results of SEM showed that the treated cells appeared shrunken and there was degradation of the cell walls. This study, in which the antibacterial effect of C tanacetifolia was demonstrated, will be a base for further investigations on advanced purification and effect mechanism of action of its active compounds. Copyright (C) 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.Öğe Antimicrobial activity of some endemic plant species from Turkey(Academic Journals, 2007) Benli, Mehlika; Güney, Kerim; Bingöl, Ümit; Geven, Fatmagül; Yigit, NazifeSix plant extracts obtained from different parts such as the leaves, flowers and seeds of four species of the endemic plants in Turkey were tested on a total of 14 microorganisms, 10 of which were bacterial strains and 4 yeast strains. Verbascum eriocarpum (flower) extract was found to be effective against Staphylococcus aureus; Stachys cretica subsp. anatolica (leaf and flower) and Heracleum paphlagonicum (seed) extracts were found to be effective against Bacillus subtilis; and Alcea apterocarpa (seed and sepal) extract was found to be effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. No antimicrobial activity was observed in Heracleum paphlagonicum (leaf) and Alcea apterocarpa (leaf) plant extracts. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of the plant extracts were calculated to be between >= 0.859 mg/ml and >= 110.5 mg/ml and the minimum bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) values were calculated to be between >= 3.44 mg/ml and >= 132 mg/ml.Öğe Antimicrobial activity of various extracts of Ocimum basilicum L. and observation of the inhibition effect on bacterial cells by use of scanning electron microscopy(African Networks Ethnomedicines, 2008) Kaya, Ilhan; Yigit, Nazife; Benli, MehlikaThe antimicrobial activities of chloroform, acetone and two different concentrations of methanol extracts of Ocimum basilicum L. were studied. These extracts were tested in vitro against 10 bacteria and 4 yeasts strains by the disc diffusion method. The results indicated that the methanol extracts of O. basilucum exhibited the antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms. While the chloroform and acetone extracts had no effect, the methanol extracts showed inhibition zones against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sp., Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and two different strains of Escherichia coli. The cells of microorganisms, which were treated and untreated with plant extracts, were observed by using the scanning electron microscope. It was observed that the treated cells were damaged.Öğe Comparative cheliceral morphology of the solifuge species Biton zederbaueri (Werner) and Gluviopsilla discolor (Kraepelin) through scanning electron microscopy (Arachnida: Solifugae: Daesiidae)(Max Kasparek Verlag, 2011) Bayram, Abdullah; Yigit, Nazife; Erdek, Melek; Koc, Halil; Sancak, Zafer; Melekoglu, Abdullah; Ocal, Ilkay CorakA detailed comparative morphology of the male chelicerae of Biton zederbaueri (Werner) and Gluviopsilla discolor (Kraepelin) is presented using stereo microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The morphology of the cheliceral teeth, setae, flagella and some other organs such as the stridulatory organ that are used for description and identification are described and illustrated. The flagella are membranous, but their shapes arc different in both species. The stridulatory organs are similar in both daesiids, being reniform and with seven ridges. On the chelicerae, numerous long-thin, short-thin and short-thick setae are characteristic for both species.Öğe External morphology of the male harvestman Phalangium opilio (Arachnida: Opiliones)(Entomological Society America, 2007) Yigit, Nazife; Bayram, Abdullah; Çorak, Ilkay; Danışman, TarıkIn opilionids, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies are necessary to identify the characters of taxonomic and systematic importance. Such studies are needed especially for understanding the functional anatomy and morphology of opilionids. in Turkey, Phalangium opilio L., Phalangium pareissi Roewer, Phalangium punctipes (L. Koch), Phalangium savignyi Audouin, and Phalangium strandi Nosek are known. There are no SEM studies on P. opilio. In this study, cuticular setae, hairs, and denticles on the segments of legs, pedipalpus, and chelicerae of P. opilio are described. Also, the description and SEM pictures of the dorsal integument and articulations, chelicerae, pedipalpus, and legs of the male specimens are given. Some of these structures will probably prove to be of diagnostic value for P. opilio.Öğe Fine Structure of Venom Glands of the Scorpion Mesobuthus gibbosus (BRULLE, 1832) (Scorpiones: Buthidae)(Inst Zoology, Bulgarian Acad Sciences, 2009) Yigit, Nazife; Benli, MehlikaThe objective of the present study was to describe the functional morphology, histology, and ultrastructure of venom glands of Mesobuthus gibbosus (BRULLE, 1832) for the first time using a light microscope, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The venom glands are situated in the last segment of the metasoma, named the telson. The telson contains a pair of venom glands equal in size and shape. The two glands are segregated within the bulbous base of the telson by striated muscular bundles, and the outer surface of the venom glands is surrounded by a cuticle. An internal layer constitutes the secretory epithelium. This epithelium is made up of simple and columnar cells. The nucleus and organelles involved in synthetic activity of the cell are situated in the basal portion of the cells. In the apical portion of the cells near the gland lumen, there are many secretory granules of different sizes, shapes, and electron densities. All types of secretory materials are located in vesicles limited by the biomembranes.Öğe Functional morphology of the venom apparatus of the funnel spider, Agelena gracilens (Araneae : Agelenidae) from Turkey(Amer Entomol Soc, 2007) Yigit, Nazife; Bayram, Abdullah; Danışman, Tarık; Sancak, ZaferThe funnel-web spider, Agelena gracilens Koch C. L., 1841 is widely distributed throughout Middle Europe, Mediterranean countries, and Middle Asia. The aim of this study is to describe the functional morphology of the venom apparatus in A. gracilens using scanning electron microscopy. The organization of the venom apparatus of A. gracilens follows the general structure of the venom apparatus ofother spiders. The venom apparatus is situated anteriorly in the prosoma and it is composed of a pair of chelicerae and venom glands. Each chelicera consists of a Stout basal and a movable apical (fang) segments. The fang rests in a furrow on the basal segment and it narrows apically. There are parallel fine grooves on the surface ofthe fang. To eject the venom, a venom pore is located on the subterminal part of the fang. The venom glands of A. gracilens are of equal size and tubular. Each gland is Surrounded by a bulky muscular layer. Also, neurons innervate the surface of the venom gland by SEM.Öğe An Investigation on the antimicrobial activity of some endemic plant species from Turkey(Academic Journals, 2008) Benli, Mehlika; Bingol, Umit; Geven, Fatmagul; Guney, Kerim; Yigit, NazifeIn this study performed on six endemic plant species, antimicrobial activity was observed in Campanula lyrata subsp. lyrata and Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmuelleriana plants. The minimum inhibitory concentration of C. lyrata subsp. lyrata (leaf and flower) extract was found to be >= 29 mg/ml for Baccillus subtilis and >= 14.5 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus, and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of Abies nordmanniana subsp. bornmuelleriana (leaf) extract was found to be > 314 mg/ml for B. subtilis and when minimum bacteriocidal concentration (MBC) results were evaluated, it was observed that the plant extracts had bacteriocidal effects. No antimicrobial activity was observed in the other plant extracts, namely, Onosma bornmuelleri (leaf-flower), Dianthus balansae (leaf-flower), Alyssum pateri subsp. pateri (seed) and Scabiosa columbaria subsp. paphlagonica (leaf) extracts that were tested.Öğe Loxosceles: A Case Healed Completely Without Any Necrotic Tissue by Emergency Department and Review of the Literature(Aves, 2013) Gulalp, Betul; Kayipmaz, Afsin Emre; Altinors, Mehmet Nur; Sancak, Zafer; Yigit, NazifeThe most common finding of Loxosceles biting is a progresive ulcerous dermanecrosis. The responsible dermonecrotic factor found in the venom is Sphingomyelinase D. Poison effects are indicated by coagulation and occlusion which are the initial triggers of tissue necrosis in small capillaries. A 28 year old female patient was admitted after being bitten by a brown spider 3-4 hours earlier while putting on her shoes in the morning. There was a finding wit t a local inflammation on the medial proximal part of the right second toe. The following day, there was a medium grade edema reaching to the ankle, a large lesion colored in red-purple with undetermined borders and increased temperature on palpation. On the first day of hospitalization, RDW was 15.50, WBC was 11.20, neutrophil was 79.80%, lymphocyte was 11.30% on CBC, CRP was 16, CPK was 455, LDH was 78 whereas the parameters of sedimentation, PT, PTT, blood gas were in normal ranges. An x-ray of the foot was taken. Stabilization and elevation of the extremity were provided. She was hospitalized due to Loxosceles poisoning in the Emergency Department for 5 days. The conservative treatment with fluid, antibiotics, corticosteroid, antiinflamatory drugs were initiated. The foot healed with a minimal pigmented dermal finding without any complication of tissue necrosis on the fourth week. The patient without any significant initial complaints and findings in insect bites should not confuse the clinician. The importance of observation of these patients is clear for control of probable complications and misdiagnosis cases.Öğe Morphological characterization of the venom apparatus in the wolf spider Lycosa singoriensis (Laxmann, 1770)(Cevap-Unesp, 2009) Yigit, Nazife; Bayram, Abdullah; Danışman, Tarık; Sancak, Zafer; Tel, M. G.The wolf spider Lycosa singoriensis (Laxmann, 1770) (Lycosidae: Araneae) is distributed throughout central and eastern Europe, including Russia, Kazakhistan and Turkey. This study describes the venom apparatus morphology of L. singoriensis through scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Its structure follows the general architecture observed in other spiders. Generally, a venom apparatus is composed by a pair of venom glands and chelicerae. L. singoriensis chelicerae are robust and consist of a stout basis and a movable apical segment (fang). The fang rests in a groove on the basal segment that is covered by different types of hair. L. singoriensis venom glands present equal size and measure about 4 mm in length. Each gland is enclosed by irregular muscular layers.Öğe Morphological Comparison of the Malleoli (Racquet Organs) in Biton zederbaueri and Gluviopsilla Discolor (Daesiidae, Solifugae)(Amer Entomol Soc, 2012) Yigit, Nazife; Erdek, Melek; Koc, Halil; Melekoglu, AbdullahThe detailed morphology of the malleoli in two male solfugids, Biton zederbaueri (Werner, 1905) and Gluviopsilla discolor (Kraepelin, 1899), (Daesiidae, Solifugae) arc described and illustrated. This study was performed using stereo and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Solifuges have five pairs of malleoli on the ventral surface of the fourth pair of legs of both sexes, as distinct from other arachnids. Malleolar sensory systems function as mechanoreceptors and chemoreceptors. A malleolus consists of two parts: a basal stalk and a triangular fan. There are epicuticular protrusions on the anterior face of each fan, and there are granular/vesicular structures on each stalk. Also, there are waved surfaces on the distal of the fan. This is the first study on the morphology of malleoli in solifuges in Turkey.Öğe Necrotic arachnidism of the eyelid due to Loxosceles rufescens spider bite(Informa Healthcare, 2011) Bajin, Meltem Soylev; Arikan, Gul; Parlak, Melih; Tuncok, Yesim; Yigit, Nazife; Durak, Ismet; Saatci, Ali OsmanA 69-year-old woman was awakened with redness and swelling of the left upper eyelid a few days before her presentation. She also noticed a dead spider on her bed. Ophthalmic examination revealed severe left periorbital hyperemia, edema and a wide necrotic area on the upper eyelid. Systemic condition of the patient was well. She was hospitalized with the diagnosis of necrotic arachnidism of the left upper eyelid. Systemic corticosteroid and antibiotic treatment was commenced. No surgical intervention was carried out. A week later, whole upper eyelid was covered with a black eschar. This black eschar shrank with time, and it detached completely within 8 weeks and the lesion healed without a disfiguring scar. Meanwhile, the offending spider was identified as Loxosceles rufescens. Although rare, eyelid may be a biting site for Loxosceles spiders and a favorable result may be obtained with conservative management.Öğe The antibacterial activity of hemolymph of spider, Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae: Agelenidae)(Kastamonu Univ, Orman Fak, 2008) Yigit, Nazife; Benli, MehlikaSince the number of microorganisms which are resistant to antibiotics have been increasing steadily, the need for treating these pathogens requires novel and efficacious antimicrobial agents, both in medicine and in agriculture. In our study, the hemolymph of Agelena labyrinthica (Clerck, 1757) (Araneae: Agelenidae) which is considered as an alternative resource for antibiotics, was tested against ten bacterial strains, and it was found that five out of ten strains were sensitive to hemolymph. The sensitive bacterial strains were Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus. Our results showed that spider hemolymph had antibacterial effects. This is the first study about antibacterial effects of A. labyrinthica's hemolymph.Öğe THE COMPARATIVE PROTEIN PROFILES OF VENOM AND VENOM GLAND EXTRACTS OF AGELENA LABYRINTHICA (ARANEAE: AGELENIDAE)(Gazi Univ, 2005) Yigit, NazifeSpider venoms are biologically active substances which affect a variety of vital physiological functions in both insects and mammals. The major constituents of spider venoms are protein, polypeptide and polyamine neurotoxins, enzymes, nucleic acids, free amino acids, monoamines and inorganic salts. The identification of the proteins in spider venoms is an essential step for identification of venom. In this study, we compared with protein profiles of Agelena labyrinthica venom obtained by electrostimulation of the prosoma and extracted directly from gland. There were seven components identified in whole venom, when whole venom and venom gland extracts composition of A. labyrinthica were compared by SDS-PAGE.
