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Zinc Ameliorates Nogo-A Receptor and Osteocalcin Gene Expression in Memory-Sensitive Rat Hippocampus Impaired by Intracerebroventricular Injection of Streptozotocin
(Springernature, 2023) Gumus, Haluk; Baltaci, Saltuk Bugra; Unal, Omer; Gulbahce-Mutlu, Elif; Mogulkoc, Rasim; Baltaci, Abdulkerim Kasim
Metabolic dysfunction is a critical step in the etiopathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. In this progressive neurological disorder, impaired zinc homeostasis has a key role that needs to be clarified. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of zinc deficiency and administration on hippocampal Nogo-A receptor and osteocalcin gene expression in rats injected with intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (icv-STZ). Forty male Wistar rats were divided into 5 groups in equal numbers: Sham 1 group received icy artificial cerebrospinal fluid (aCSF); Sham 2 group received icy a CSF and i.p. saline; STZ group received 3 mg/kg icy STZ; STZ-Zn-deficient group received 3 mg/kg icy STZ and fed a zinc-deprived diet; STZ-Zn-supplemented group received 3 mg/kg icy STZ and i.p. zinc sulfate (5 mg/kg/day). Hippocampus tissue samples were taken following the cervical dislocation of the animals under general anesthesia. Nogo-A receptor and osteocalcin gene expression levels were determined by real-time-PCR method. Zinc supplementation attenuated the increase in hippocampal Nogo-A receptor gene expression, which was significantly increased in zinc deficiency. Again, zinc supplementation upregulated the intrinsic protective mechanisms of the brain by activating osteocalcin-expressing cells in the brain. The results of the study show that zinc has critical effects on Nogo-A receptor gene expression and hippocampal osteocalcin gene expression levels in the memory-sensitive rat hippocampus that is impaired by icv-STZ injection. These results are the first to examine the effect of zinc deficiency and supplementation on hippocampal Nogo-A receptor and osteocalcin gene expression in icv-STZ injection in rats.
Young children's sleep patterns and problems in paediatric primary healthcare settings: a multicentre cross-sectional study from a nationally representative sample
(Wiley, 2022) Boran, Perran; Ergin, Ahmet; Us, Mahmut Caner; Dinleyici, Meltem; Velipasaoglu, Sevtap; Yalcin, Siddika Songul; Barutcu, Adnan
Studies describing paediatric sleep patterns are needed by taking culture into consideration. The aim of this study was to identify parent-reported sleep-wake patterns in young children and explore possible factors influencing sleep problems. The mothers of 2,434 young children enrolled from well-child outpatient clinics in Turkey completed an online survey including sociodemographic variables, Brief Infant Sleep Questionnaire, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Generalised Anxiety Disorder scales. Overall, young children in Turkey go to bed late (10:00 p.m.), awaken twice per night for 30 min, and obtain 11.5 h of total sleep, showing no sex-specific differences. Distinct night-time sleep patterns emerged after 18 months of age. Importantly, although currently breastfed healthy children were 3.8-times less likely to sleep through the night, total sleep duration and exclusive breastfeeding duration were higher in children who were not sleeping through the night. Overall, bedsharing was identified in 11.5%, and only room sharing was reported in 52.9%. Parental perception of a child's sleep as problematic was 35.8%. Mothers with higher educational attainment were more likely to perceive their children's sleep as a problem. Maternal depressive and anxious symptoms and a history of excessive infant crying were the determinants predicting the likelihood of both parent-perceived sleep problems and poor sleepers. The present analysis of sleep structure in infancy and toddlerhood provides reference data for well-child visits. These findings highlight the importance of considering maternal anxiety, depression and behaviour management techniques to cope with fussy infants in addressing childhood behavioural sleep problems.
Whole-genome analyses disentangle reticulate evolution of primroses in a biodiversity hotspot
(Wiley, 2023) Stubbs, Rebecca L.; Theodoridis, Spyros; Mora-Carrera, Emiliano; Keller, Barbara; Yousefi, Narjes; Potente, Giacomo; Leveille-Bourret, Etienne
Biodiversity hotspots, such as the Caucasus mountains, provide unprecedented opportunities for understanding the evolutionary processes that shape species diversity and richness. Therefore, we investigated the evolution of Primula sect. Primula, a clade with a high degree of endemism in the Caucasus. We performed phylogenetic and network analyses of whole-genome resequencing data from the entire nuclear genome, the entire chloroplast genome, and the entire heterostyly supergene. The different characteristics of the genomic partitions and the resulting phylogenetic incongruences enabled us to disentangle evolutionary histories resulting from tokogenetic vs cladogenetic processes. We provide the first phylogeny inferred from the heterostyly supergene that includes all species of Primula sect. Primula. Our results identified recurrent admixture at deep nodes between lineages in the Caucasus as the cause of non-monophyly in Primula. Biogeographic analyses support the 'out-of-the-Caucasus' hypothesis, emphasizing the importance of this hotspot as a cradle for biodiversity. Our findings provide novel insights into causal processes of phylogenetic discordance, demonstrating that genome-wide analyses from partitions with contrasting genetic characteristics and broad geographic sampling are crucial for disentangling the diversification of species-rich clades in biodiversity hotspots.
Widespread eruption after blood transfusion during phototherapy in a newborn
(Wiley, 2024) Tandircioglu, Umit Ayse; Alan, Serdar
[Abstract No tAvailable]
Weighted inequalities for discrete iterated kernel operators
(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2022) Gogatishvili, Amiran; Pick, Lubos; Unver, Tugce
We develop a new method that enables us to solve the open problem of characterizing discrete inequalities for kernel operators involving suprema. More precisely, we establish necessary and sufficient conditions under which there exists a positive constant C such that (Sigma(n is an element of z)(Sigma(n)(t = -infinity) U(i, n)a(i))(q)w(n))(1/q) <= C(Sigma(n is an element of Z)a(n)(p)v(n))(1/p) holds for every sequence of nonnegative numbers where {a(n)}(nzZ) where U is a kernel satisfying certain regularity condition, 0 < p,q <= infinity and (u(n))(nzZ) and {w(n)}(nzZ) are fixed weight sequences. We do the same for the inequality (Sigma(n is an element of z)w(n)(sup-infinity<= n U(i, n) Sigma(i)(j=-infinity) a(j)](q))(1/q) <= C(Sigma(n is an element of Z)a(n)(p)v(n))(1/p) . We characterize these inequalities by conditions of both discrete and continuous nature.
Weighted inequalities involving Hardy and Copson operators
(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2022) Gogatishvili, Amiran; Pick, Lubos; Unver, Tugce
We characterize a four-weight inequality involving the Hardy operator and the Copson operator. More precisely, given p(1), p(2), q(1), q(2) is an element of (0, infinity), we find necessary and sufficient conditions on non-negative measurable functions u(1), u(2), v(1), v(2) on (0, infinity) for which there exists a positive constant c such that the inequality (integral(infinity)(0)(integral(t)(0)f(s)(p2) v(2)(s)(p2)ds)(q2/p2) u(2)(t)(q2)dt)(1/q2) <= c(integral(infinity)(0)(integral(infinity)(t)f(s)(p1) v(1) (s)(p1) ds)(q1/p1) u(1)(t)(q1)dt)(1/q1) holds for every non-negative measurable function f on (0, infinity). The proof is based on discretizing and antidiscretizing techniques. The principal innovation consists in development of a new method which carefully avoids duality techniques and therefore enables us to obtain the characterization in previously unavailable situations, solving thereby a long-standing open problem. We then apply the characterization of the inequality to the establishing of criteria for embeddings between weighted Copson spaces Cop(p1,q1)(u(1), v(1)) and weighted Cesaro spaces Ces(p2,q2)(u(2), v(2)), and also between spaces S-q(w) equipped with the norm parallel to f parallel to(Sq(w)) = (integral(infinity)(0)[f**(t) - f*(t)](q)w(t) dt)(1/q) and classical Lorentz spaces of type Lambda. (C) 2022 Published by Elsevier Inc.
Wear Resistance of Aluminum Alloy A356 After Thorough Anodic Oxidation
(Springer, 2023) Basyigit, Aziz Baris; Azakli, Zeki; Gumruk, Recep; Bican, Osman
The efficiency of thorough anodic oxidation of ASTM A356 aluminum alloy as an alternative to painting its surface is studied. Microstructure, phase composition, and microhardness of oxidized layers of various thicknesses (45, 65, 80 and 90 mu m) are determined. Solid particle erosion tests are conducted in accordance with ASTM G76 and MIL STD 3033. It is established that with an increase in oxidized layer thickness aluminum alloy wear resistance is reduced and the surface roughness is reduced.
Web Structure and Silk Spinning Apparatus Morphology of Uloborus walckenaerius Latreille 1806 (Araneae, Uloboridae) Spider
(Hard, 2024) Ocal, Ilkay Corak; Kayhan, Nazife Yigit; Aktas, Ummuguelsum Hanife
The web- building skills of spiders made them strong from the evolutionary aspect. Spider webs are used in hunting, building nests, setting traps, and movement. The structure of web architecture, that of adhesive materials being produced, and that of cribellate offer important clues in order to understand their hunting behaviors. Spiders have different silk -spinning apparatuses, allowing them to produce different types of silk fibrils. While some spider species rely on webs for survival in nature, others can survive without them. Even though basic taxonomic features remain constant, the silk -spinning apparatuses of spiders might be subjected to adaptive variations. In the present study, the structural organization of the silk -spinning apparatus and the web architecture of the web -maker spider Uloborus walckenaerius Latreille, 1806 were observed by making use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The web structure of U. walckenaerius, the characteristics of the spinnerets, especially the posterior spinneret, and the arrangement of the spigots are reported in this study. Adaptations of the silk -spinning apparatus, which has provided an evolutionary success to U. walckenaerius, were also analyzed. It was determined that the web structure consisted of very fine nanofibers and, differing from other groups, there also were crimped silk fibrils.
Weighted Inequalities for a Superposition of the Copson Operator and the Hardy Operator
(Springer Birkhauser, 2022) Gogatishvili, Amiran; Mihula, Zdenek; Pick, Lubos; Turcinova, Hana; Unver, Tugce
We study a three-weight inequality for the superposition of the Hardy operator and the Copson operator, namely (integral(b)(a)(integral(b)(t)integral(s)(a) f(tau)p upsilon(tau)d tau)(q/p) u(s) ds)(r/q)w(t)dt)(1/r) <= C integral(b)(a) f(t) dt, in which (a, b) is any nontrivial interval, q, r are positive real parameters and p is an element of (0, 1]. A simple change of variables can be used to obtain any weighted L-p-norm with p >= 1 on the right-hand side. Another simple change of variables can be used to equivalently turn this inequality into the one in which the Hardy and Copson operators swap their positions. We focus on characterizing those triples of weight functions (u, v, w) for which this inequality holds for all nonnegative measurable functions f with a constant independent of f. We use a newtype of approach based on an innovative method of discretization which enables us to avoid duality techniques and therefore to remove various restrictions that appear in earlier work. This paper is dedicated to Professor Stefan Samko on the occasion of his 80th birthday.
Warm up with music and visual feedback can effect Wingate performance in futsal players
(Bmc, 2022) Bayrakdaroglu, Serdar; Eken, Oezgur; Yagin, Fatma Hilal; Bayer, Ramazan; Gulu, Mehmet; Akyildiz, Zeki; Nobari, Hadi
Purpose: Visual feedback and music while warm up may help elicit peak performance, but its effect during the Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) in futsal players is unexplored. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the effects of music and visual stimulus on WAnT performance in futsal players. Methods: The study included 17 young male futsal players (age, 21.53 +/- 1.32 years; height, 177.59 +/- 5.75 cm; 73.71 +/- 9.31 kg; BMI 23.342 +/- .47). The WAnT was administered using three distinct protocols: with music (M), without music (NM), and with music and visual feedback (MV) following a 10-min warm-up at 72-h intervals. After WAnT, the following parameters were evaluated: (a) peak power output: PPO (W), (b) relative peak power output: RPPO (W/kg), (c) mean power output: MPO (W), (d) relative mean power output: RMPO (W/kg), (e) fatigue index: FI (%), and (f) minimum power output MIPO (W). Results: MV indicated that futsal players' WAnT values, including PPO, RPPO, MPO, RMPO, and MIPO improved more than with other protocols (p < 0.05). However, there was no significant difference between protocols for FI (%) WAnT values (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Listening to music and watching visual feedback while warm up before performing WAnT performance suggest to coaches and futsal players.
Vitex Agnus-Castus L. Nanoparticles: Preparation, Characterization and Assessment of Antimicrobial and Anticancer Activity
(Wiley-V C H Verlag Gmbh, 2023) Ekici, Seda; Bozkaya, Esra; Bozkaya, Ogun; Cerci, Nebahat Aytuna; Aluc, Yasar; Ekici, Husamettin
This study was aimed to synthesise antimicrobial and therapeutic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by green synthesis method using Vitex agnus-castus L. (VAC) seed extract. The synthesised VAC seed extract coated AgNPs were characterised by UV-Vis spectrometry, Zeta analysis and FT-IR spectrometry. The antifungal, antimicrobial, cytotoxicity by MTT assay, and anticarcinogenic activities on HeLa cells line were investigated. VACAgNPs exhibited high antimicrobial activity against S. aureus with a zone diameter of 11.3 +/- 0.6 mm. In addition, the cytotoxicity of VAC-AgNPs was evaluated using the L929 fibroblast cell line and the HeLa cells line, with AgNPs applied at six different concentrations. At a concentration of 5.0 mM, viability was found to be 47.6%+/- 4.2% in L929 fibroblast cells and 39.6%+/- 7.9% in HeLa cells, suggesting a potential antiproliferative effect of VAC-AgNPs on HeLa cancer cells. The IC50 values of VAC-AgNPs against the HeLa cell line were calculated as 2.94 mu g/ml.
Views of senior nursing students on the concept of old age: a metaphor study
(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2024) Kirca, Kamile; Oztuerk, Elif Sozeri; Kahraman, Burcu Bayrak
Metaphors are part of everyday language as they help us to communicate effectively and allow us to reveal meaning to concepts. Older adults have been described using metaphors like 'Tsunami' in western countries. However, it is unknow which metaphors are used to describe older adults in Turkey. The aim of this study was to reveal the perceptions of the concept of aging among fourth year nursing students through metaphors. This study employed phenomenology, which is a qualitative research design. All fourth-year nursing students in the Nursing Department of the Faculty of Health Sciences of a Turkish university constituted the study population. The study was completed with the participation of 60 students. The data were collected in May-June 2022. To reveal the metaphors that each nursing student considered representative for the concept of 'aging,' they were asked to complete the following sentence: 'Aging is like & mldr; because & mldr; .' In qualitative research, metaphors can help simplify complex and/or multidimensional concepts through connecting one familiar concept to another familiar one, resulting in the comparison between the two concepts opening up new possibilities and perspectives. Metaphors provide structure to data and aid understanding of a familiar process in a new light. The metaphors and their justifications, written by students in their own handwriting, were used as the main data source in this study. Students completed the questionnaire in one session. The completion of the form took approximately 20 minutes. The mean age of the students was 22.5 +/- 1.4 years, and 78.3% of them were female. In analyzing the data, a content analysis approach comprising coding, the identification of themes, and grouping of data according to codes and themes was used. The metaphors produced by the students were categorized as 'positive' and 'negative.' In the positive category, there were 10 metaphors formed by 43 (71.7%) nursing students. Fourteen metaphors by 17 (28.3%) nursing students were identified in the negative category. The most commonly used metaphors were found to be 'tree,' 'flower,' 'kid,' and 'book.' It was observed that the students perceived the concept of old age as a process that helped individuals gain knowledge and experience and a guiding process. In order to increase and maintain a positive attitude toward the older people, it can be recommended to include more topics and practices related to old age.
Video based professional development on pedagogical documentation: a yearlong study with early childhood teachers
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Sahin, Figen; Yilmaz, Arif; Buldu, Mehmet; Aras, Selda; Buldu, Metehan; Akgul, Esra
This study examined how a video-based professional development (VBPD) initiative influenced early childhood teachers' practices. A purposive sample of 22 early childhood education teachers voluntarily participated in this study. The confidentiality of all participants was assured and their informed consent was obtained prior to the study. The design of the study was qualitative in nature and video based interventions were carried out during the research process. The study data was drawn from a larger study and collected through informal and semi-structured individual interviews. A constant comparative method of data analysis was utilised in the study. The themes identified in the data were guiding teachers' practices; self-awareness and desire to improve. The teachers expressed that VBPD was supportive for instructional awareness, instructional assessment practices, and the quantity and quality of classroom interaction. Furthermore, from the teachers' perspectives, the VBPD was found to improve their self-awareness and aid them in staying up-to-date professionally.
Vitamin D levels in children with COVID-19: a report from Turkey
(Cambridge Univ Press, 2021) Alpcan, Aysegul; Tursun, Serkan; Kandur, Yasar
Several studies have demonstrated that higher levels of vitamin D are associated with better prognosis and outcomes in infectious diseases. We aimed to compare the vitamin D levels of paediatric patients with mild/moderate coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) disease and a healthy control group. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients who were hospitalised at our university hospital with the diagnosis of COVID-19 during the period between 25 May 2020 and 24 December 2020. The mean age of the COVID-19 patients was 10.7 +/- 5.5 years (range 1-18 years); 43 (57.3%) COVID-19 patients were male. The mean serum vitamin D level was significantly lower in the COVID-19 group than the control group (21.5 +/- 10.0 vs. 28.0 +/- 11.0 IU, P < 0.001). The proportion of patients with vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in the COVID-19 group than the control group (44% vs. 17.5%, P < 0.001). Patients with low vitamin D levels were older than the patients with normal vitamin D levels (11.6 +/- 4.9 vs. 6.2 +/- 1.8 years, P = 0.016). There was a significant male preponderance in the normal vitamin D group compared with the low vitamin D group (91.7% vs. 50.8%, P = 0.03). C-reactive protein level was higher in the low vitamin D group, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (9.6 +/- 2.2 vs. 4.5 +/- 1.6 mg/l, P = 0.074). Our study provides an insight into the relationship between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 for future studies. Empiric intervention with vitamin D can be justified by low serum vitamin D levels.
Variation of fundamental features of cobalt surface-layered Bi-2212 superconductor materials with diffusion annealing temperature
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Oz, Ilker; Terzioglu, Cabir; Oz, Muhammed; Ulgen, Asaf Tolga; Turkoz, Mustafa Burak; Erdem, Umit; Yildirim, Gurcan
The present study appears extensively on the role of diffusion annealing temperature intervals 650-850 degrees C on electrical conductivity, flux pinning ability, superconducting and crystallinity quality of Cobalt (Co) surface -layered Bi-2212 compounds with experimental tests including dc resistivity, bulk density, X-ray diffraction, critical current density measurements, and theoretical calculations. Experimental findings display that the Co ions may be replaced mostly by bismuth sites in the crystal lattice as a consequence of appropriate cation -vacancy, electron configurations of the outer shell, chemical valence states, and electronegativity of chemical contents in the main composition. The fundamental characteristic features refine considerably with 650 degrees C annealing temperature due to enhancement of antiferromagnetic spin fluctuations in the clusters of micro -domains, re-ordering of Cu-O bonds, stabilization of system, pairing mechanism, modulation of insulating Bi-O double layers, and orbital hybridization mechanisms. Accordingly, bulk Bi-2212 ceramic obtained at optimum annealing temperature exhibits the best conductivity because of a decrease in systematic crystallinity problems and potential grain boundary interaction problems expected in the system. Likewise, the optimum annealing temperature triggers the artificial nucleation regions for 2D discrete pancakelike Abrikosov vortices to decelerate thermal fluxon movements. Moreover, the X-ray diffraction results indicate that optimum Co ions in crystal lattice significantly improve crystal structure quality, grain alignment distributions in c-axis orientation, the extension of high-Tc Bi-2223 superconducting phase, and average crystallite size parameters. Additionally, the nucleation activation energy is noticed to reduce with optimum Co ions due to enhancement in the nucleation stability and crystallization temperature values to higher temperature zones. Namely, optimum Co ions easily diffusing into the lattice points support the formation of surface nucleation. In contrast, after a critical value of 650 degrees C, the characteristic properties mentioned suppress remarkably. In conclusion, the main characteristic features are extensively improved by the optimum diffusion annealing temperature for usage in novel and feasible market areas.
Vehicle routing software selection for last mile delivery companies using Fermatean fuzzy-based model
(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2024) Kara, Karahan; Yalcin, Galip Cihan; Simic, Vladimir; Gurol, Pinar; Pamucar, Dragan
Vehicle routing software (VRS) is utilized by last mile delivery (LMD) companies for route optimization. The problem of VRS selection is of paramount importance for LMD companies. In this research, a VRS selection model tailored to LMD companies is developed and proposed. This model is based on Fermatean fuzzy sets (FFS). The FFS-preference selection index (PSI) method is proposed for weighting the criteria. The FFS-alternative ranking order method accounting for two-step normalization (AROMAN) method is defined for ranking the VRS alternatives. This hybrid approach, developed as FFS-PSI-AROMAN, incorporates the FFYWA operator based on Yager t-norm and t-conorm operations as the aggregation operator to enhance the strength of aggregation operations. Additionally, an algorithm has been developed for the model. The developed model is applied through a real-life case study conducted in an LMD company operating in Turkey. An expert group is formed, criteria are defined, alternative VRS options are identified, and the proposed algorithm is employed to make the optimal VRS selection. Sensitivity analysis scenarios are created, and robustness tests are conducted to evaluate the model's reliability. Comprehensive implications for both the research and managerial insights are provided, along with recommendations for future research endeavors.
Validity, Reliability, and Responsiveness of the Dubousset Functional Test in Older Adults
(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2023) Kocaman, Ayse Abit; Sertel, Meral; Arslan, Saniye Aydogan
Objective:The aim of our study was to examine the test-retest reliability and validity of the Dubousset Functional Test (DFT) in older adults. Methods:The DFT, 3-m Backward Walk Test (3MBWT), Timed Up and Go (TUG) test, and Tinetti Performance-Oriented Mobility Assessment (POMA) were administered to 80 older adults. Results:Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values were between 0.819 and 0.965 (excellent agreement). A correlation was found between DFT parameters and the TUG test, 3MBWT, and POMA scores. A low correlation was found between the TUG test and 3MBWT with the dual-task test; no correlation was determined between the POMA scores with the dual-task test. Conclusion:It was concluded that the DFT is a valid and reliable test for older adults.
Valorization of Seawater as an Activator for Mixing and Curing Water in Mid-Strength Concrete Containing Class C Fly Ash: Strength, Economic and Environmental Benefits
(Springer Int Publ Ag, 2023) Aruntas, Huseyin Yilmaz; Korkmaz, Yusuf; Demir, Ilhami; Kaplan, Gokhan
Fly ash (FA), which is utilized to create the next generation of green concrete for contemporary buildings, is widely accessible throughout the world. This study investigated the activation of concretes with 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% Class C fly ash (CFA) by seawater. Seawater was used for curing and mixing water to determine the effectiveness of the activation process. Fresh state, compressive strength, carbon footprint and cost properties of CFA and non-CFA concrete were analyzed. Fresh state, compressive strength, carbon footprint and cost properties of CFA and without CFA concrete were analyzed. The slump values of the concrete were adjusted according to the S3 class specified in the EN 206 standard. The densities of the fresh concretes ranged between 2366 and 2417 kg/m3, while the fresh densities decreased slightly as the CFA content increased. The 28-day compressive strength of the concretes varied between 17.9 and 39.1, and the 90-day compressive strength ranged between 22.2 and 40.4 MPa. Generally, using up to 10% CFA can increase compressive strength. Using seawater as mixing water rather than curing water increases the compressive strength. The CO2 emissions and costs of concretes decrease as the CFA content increases. Concrete using 20% CFA can reduce CO2 emissions by up to 19% and costs by up to 6% compared to the reference. As a result, the carbon and cost performances of the concrete improve more when seawater is used in the mix water, and CFA is used at a ratio of 10%. In addition, seawater is more suitable for the activation process of CFA-containing concretes.
Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Ottawa Sitting Scale in patients with acute stroke
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Yasa, Mustafa Ertugrul; Arslan, Saniye Aydogan; Sahan, Tezel Yildirim; Caglar, Derya; Demirci, Cevher Savcun; Demir, Pervin
Purpose: To investigate the validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Ottawa Sitting Scale (OSS-T) in patients with acute stroke.Materials and methods: The Berg Balance Scale (BBS) and Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) were used to determine the validity of the OSS-T. The OSS-T was re-applied by the same rater after an interval of 7 days to determine the reliability. To test inter-rater reliability, the evaluation was repeated by a second rater 1 day after the first evaluation. Reliability was quantified using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC), and validity was assessed by correlating the OSS-T scores with the results of the other measures.Results: The ICC of the total OSS-T score for inter-rater reliability was 0.996 and for intra-rater reliability, it was 0.951. The Cronbach's a coefficient used to determine internal consistency was 0.980, which indicates excellent reliability. A strong positive correlation was found between OSS-T and TIS (rho = 0.861, p < 0.001), and between OSS-T and BBS (rho = 0.875, p < 0.001). An evident 2-factor structure was shown by the results of the factor analysis.Conclusions: The results of this study indicated that the OSS-T has strong measurement properties, making it a valid and reliable tool for research and clinical practice in patients with acute stroke.
Utilizing surplus bread as an ingredient in dog food: Evaluating baking and extrusion processing on physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility performance
(Academic Press Ltd- Elsevier Science Ltd, 2023) Mevliyaogullari, Ercan; Karsli, Mehmet Akif; Mert, Behic
This study probed the effects of integrating surplus bread crumbs (BC) into dog food formulations, examining the resulting influence on the rheological, physicochemical, and in vitro digestibility properties of the products processed using baking and extrusion methods. Increasing BC concentration led to increased mean cold viscosity values, decreased peak and paste viscosity, higher expansion indices, and lower bulk density. Lightness of the samples (L* values) increased significantly with higher BC ratios, resulting in lighter-colored products. The hardness of the extrudates ranged between 23.1 N and 49.4 N, and decreased with increasing BC ratios. This suggested changes in structural properties due to the addition of BC. Microstructural analysis using scanning electron microscopy demonstrated a more homogeneous matrix in BC containing samples, possibly due to in-teractions between the gelatinized starch and denatured gluten proteins from the BC. The in vitro apparent di-gestibility coefficients showed no significant variation in dry matter digestibility across BC ratios, while crude protein digestibility decreased and nitrogen-free extract digestibility increased with higher BC ratios. Specific Mechanical Energy (SME) values were found to be lower in BC-containing samples (p<0.05), indicating potential energy-saving benefits during the production process.

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