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Öğe The investigation of chicken anemia virus and its antibody existence in commercial broiler and broiler(Chartered Inst. of Building Services Engineers, 2011) Aşkar S.; Yildirim M.The goals of this study were to investigate the antibody existence of chicken anemia virus (CAV) in vaccinated and non-vaccinated broiler breeder flocks and to monitor the course of CAV maternal antibody, to investigate the existence of anti-CAV antibody, CAV VP1 and VP2 genes in commercial broiler flocks which were the progenies of broiler breeder flocks. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used in the study. Between June 2008 and February 2009, 218 blood serum samples were obtained from 6 vaccinated and 6 non-vaccinated broiler breeder flocks with different ages. A total of 2074 serum and 1916 tissues samples were also obtained from 32 commercial broiler flocks. The vaccinated and non-vaccinated broiler breeder flocks were CAV seropositive and mean antibody titers of vaccinated and non-vaccinated broiler breeder flocks were not statistically different. In commercial broiler flocks, the rates of maternal antibodies were detected between 98 - 100%, 5 - 60%, and 0 - 15% in flocks with a day and a week old, with two weeks old, and with three weeks old, respectively. The anti-CAV antibody existence were detected at the rate of 62.5 and 93.8% in 8 commercial broiler flocks with four weeks old and 16 commercial broiler flocks with five weeks old of vaccinated broiler breeder flocks, respectively. CAV VP1 and VP2 genes were detected in 25% of three weeks old, 37.5% four weeks old flocks of 8 commercial broilers and in 37.5% of five weeks old flocks of 16 commercial broilers of vaccinated broiler breeder flocks. However, no CAV antibody, CAV VP1 and VP2 genes were detected in 8 commercial broiler flocks of non-vaccinated broiler breeder flocks.Öğe On the canonical extension of a differentiable manifold(Birkhauser Verlag Basel, 2000) Yildirim M.; Esin E.In this paper, the differential geometry of second canonical extension 2M of a differentiable manifold M is studied. Some vector fields tangent to 2M in TTM are determined. In addition we obtain that the second canonical extensions of M and a totally geodesic submanifold in M are totally geodesic submanifolds in TTM and 2M respectively. © Birkhauser Verlag, 2000.Öğe The relationship of Coxiella burnetii seropositmty between farm animals and their owners: A pilot study(2010) Dogru A.K.; Yildirim M.; Unal N.; Gazyagci S.Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by Coxiella burnetii. This study aimed to detect the relationship of C. burnetii seropositivity between farm animal owners and their animals. Blood serums of 20 farm animal owners, 32 cow and 88 sheep were investigated with indirect Immuno Fluorescent Assay (IFA) using C. burnetii phase I and II antigens. Milk samples of the same animals were tested for C. burnetii by PCR. The serological test results of animals and their owners were compared by statistically methods to reveal the interdependence and correlations. The seropositivities of IgG antibodies against C. burnetii were 90.0% for farm animal owners, 53.1% for cows and 63.6% for sheep. All of the animal owners were consuming dairy products made from their own animals raw milk. However, as shown by PCR results, none of the tested cows and sheep were responsible for shedding of C. burnetii through their milks. Although, there was no correlation between the shedding pattern and serological results of animals, there was a significant correlation between the serological results of animals and their owners for both phase I and II antigens against C. burnetii. There are statistically important relationships between farm animals and their owners about phase I and phase II IgG titration levels against C. burnetii. Moreover, there was close dependency between the presence of chronic C. burnetii infections in animals and their owners. On the other hand, serological results of milk samples are not in significant correlation with the serologically dependency of animals and their owners. © Medwell Journals, 2010.Öğe Solation of a vanA positive Enterococcus faecium from commercial broiler farms in Turkey(2010) Ünal N.; Dilik Z.; Yildirim M.In this study, the vanA gene indicating Vancomisin Resistance Enterococcus (VRE) was ascertained from swab samples (n=400) collected from commercial broiler farms. VRE was isolated only from a single sample and identified as Enterococcus faecium by the biochemical tests. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin was determined as >256 ?g/ml by E- test. Furthermore, the vanA gene was detected by PCR.
