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Unit Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution and Its Application to Concentrations Pollutant Data
(Mdpi, 2024) Biçer, Cenker; Bakouch, Hassan S.; Biçer, Hayrinisa Demirci; Alomair, Gadir; Hussain, Tassaddaq; Almohisen, Amal
In the vast statistical literature, there are numerous probability distribution models that can model data from real-world phenomena. New probability models, nevertheless, are still required in order to represent data with various spread behaviors. It is a known fact that there is a great need for new models with limited support. In this study, a flexible probability model called the unit Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution, which can model data values in the unit interval, is derived by selecting the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution as a base-line model. The important characteristics of the derived distribution in terms of statistics and mathematics are investigated in detail in this study. Furthermore, the inference problem for the mentioned distribution is addressed from the perspectives of maximum likelihood, method of moments, least squares, and maximum product space, and different estimators are obtained for the unknown parameter of the distribution. The derived distribution outperforms competitive models according to different fit tests and information criteria in the applications performed on four actual air pollutant concentration data sets, indicating that it is an effective model for modeling air pollutant concentration data.
Statistical Inference For Geometric Process With The Generalized Rayleigh Distribution
(Univ Nis, 2020) Biçer, Cenker; Biçer, Hayrinisa D.; Kara, Mahmut; Yılmaz, Asuman
In the present paper, the statistical inference problem is considered for the geometric process (GP) by assuming the distribution of the first arrival time with generalized Rayleigh distribution with the parameters alpha and lambda. We have used the maximum likelihood method for obtaining the ratio parameter of the GP and distributional parameters of the generalized Rayleigh distribution. By a series of Monte-Carlo simulations evaluated through the different samples of sizes - small, moderate and large, we have also compared the estimation performances of the maximum likelihood estimators with the other estimators available in the literature such as modified moment, modified L-moment, and modified least squares. Furthermore, wehave presented two real-life datasets analyses to show the modeling behavior of GP with generalized Rayleigh distribution.
Quaternionic bertrand curves in euclidean 4-space
(Int Center Scientific Research & Studies, 2013) Kecilioğlu, Osman; İlarslan, Kazım
In this paper, by using the similar idea of Matsuda and Yorozu [12], we prove that if bitorsion of a quatenionic curve alpha is no vanish, then there is no quaternionic curve in E-4 is a Bertrand curve. Then we define (1, 3) type Bertrand curves for quatenionic curve in Euclidean 4-space. We give some characterizations for a (1, 3) type quaternionic Bertrand curves in Euclidean 4-space by means of the curvature functions of the curve.
An almost unbiased Liu-type estimator in the linear regression model
(Taylor & Francis Inc, 2024) Erdugan, Funda
A biased estimator, compared to least squares estimators, is one of the most used statistical procedures to overcome the problem of multicollinearity. Liu-type estimators, which are biased estimators, are preferred in a wide range of fields. In this article, we propose an almost unbiased Liu-type (AUNL) estimator and discuss its performance under the mean square error matrix criterion among existing estimators. The proposed AUNL estimator is a general estimator and is based on the function of a single biasing parameter. It includes an ordinary least squares estimator, an almost unbiased ridge estimator, an almost unbiased Liu estimator, and an almost unbiased two-parameter estimator. Finally, real data examples and a Monte Carlo simulation are provided to illustrate the theoretical results.
An Algebraic Approach to Clustering and Classification with Support Vector Machines
(Mdpi, 2022) Arslan, Güvenç; Madran, Uğur; Soyoğlu, Duygu
In this note, we propose a novel classification approach by introducing a new clustering method, which is used as an intermediate step to discover the structure of a data set. The proposed clustering algorithm uses similarities and the concept of a clique to obtain clusters, which can be used with different strategies for classification. This approach also reduces the size of the training data set. In this study, we apply support vector machines (SVMs) after obtaining clusters with the proposed clustering algorithm. The proposed clustering algorithm is applied with different strategies for applying SVMs. The results for several real data sets show that the performance is comparable with the standard SVM while reducing the size of the training data set and also the number of support vectors.
A geometric process with Hjorth marginal: Estimation, discrimination, and reliability data modeling
(Wiley, 2022) Demirci Biçer, Hayrinisa; Biçer, Cenker; Bakouch, Hassan Salah Hassan
The geometric process is one of the important simple monotonic processes with a positive ratio parameter in the theory of stochastic processes. Simply, it can be thought of as a generalization of the renewal process (RP). In the current paper, we mainly study the geometric process with the Hjorth marginal distribution, with parameters theta and lambda, for being able to model the successive inter-arrival times with a trend. We first examine inference problem for the mentioned process from different perspectives and obtain the different estimators of its parameters by employing different estimation methods such as maximum likelihood, modified moments, modified maximum spacing, and modified least-squares. The efficiencies of these estimators are compared via a series of extensive simulation studies in the paper. Further, we give also a discrimination statistic for discriminating among geometric processes with the Hjorth distribution and its alternatives. This is quite important to select the optimal geometric process model for data. Finally, a modeling study by using the geometric process with the Hjorth distribution is provided in detail to display its effectiveness to model the reliability data sets.
Validity and reliability of the full cup test in patients with chronic low back pain
(Kare Publ, 2022) Ağır, Hatice; Aras, Müyesser; Keskin, Esra Dilek; Özer, Hafsa Feyza; Karaca, Gülten; Ergün, Ufuk; Yörübulut, Serap
Objectives:This study aims to determine the validity and reliability of the full cup test (FCT), evaluating the pain severity in patients with chronic low back pain. Methods: A total of 100 patients (70 women and 30 men) aged over 18 years with mechanical low back pain were enrolled in the study. Demographic and clinical characteristics were recorded. Pain severity was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) and FCT, the functional state was assessed by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and the quality of life was assessed using the Nottingham Health Profile (NHP). FCT was performed on the 1st day by two independent observers (G1 and G2) and 3 days after the first application, patients were readministered the FCT by G1. Results:The mean age of participants was 56.04 +/- 12.33 years and mean body mass index was 27.7 +/- 4.3 kg/m(2). The reliability of the FCT and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was found to be 0.989 for intrarater compliance, ICC was found to be 0.984 for inter-rater compliance, and Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was alpha=0.994. External construct validity of the scale was confirmed with expected correlations with all subgroups of NHP except for social isolation, VAS and ODI (p<0.01). Conclusion:This study concludes that the FCT provides a reliable and valid instrument for measuring pain severity and loss of the function in patients with chronic mechanical back pain. We consider that FCT is a simple and easy test in patients with low education and advanced age.
The relationship between mutation carriage of BRCA1/2 and clinicopathological characteristics in women with breast cancer – experience from a diagnostic centre in Turkey
(Termedia Publishing House Ltd., 2024) Duzkale, Neslihan; Guler, Onur Can; Kutun, Suat; Emiroglu, Canan; Saridemir, Serdar; Gokce, Aysun; Kandemir, Olcay
The 5–10% of breast cancers (BC) are hereditary, and BRCA1/2 are causative in 25% of those inherited. It was aimed to examine the BRCA1/2 genotype-BC phenotype relationship. In 170 female patients with BC, BRCA1/2 genes were investigated using Next Generation Sequencing. Demographic and clinicopathological characteristics of the patients and correlations of pedigree analysis with BRCA1/2 mutation status were analysed. BRCA1/2 carriage was found to be 9.4%. When the patients were grouped as ? 40 and > 40 according to the age at diagnosis of BC, the tumour grade was higher in the ? 40 groups. In the study, BRCA1/2 carriage and tumour grade were higher in patients with triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC). The risk of TNBC was 5.560 times higher in BRCA1/2 carriers than in non-carriers. There is a significant relationship between BRCA1/2 carrier and BC hormone receptor negativity, tumour grade, and BC diagnosis age. © 2024, Termedia Publishing House Ltd.. All rights reserved.
The Interaction between Self-Esteem, Perceived Gender Discrimination and Employment Motivation: A Log-Linear Analysis
(Lifescience Global, 2024) Durukan, Kübra; Öncel, Sevgi Yurt; Erdugan, Funda
This study analyzes the relationships between self-esteem, perceived gender discrimination, and employment motivation. Results show that individuals not perceiving gender discrimination are 3.66 times more prevalent than those who do. Individuals who see the purpose of employment as a way to improve themselves are 1.8 times more motivated than those who want to contribute meaningfully to society. Self-improvement is a stronger motivator than contributing to society, and income-focused individuals show 2.8 times higher motivation. Those with low self-esteem aspiring to contribute to society are 2.6 times more likely to be motivated than those focusing on self-improvement. Achieving gender equality and preventing discrimination can enhance personal development and societal contributions, leading to increased individual success and social welfare. The motivations of self-development and usefulness to society make the strongest contribution to an individual’s self-esteem. These motives are related to inner satisfaction and social recognition. © 2024 Durukan et al.
Strategic location analysis for offshore wind farms to sustainably fulfill railway energy demand in Turkey
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Önden, İsmail; Kara, Karahan; Yalçın, Galip Cihan; Deveci, Muhammet; Önden, Abdullah; Eker, Mert
Providing the energy demands of various sectors through the utilization of renewable energy sources offers a more sustainable and long-term approach compared to fossil fuel consumption. In this study, the proposition is made to address Turkey's rail industry energy demand through Offshore Wind Farms (OWF). Accordingly, the spatial analysis for determining the most suitable OWF location is explored. The research methodology is conducted based on a Geographic Information System-Multi-Criteria Decision Making (GIS-MCDM) hybrid approach. Alternative OWF locations are identified using GIS. Location selection criteria are established based on literature review, and a fuzzy-based decision matrix is constructed, incorporating expert opinions. To leverage two distinct fuzzy number sets, Intuitionistic Fuzzy Weighted Averaging (IFWA) and Spherical Fuzzy Stepwise Weight Assessment Ratio Analysis (SF-SWARA) methods are employed for criteria weighting, followed by the aggregation of criterion weights using the Einstein Operations t-norm technique. To ensure comparable OWF alternative rankings, five different alternative ranking methods are employed to obtain alternative rankings. Ultimately, the most suitable OWF location for meeting the energy demand of the rail industry is determined to be the Izmir region. The research findings contribute to managerial perspectives by proposing recommendations concerning strategic location selection, optimized resource allocation, risk mitigation and policy alignment and sustainable long-term planning. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd
Sıralı Küme Örneklemesi ile Kumaraswamy Dağılımı Parametrelerinin Tahmin Edilmesinde Genetik Algoritma Kullanılması
(2019) Kılıç, Adil; Arslan, Güvenç
Bu çalışmada, Kumaraswamy dağılımının parametrelerinin en çok olabilirlik yöntemi ile tahmin edilmesi genetik algoritma yaklaşımı kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca basit rasgele örneklemeye göre daha iyi sonuç verebileceği düşünülerek parametrelerin tahmin edilmesinde sıralı küme örneklemesi de incelenmiştir. Genetik algoritma yaklaşımı, Kumaraswamy dağılımı parametrelerinin pozitif olma koşulunun hesaba katılması nedeniyle tercih edilmiştir. Ek olarak genetik algoritma yaklaşımında en çok olabilirlik fonksiyonunun türev bilgisine ihtiyaç duyulmaması da hesaplamalarda kolaylık sağlamaktadır. Genetik algoritma kullanılarak elde edilen her iki örnekleme yöntemine ait olabilirlik tahmin edicilerinin performanslarının karşılaştırılması için yan, hata kareler ortalaması ve etkinlikleri hesaplanmıştır. Simülasyon çalışmasındaki hesaplamalar için R yazılımı ve ilgili paketler kullanılmıştır.
Risk factors for smoking behavior among university students
(2011) Öncel, Yurt Sevgi; Gebizlioğlu, Ömer Lütfi; Alioğlu, Aliev Fazil
Amaç: Sigara içme, Türkiye’de yaygın bir alışkanlık ve dünyada önemli bir halk sağlığı sorunudur. Bu çalışmada, anket formu kullanarak Kırıkkale Üniversitesi öğrencilerinin sigara içme riskinin artışı ile bağlı olan faktörlerin belirlenmesi için istatistiksel analizler yapılmıştır. Yöntem ve gereç: Yaş, cinsiyet, öğrencinin sigara içme durumu, velilerin sigara içme durumu ve eğitim düzeyi, gelir, günlük spor aktiviteleri, sigara içme öyküsü (sigaraya başlama/bırakma yaşı, günlük içtiği ortalama sigara sayısı, sigara bırakma girişimi, sigaraya başlama nedenleri), alkol kullanımı ve davranış problemlerini kapsayan anket 1734 (toplam 15.000 öğrencinin % 11,6’sı) Kırıkkale Üniversitesi öğrencilerine (869 erkek ve 866 kız, sigara kullanan ve kullanmayan) uygulanmıştır. Bireysel puanlara dayalı olarak nikotin bağımlılık puanları Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) ve kategorik nikotin bağımlılığı değişkenleri hesaplandı. Aynı zamanda iki düzeyli gelir (income2) ve sigara içme durumu değişkenlerini oluşturulmuştur. Analizler için betimsel istatistikler, t-testi, ki-kare testi, tek ve çok değişkenli lojistik regresyon kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmaya katılan öğrecilerden bir ay veya daha uzun süre içerisinde her gün sigara içmiş olan 548 (% 31,6)’i sigara kullanan olarak tespit edildi. Veriler sigara içen 548 öğrencinin % 66,1’inin erkek, % 33,9’unun bayan olduğunu göstermektedir. Günlük içilen sigara sayısının, sigaraya başlama yaşının ve FTND puanlarının ortalaması ve standart sapması (SS) erkekler için, uygun olarak, 15,9 (SS = 7,7), 16,6 (SS = 3,0) ve 4,4 (SS = 2,3), kızlar için, uygun olarak, 13,1 (SS = 6,5), 17,4 (SS = 2,4) ve 3,9 (SS = 2,4) olarak bulunmuştur. FTND puanları ve günlük içilen sigara sayısı arasında pozitif korelasyon (r = 0,612, P < 0,05); FTND puanları ve sigaraya başlama yaşı arasında negarif korelasyon (r = –0,232, P < 0,05) saptandı. Erkeklerin sigara içme riskleri kızlara göre 2,968 kez çok çıkmıştır. Öğrencinin sigara içme riskini sigara içen kardeşinin olması 2,368 kez, annenin sigara içmesi 1,564 kez, babanın sigara içmesi 1,488 kez artırmaktadır. Yüksek aile geliri de riski 1,579 kez artırıyor. Sonuç: Çalışmamız, üniversite öğrencilerinin sigara içme davranışında cinsiyet, ailede sigara içen kimselerin bulunması, annenin eğitim düzeyi, ailenin gelir durumu anlamlı rol oynamaktadır. Ebeveynlerin günlük içtikleri sigara sayısı artıkça gençlerin de sigara içme düzeyinde ve sigaraya olan bağımlılık durumunda artış gözlenmiştir. Gençlerle beraber aile büyüklerinin de sigaranın zararları ve sigarayı bırakma konusunda bilgilendirilmesi önerilmektedir. Sigara alışkanlığının hem çevresel hem de genetik boyutlarının ortak değerlendirilmesinin büyük önem arzettiği görülmektedir.
Inference on parameters of a geometric process with scaled muth distribution
(World Scientific, 2020) Biçer, Cenker; Bakouch, Hassan S.; Biçer, Hayrinisa Demirci
The problem of statistical modeling of the geometric count data with a specific probability model of lifetimes is of interest and importance in reliability. In this paper, we construct a geometric process (GP), with parameter a, for modeling the geometric count data when the distribution of first occurrence time is a scaled Muth with parameters ? and ?. We investigate the estimators of the process parameters a, ? and ? from a point of approximations of classical and modified approach by using the different estimation methodologies such as the maximum likelihood, moments, least-squares and maximum spacing. We perform a simulation study to compare the estimation performance of the estimators obtained. Finally, we provide an illustrative analysis conducted on a real-world dataset to show the e±ciency of the GP model constructed in this paper against the alpha-series and renewal processes and exemplify the data modeling stages. Consequently, a forecasting to such data using the GP with the scaled Muth is investigated. © 2020 World Scientific Publishing Company.
Trpv2 Polymorphisms Change The Risk Of Type 2 Diabetes - Hashimoto Thyroiditis Comorbidity
(EDITURA ACAD ROMANE, 2020) Arikan, F. Bulut; Ozdemir, F. A.; Sen, D.; Erdem, S.; Yorubulut, S.; Dogan, H.; Keskin, L.
Context. Thyroid disorders are common in diabetics and related to severe diabetic complications. TRPV2 ion channels have crucial functions in insulin secretion and glucose metabolism which have an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetes. Also, they have a significant effect on various immunological events that are involved in the HT pathophysiology. Objective. This study aimed to investigate rs14039 and rs4792742 polymorphisms of the TRPV2 ion channels in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM, n=100) Hashimoto thyroiditis (HT, n=70) and comorbid T2DM and HT (T2DM+HT, n=100) patients and control (n=100). Design. Case-control study Subject and Methods. RT-PCR genotyping was used to determine rs14039 and rs4792742 polymorphisms with DNA samples of subjects and appropriate primer and probes. Besides, required biochemical analyses were performed. Results. It was determined that the frequencies of the rs14039 GG homozygote polymorphic genotype and the G allele were significantly higher in T2DM+HT patients compared to the control (p=0.03 and p=0.01, respectively) and that especially the GG genotype increases the risk of T2DM+HT 3.046-fold (p=0.01, OR=3.046). It was detected that the GG genotype increased the risk of HT 2.54-fold (p=0.05, OR=2.541). TRPV2 rs4792742 polymorphisms reduce the risk of HT and T2DM+HT comorbidity almost by half and have a protective effect against HT and T2DM+HT. Conclusion. The rs14039 GG genotype of the TRPV2 gene significantly increases the risks of development of T2DM+HT and HT disorders, may have a significant role in the pathophysiology of these diseases, also leading to predisposition for their development. Conversely, rs4792742 polymorphic genotypes have a strong protective effect against the HT and T2DM+HT comorbidity.
Spatial Patterns of Infant Mortality in Turkey between 2011 and 2016
(INT COMMUNITY SPATIAL PLANNING & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, 2020) Turkan, Ayca Hatice; Erdugan, Funda; Aldemir, Suleyman
Health studies are important for the evaluation of health services and the improvement of poor conditions as well as for the determination of the development levels of countries. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the spatial patterns of infant mortality, which is considered an indicator of health conditions, in Turkey between 2011 and 2016. The existence of global autocorrelation was first studied using the infant mortality rate, the standardised mortality ratio, and the infant mortality rate which was corrected by Bayes smoothers. Local spatial autocorrelation analysis was performed to determine statistically significant hot spots or clusters in infant mortality. It was determined that the spatial distribution between 2011 and 2016 was not coincidental, and aggregation tendency and spatial dependence were observed in the data. According to local spatial statistics, spatial differences of Southeastern Anatolia and Eastern Anatolia regions appeared in Turkey in terms of infant mortality. Furthermore, the factors related to the infant mortality rate were considered. It was found that the age of marriage for women, the net schooling rates of females in secondary education, the number of midwives, and the gross domestic product (GDP) were related to infant mortality rates. It is important to determine different associated factors in the provinces with high infant mortality rates found in this study and to develop an understanding of what can be done to prevent infant mortality in the future. In the South-eastern Anatolia and Eastern Anatolia regions, it is necessary to produce and implement policies with the scope of reducing the infant mortality rate.
The Effect of Extractum Cepae, Heparin Sodium, and Allantoin in Experimental Peritoneal Adhesion
(SPRINGER INDIA, 2020) Ozmen, Ismail; Gunal, Yasemin Dere; Atasoy, Pinar; Kisa, Ucler; Yorubulut, Serap; Aslan, Mustafa Kemal; Boybeyi-Turer, Ozlem
The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of extractum cepae (EC), heparin sodium (HS), and allantoin (AA) on postoperative peritoneal adhesion (PPA) prevention. Forty-eight rats were allocated into six groups (n = 8). PPA was performed by Harris method. In group 1, no additional procedure was done. Abdominal cavity was washed with normal saline in group 2, EC in group 3, HS in group 4, AA in group 5, and EC-HS-AA mixture (EHA-m) in group 6. On the 21st postoperative day, PPA was scored with Nair adhesion score and examined for fibrosis histopathologically and hydroxy-proline levels (OHP) biochemically. Macroscopically, PPA was decreased in groups 2, 4, and 6 compared to groups 1, 3, and 5 (p < 0.05) and decreased in group 2 compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Histopathologically, fibrosis was decreased in groups 2, 4, and 6 compared to other groups and decreased in group 2 compared to other groups (p < 0.05). Tissue OHP level was decreased in groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 compared to groups 1 and 6 (p < 0.05). Tissue OHP level was decreased in group 6 compared to group 1, but the difference was not statistically significant. PPA formation decreases with normal saline, HS and EHA-m, whereas increases with EC and AA both macroscopically and microscopically. Although HS and EHA-m seem to have adhesion prevention effect, washing the intestines with saline seems to be more effective.
Genetic and environmental influences on human height from infancy through adulthood at different levels of parental education
(NATURE RESEARCH, 2020) Jelenkovic, Aline; Sund, Reijo; Yokoyama, Yoshie; Latvala, Antti; Sugawara, Masumi; Tanaka, Mami; Matsumoto, Satoko
Genetic factors explain a major proportion of human height variation, but differences in mean stature have also been found between socio-economic categories suggesting a possible effect of environment. By utilizing a classical twin design which allows decomposing the variation of height into genetic and environmental components, we tested the hypothesis that environmental variation in height is greater in offspring of lower educated parents. Twin data from 29 cohorts including 65,978 complete twin pairs with information on height at ages 1 to 69 years and on parental education were pooled allowing the analyses at different ages and in three geographic-cultural regions (Europe, North America and Australia, and East Asia). Parental education mostly showed a positive association with offspring height, with significant associations in mid-childhood and from adolescence onwards. In variance decomposition modeling, the genetic and environmental variance components of height did not show a consistent relation to parental education. A random-effects meta-regression analysis of the aggregate-level data showed a trend towards greater shared environmental variation of height in low parental education families. In conclusion, in our very large dataset from twin cohorts around the globe, these results provide only weak evidence for the study hypothesis.
On Using Structural Patterns In Data For Classification
(PUSHPA PUBLISHING HOUSE, 2020) Arslan, G.; Karabulut, B.; Unver, H. M.
There are some interesting approaches for classification such as semi-supervised algorithms, algorithms that learn distance functions, and various extensions and generalizations of support vector machines. In this study, we propose a new clustering algorithm that uses similarities only and is used as an intermediate step for classification. The motivation for this combined approach is to obtain information from the data set that can be used for classification. After obtaining a clustering of the data set with the proposed clustering algorithm, we apply different strategies for classification. The results on some data sets show that this approach can have some advantages. For example, when using support vector machines, the size of the training set is reduced, while at the same time, comparable performance results are obtained with a smaller number of support vectors.
Statistical inference for geometric process with the Two-Parameter Lindley Distribution
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS INC, 2020) Demirci Bicer, Hayrinisa
The geometric process is a popular method for the modeling of arrival times with trend. In this study, the statistical inference problem for geometric process is considered when the distribution of first arrival time is two-parameter Lindley. The parameters a, lambda and beta are estimated using the maximum likelihood, modified least-squares, modified moments and modified L-moments methods. The estimation performances of the obtained estimators are compared by comprehensive simulations. The simulation results show that maximum likelihood estimators outperform the other estimators. Finally, on three real-life datasets, we present data analyses showing the modeling performance of geometric process against renewal process.
Age estimation by measuring maxillary canine pulp/tooth volume ratio on cone beam CT images with two different voxel sizes
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2020) Adışen, Mehmet Zahit; Keleş, Aydan; Yörübulut, Serap; Nalcaci, Rana
The aim of this study is to estimate age by measuring maxillary canine pulp/tooth volume ratio using CBCT images with a voxel resolution of 0.2 mm and 0.4 mm. This study was performed on CBCT images of 131 individuals between 17 and 75 years of age with fully erupted maxillary canine teeth. DICOM data were transferred to 3D-Doctor software, and pulp and tooth surfaces at each 0.2 mm or 0.4 mm axial section were manually drawn. Measurements in CBCT panoramic sections were also performed using Kvaal's method. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between pulp/tooth measurements and age. Results show that all measurements, except pulp/tooth length volume (R), are associated with age and that pulp/tooth volume (PV/TV) has the highest correlation with age (r = -0.486). Explanatory coefficient (R-2) of the regression model based on PV/TV is 0.236. There is no statistically significant difference between estimated and chronological ages across different gender and voxel groups (p>0.05). Regression models based on different voxel sizes are statistically significant for age estimation for both voxel groups. The present results should be tested on a wider patient population with evenly distributed samples to determine optimum voxel resolution for age estimation.

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