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Öğe Post-Corona World: The Effects of COVID-19 on Economic, Social and Academic Life(Tuba-Turkish Acad Sciences, 2020) Acar, MustafaNo doubt that the year 2020 is likely to be one of the turning points in the twenty-first century as well as in the world history. A new type of coronavirus called COVID-19 has erupted in the last days of 2019 in Wuhan, China. The virus rapidly spread throughout the world, hence what started as epidemic in the beginning soon turned into a pandemic. Millions of people became infected and hundreds of thousands of them have died because of the virus, which seems to bring certain unavoidable changes in our lives. This study investigates some of the possible changes in economic, social, and academic life in the aftermath of the COVID-19 pandemic.Öğe Solid waste management practices in Türkiye to achieve the UN sustainable development goals of waste to energy(Elsevier, 2024) Yakamercan, Elif; Gökhan Özdemir, Mehmet; Senapathy, MarisennayyaSolid waste has become an essential problem due to cities' rising populace and development. Solid waste management (SWM) can be a complicated process in developing nations such as Türkiye due to the difficulty of collection, storage, and disposal of high amounts of solid waste. To overcome this challenge, SWM is critical. Türkiye has established high standards to handle solid waste effectively and achieve sustainable development. Türkiye strives to promote sustainability through SWM at the local level, with initiatives focused on improving infrastructure, waste reduction and segregation, and awareness-raising campaigns. Achieving these goals will require continued investment and innovation, but Türkiye is progressing toward a more sustainable future through effective SWM. This chapter aims to evaluate the situation of SWM with a sustainability approach in Türkiye. The current status and waste-to-energy options are discussed. Future perspectives and challenges of SWM based on a sustainability approach are determined. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Social and Economic Studies within the Framework of Emerging Global Developments(Peter Lang AG, 2023) Kaya, Muhammed Veysel; Bayrakdar, SedaThis book is the third volume of Social and Economic Studies within the Framework of Emerging Global Developments which includes empirical and theoretical original chapters written by researchers from different countries and universities. The target audience of this book is researchers, students and academics interested in social and economic studies. © 2023 Peter Lang Group AG, Lausanne. All rights reserved.Öğe Macroeconomic factors affecting non-performing loans in the Turkish banking sector(Peter Lang AG, 2019) Varlik, NimetThe study investigates the macroeconomic factors increasing non-performing loans (NPLs) in Turkey for the period 2001M12-2018M03 by employing the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model. Model findings show that all selected macroeconomic variables which are real effective exchange rate, consumer price index, industrial production index, unemployment rate, interest rate, and M2 money supply have significant effects on NPLs. © Peter Lang GmbH Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin 2019. All rights reserved.Öğe Labor force participation in EMEs(Peter Lang AG, 2018) Kılınç, Nazan ŞahbazThe mortgage crisis in the US caused a financial crisis which effected the entire world economy. With the emergence of the global financial crisis, the shrinking of foreign trade throughout the world and the reduction of domestic demand have also reduced production. As a result, businesses have had to lower their capacities and this has adversely affected employment. The crisis effected emerging economies in different ways and in different degrees. This crisis was reflected to unemployment variable as well. The impact of the financial crisis on labor markets changed from country to country. Almost all developed countries and emerging countries felt the negative effects of the crisis on their labor markets. Emerging economies were less affected than the developed economies. The reason for this type of asset-based loans will produce financial derivatives markets in emerging economies is not widespread. The impact of the crisis on global economic activity contradiction in demand and production decline has led to a decrease in employment and increase in unemployment. This study investigates the impact of the global financial crisis on labor force participation (LFP) in emerging market economies (EMEs). In this chapter, the concepts of global finance crisis and labor participation rate are emphasized and the effects of the crisis are evaluated in the light of various indicators. In this context, a comparative analysis of emerging economies will be made. © Peter Lang GmbH.Öğe Labor force markets in EMEs(Peter Lang AG, 2018) Aksoy, EmreThis chapter introduces and analyzes the labor force markets (LFMs) of emerging market economies (EMEs), their structural features, and their similarities and differences with the aid of the key indicators of the LFM. The course of LFM indicators in the long run and the correlations among the variables are valuable indicators used to understand the structures of the LFMs. The examination of LFMs provides us with significant insights about the courses and functions of economies. This examination also gives us valuable hints about social dynamics. LFM is not only a factor market, it also embodies multifaceted and intertwined social and political relationships, in addition to its central economic significance. The education systems, and the demographic and economic positions of the EMEs differ from one another. Countries geographically close to each other have similar economic, cultural, and demographical features, which also affect the LFMs of these economies. Therefore, throughout the chapter, countries that are similar to each other in regards to their LFMs will be examined together, and in this way, an analysis of EMEs will be presented. Firstly, the overall picture of the labor supply for emerging markets will be presented via labor and labor force participation indicators. Then, unemployment rates will be analyzed. The aim of this chapter is to present and compare the LFM performances of the economies in question. © Peter Lang GmbH.Öğe Empirical findings on macro determinants of pharmaceutical spending in selected OECD countries(Peter Lang AG, 2020) Iyidoğan, Pelin Varol; Balikçioğlu, Eda; Yilmaz, H. HakanPharmaceutical expenditure as a major determinant of health care spending arises as an attractive area of research in terms of public policy. Policymakers inevitably face the control of pharmaceutical expenditure, which corresponds to more than a %16 of health expenditure on average to optimize health policy. In this context, besides the historical pattern of pharmaceutical expenditure, the investigation of macro determinants of pharmaceuticals has come into prominence in the health care literature. Within this scope, we aim to examine the effect of aging, chronic diseases, health care expenditures and social spending on pharmaceutical spending for 22 OECD countries by employing General Method of Moments (GMM) procedure of Arellano and Bond (1991) which utilizes the difference of dependent variable to eliminate the individual fixed effects. In our paper, we conclude that the rise in the elderly population leads to an increase in pharmaceutical spending, which is consistent with our expectations. On the other hand, we find no significant effect of male cancer incidence and the negative impact of adjusted health spending on pharmaceutical spending. However, the results point out that a rise in female cancer incidence rises drug expenditures. More clearly, pharmaceutical expenditure is exposed to gender sensitivity in terms of cancer. Furthermore, we find that social spending has a positive effect on pharmaceutical spending. © Peter Lang AG 2020.Öğe Ecological thought in economics: Exploring the intersection of environmentalism and economic theory(IGI Global, 2023) Özdemir, Mehmet GökhanThis chapter explores the intersection of ecological thought and economics, examining the evolution of ecological economics and its potential implications for economic theory and policy. Ecological econom¬ics offers a more comprehensive framework for understanding and addressing the relationship between the natural environment and economic systems. Key concepts, such as externalities, natural capital, and ecosystem services, are discussed, as well as challenges to incorporating ecological considerations into economic decision-making. By promoting more sustainable and just economic systems that prioritize environmental sustainability and social equity, ecological economics can inform and transform economic policy and governance. © 2024, IGI Global. All rights reserved.Öğe Human rights and virtuous growth in terms of global economic transformation: Is it possible to return to homo-politicus?(Peter Lang Publishing Group, 2019) Kaya, M. V.; Tığlı, A.Introduction Capitalism is an economic system that gives capital owners the right to acquire private ownership in an unlimited amount and to produce and trade according to their free preferences. In the capitalist economic model, every factor of production can survive with its price. In other words, all phases of the input-output process are priced and the factor that does not get a certain value is vanished from the market. In short, everything exists with its price. The regulations (or deregulation) of the capitalist system are like liberal economic policies. Although capitalism and liberalism point to the same freedom and liberties, there is a difference between them regarding historical process. Capitalism refers to a broad system, which has emerged with the collapse of feudal system1 in Europe since 11th century and is based on ideological2 fundamentals. Liberalism, on the other hand, refers to the ability of financial flows in the form of money and capital to gain international mobility and emerged in 19th and 20th centuries. The key notion that determines the similarities or differences between capitalism and liberalism is globalization. The capital becomes liberal (liquid) as it becomes global. When capitalism was emerging as an ideological based mechanism in Western Europe, the governance of markets and capital was in the control of the Catholic Church. After the French Revolution that was broken out as a reaction against to this system, capitalism exhibited a tendency for liberalization. Hence, capital became free from…. © Peter Lang GmbH Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin 2019.Öğe An empirical analysis of the association between natural resource rents and corruption(Peter Lang Publishing Group, 2019) Koyuncu, Cüneyt; Ünver, MustafaIntroduction In addition to many government failures that many countries have experienced, corruption has been classified as one of the most significant public sector problems. Corruption causes problems in using resources effectively, which is very important in order to reach full level of employment for economies. In this regard, as we will state in the next section, the determinants of corruption have attracted growing attention in both theoretical and empirical researches due to its potential negative externalities for economies. Rent-seeking activities and thus corrupt behaviors find more rooms to arise in countries possessing ample natural resource rents. However, there are few papers in the corruption literature that examine the links between rent-seeking and the level of corruption. Empirically, some papers have revealed the close relationship between rents and corruption (Arezki and Brückner, 2011; Gnimassoun and Keneck, 2015). Theoretically, there is a negative association between competition level and rent-seeking activity, which means that a decrease in the competition level is accompanied by a higher level of rent-seeking activity. Higher rent-seeking activity results in higher level of corrupted behavior by government officials. In this regard, if a firm, which is under the influence of a bureaucrat, has rents, bureaucrat’s motivation for malfeasant behavior such as bribe will be higher. By the same token, an increase in rents will lead to an increase in the corrupt activities (Ades and Di Tella, 1999: 983). Looking at the literature for rent-seeking, it seems that there are various types…. © Peter Lang GmbH Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin 2019.Öğe Is China’s integration to the international markets a threat for western economies? An outlook in terms of political economy of transition from labor-intensity to capital-intensity(Peter Lang Publishing Group, 2019) Tığlı, Abdülkadir ; Kaya M.V.; Dogan I.Introduction In the People’s Republic of China (PRC), where the communist regime was effectively implemented from its foundation to 1978, gradually liberalization reforms were implemented in order to keep up with the changing world conjuncture. Prior to reforms, the PRC had lower Gross Domestic Product (GDP) figures than the surrounding countries. The poverty level in the country came to the point which is not easily explained to the world. Deng Xiaoping, who came to power after the death of Mao Zedong, initiated reforms aiming at accelerating economic growth rate of the country. Although many steps have been taken for the liberalization and openness of the system, state control over the economy has not been completely abolished. The planned economy and the market economy were carried out together and a significant growth was achieved in a short time. Although the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) is in the country’s administration, the new mixed economy is being carried out and this mixed model has been called the socialist market economy in the literature. Under the state-controlled market economy model, huge growth values are achieved, while per capita GDP figures are still low due to the high population density. Deflation has been observed in some years after the reforms and consequently deflation had negative effects on consumption-based economic growth of the country. The success of the PRC in macro-economic figures attracted the close attention of western countries, especially the USA. Consequently, many international relations theories and scenarios about China have…. © Peter Lang GmbH Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften Berlin 2019.Öğe Turkey in the European Union: Implications for agriculture, food and structural policy(Oxford Univ Press, 2007) Acar, Mustafa…
