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Öğe Three sessions of repeated sprint training in normobaric hypoxia improves sprinting performance(Cell Press, 2024) Birol, Abdulkadir; Aras, Dicle; Akalan, Cengiz; Aldhahi, Monira I.; Gülü, MehmetThe objective of the present study was to evaluate the impacts of three-session repeated sprint training conducted in normobaric hypoxia with 48-h intervals on sprint performance, arterial oxygen saturation (SpO2), and rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scores. A total of 27 moderately trained male university students voluntarily took part in this study. In this single-blind placebocontrolled study, subjects were assigned into normobaric hypoxia (FiO2: 13.6%; HYP), normobaric normoxia (FiO2: 20.9%; PLA), and control group (CON). The HYP and PLA groups underwent three repeated sprint training sessions (a total of four sets of five times 5-s sprints with a 5min rest between sets and a 30-s rest between each sprint) on a cycle ergometer in normobaric hypoxia or normoxia conditions. Pre- and post-tests were performed 72 h before and after the training period. Three participants were excluded from the study, and the data from twenty-four participants were analyzed. Contrary to what was observed in the pre and post tests, no time and condition interactions were observed in the relative peak power output (PPO), mean power output (MPO), percentage of sprint decrement score (Sdec%), and RPE parameters. Time effect was found in all observed variables respectively; relative PPO (F = 5.784, p = 0.045, eta 2 = 0.74), relative MPO (F = 3.927, p = 0.042, eta 2 = 0.66) and large time effect found for Sdec% (F =11.430, p = 0.046, 0.83), and RPE (F = 14.990, p = 0.008, eta 2 = 0.96). A notable increase in relative peak power output (PPO) and mean power output (MPO) was observed in the post-test in comparison to the pre-test values, indicating statistical significance. The increase in PPO was in HYP 13.44% (p = 0.006), in PLA 7.48% (p = 0.264) and in CON 2.66% (p = 0.088). The decrease in Sdec% was in HYP -13.34%% (p = 0.048), PLA -10.54 (p = 0.577) and CON -4.83 (p = 0.644) at post-test. The results show that although there were no statistical differences between the groups, notable differences in performance-related variables were observed in the HYP group after 3 sessions of repetitive sprint training in hypoxia.Öğe The relationship between attitude toward physical activity and weight gain in children and young adolescence(Frontiers Media Sa, 2024) Özer, Ömer; Uyhan, Osman; Devrilmez, Erhan; Orhan, İlkay; Bilgic, Mert; Uğurlu, Alkan; Tabak, Ekrem YasinIntroduction The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between attitudes toward physical activity and weight gain among children and young adolescents with an additional focus on the impact of gender on these attitudes.Methods Employing a descriptive survey method, data were systematically gathered via purposive sampling from 11 specific cities in T & uuml;rkiye, ensuring representation from all seven regions. A total of 3,138 students, aged between 9 and 14 years, participated in this study, with a distribution of 46% girls and 54% boys. To assess the attitudes of children and young adolescents toward physical activity, the Youth Physical Activity Attitude Scale was utilized. Height and body weight measurements were taken to determine the body mass index of participants. SPSS 26.0 software facilitated the statistical analyses, including Pearson correlation analysis to explore relationships between variables. Multivariate Analysis of Variance was employed to evaluate the impact of age, BMI, and gender on attitudes toward physical activity.Results Participants classified as normal weight exhibited a more positive attitude towards physical activity compared to their obese and overweight counterparts. Moreover, a significant gender difference emerged, with boys demonstrating significantly higher positive attitudes toward physical activity than girls. However, no significant difference was observed in negative attitudes based on gender. The study also revealed that an escalation in negative attitudes towards physical activity correlated with students being categorized as underweight, overweight, or obese, as opposed to having a normal weight status. Additionally, a statistically significant divergence in both positive and negative attitudes towards physical activity was found based on age. Specifically, the results indicated that students aged 9 and 14 exhibited lower levels of positive attitude when contrasted with their counterparts of different age groups. Conversely, in the domain of negative attitudes, students at the age of 9 scored higher than their peers in other age categories.Discussion Attitudes towards physical activity can serve as a convenient indicator and guide for assessing the effectiveness of various practices or interventions aimed at promoting physical activity, with recognition of the significant gender difference in positive attitudes among children and young adolescents.Öğe The level of the aggression in karate athletes with different handedness and belt grades(Mre Press, 2024) Alikhajeh, Yaser; Nabilpour, Maghsoud; Rahim, Gholam Rasul Mohammad; Ghollasimood, Mozhgan; Yağın, Fatma Hilal; Yağın, Burak; Gülü, MehmetKarate athletes with different lateral talents possess different functions in terms of skills and personality characteristics in a way that handedness can be considered an advantage. Given that there is a paucity of research in the domain of personality characteristics, handedness and belt grades, the current research aims to investigate the relationship between handedness and belt grades with aggression among karate athletes. 120 male karate athletes participated. To measure handedness, we used Annette's handedness questionnaire and to measure aggression, we used Bredemeier's aggression questionnaire. The questionnaires were distributed among participants one day before the tournament. A two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to measure the effects of belt grades and handedness on the level of aggression. The results of the study indicated that there was no statistically significant difference in the average level of aggression between left-handed and right-handed karate athletes. There was also no statistically significant difference in the average level of aggression between karate athletes with different belt grades.Öğe The Effect of Combining Blood Flow Restriction with the Nordic Hamstring Exercise on Hamstring Strength: Randomized Controlled Trial(Mdpi, 2024) Pişkin, Necdet Eray; Yavuz, Gönül; Aktug, Zait Burak; Aldhahi, Monira I.; Al-Mhanna, Sameer Badri; Gülü, Mehmet(1) Background: It is a matter of curiosity what effect the blood flow restriction (BFR) method, which is usually combined with low-intensity resistance exercises, will have when used with high-intensity eccentric exercises. (2) Methods: The present study examined the effects of combining BFR with nordic hamstring exercises (NHEs) on hamstring muscle strength, bilateral deficit (BLD), and training volume. Thirty young female volleyball players, who trained three times a week, participated voluntarily in the study. These players were stratified into three groups, each comprising ten individuals: a control group (CG), an NHE group, and an NHE + BFR group. Hamstring muscle strength and BLD values were determined using an H-BORD device, while training volume was measured in terms of sets and repetitions. (3) Results: Statistical analysis revealed that there were no statistically significant differences in non-dominant and dominant leg peak torque parameters in the exercise groups (F = 2.65; p = 0.097; eta p2 = 0.17; F = 1.15; p = 0.0334; eta p2 = 0.084), while the total training volume was lower in the NHE + BFR group. (4) Conclusions: As a result, it was seen that adding the BFR method to NHE did not provide additional gains. However, due to the low training volume of BFR + NHE, it may be recommended to apply BFR together with NHE to athlete groups.Öğe The effect of 8-weeks of combined resistance training and chocolate milk consumption on maximal strength, muscle thickness, peak power and lean mass, untrained, university-aged males(Frontiers Media Sa, 2023) Yapıcı, Hakan; Gülü, Mehmet; Yağın, Fatma Hilal; Uğurlu, Dondu; Cömertpay, Ertan; Eroğlu, Oğuz; Kocoğlu, MelikeThe overarching aim of this study was to investigate the combined effects of chocolate milk consumption (500 mL) with 8-week of resistance training on muscle hypertrophy, body composition, and maximal strength in untrained healthy men. A total of 22 Participants were randomly divided into two experimental groups: combined resistance training (3 sessions per week for 8 weeks) and chocolate milk consumptions (include 30 g protein) Resistance Training Chocolate Milk (RTCM) (Age: 20.9 +/- 0.9 years old) and resistance training (RT) only (Age: 19.8 +/- 0.7 years old). Muscle thickness (MT), using a portable ultrasound, body composition, body mass, maximal strength (one repetition maximum (1 RM), counter movement jump (CMJ) and peak power (PP) were determined at baseline and 8 weeks later. In the RTCM, finding showed a significant improvement in the outcomes compared to the RT group, besides the main effect of time (pre and post). The 1 RM total increased by 36.7% in RTCM group compared to 17.6% increased in the RT group (p < 0.001). Muscle thickness increased by 20.8% in the RTCM group and 9.1% in the RT group (p < 0.001). In the RTCM group, the PP increased by 37.8% compared to only 13.8% increase in the RT group (p = 0.001). The group*time interaction effect was significant for MT, 1RM, CMJ, and PP (p < 0.05), and it was observed that the RTCM and the 8-week resistance training protocol maximized performance. Body fat percentage (%) decreased more in the RTCM (18.9%) group than in the RT (6.7%) group (p = 0.002). In conclusion, chocolate milk (500 mL) with high protein content consumed in addition to resistance training provided superior gains in terms of MT, 1 RM, body composition, CMJ, and PP. The finding of the study demonstrated the positive effect of casein-based protein (chocolate milk) and resistance training on the muscle performance. Chocolate milk consumption has a more positive effect on muscle strength when combined with RT and should be considered as a suitable post-exercise nutritional supplement. Future research could be conducted with a larger number of participants of different ages and longer study durations.Öğe Resistance Training to Muscle Failure with Variable Load Intensities: Implications for Post-Exercise Blood Pressure and Heart Rate Variability in Trained Men(Mdpi, 2024) Güngör, Ali Kamil; Topçu, Hüseyin; Aldhahi, Monira I.; Al-Mhanna, Sameer Badri; Gülü, MehmetBackground: The modulation of cardiac sympathovagal balance alters following acute resistance training (RT) sessions. Nevertheless, the precise influence of RT at varying load intensities on this physiological response remains to be fully elucidated. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the time course of recovery following low- (40%), moderate- (60%), and high- (80%) load-intensity RT protocols performed up to muscle repetition failure in resistance-trained men. Method: Sixteen young, resistance-trained men (mean age: 21.6 +/- 2.5 years, mean height: 175.7 +/- 8.9 cm, mean weight: 77.1 +/- 11.3 kg) participated in a randomized crossover experimental design involving three sessions, each taken to the point of muscle failure. These sessions were characterized by different load intensities: low (40% of 1-repetition maximum, 1RM), moderate (60% of 1RM), and high (80% of 1RM). The exercise regimen comprised four exercises-back squat (BS), bench press (BnP), barbell row (BR), and shoulder press (SP)-with each exercise consisting of three sets. Throughout each session, heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure (BP) parameters were assessed both pre-exercise and during a 40 min post-exercise period, segmented into 10 min intervals for stabilization. Statistical analysis involved the use of a repeated measures ANOVA. Results: It was observed that the 40% and 60% RT sessions resulted in a significantly higher root mean square of successive R-R intervals (RMSSD) value compared to the 80% RT session in the post-exercise recovery process in 30 min (respectively, p = 0.025; p = 0.028) and 40 min (respectively, p = 0.031; p = 0.046), while the 40% and 60% RT sessions produced similar responses. The 40% RT session was significantly higher in the high frequency (HF) value post-exercise in 40 min compared to the 80% RT session (p = 0.045). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that engaging in resistance training (RT) sessions to muscle failure at an intensity of 80% induces acute increases in sympathetic activity, potentially leading to elevated cardiovascular stress. For individuals with normal blood pressure, it is advisable to opt for lighter loads and higher repetition volumes when prescribing RT, as heavier-load RT may carry an increased risk of cardiac-related factors.Öğe Reliability and Validity of the Turkish Version of the Walsh Family Resilience Questionnaire(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2024) Arslan, Kübra; Hatipoğlu, ErtuğrulA multidimensional scale to measure family resilience, which focuses on facilitating positive adaptation and strengthening the family unit when affected by high-stressful events, does not exist in Turkish. The aim of this study was to adapt the Family Resilience Scale into Turkish and to conduct a validity and reliability study. The Family Resilience Scale was translated into Turkish and back-translated. Simple random sampling was used to create a representative sample of adults from 321 families selected in Turkey in 2022. The reliability of the scale as a whole and of the subscales was examined using Cronbach's alpha. Test-retest reliability, the scale was administered to 30 individuals two weeks apart to determine reliability using the test-retest method. Cronbach alpha coefficients were greater than 0.70 for all scales. The test-retest reliability for the General Family Resilience Scale score was found to be .725. According to the results of the confirmatory factor analysis, chi-square chi 2 = 2.598; RMSEA= 0.071; SRMR= 0.06; IFI= 0.90; CFI= 0.90; GFI= 0.89; TLI= 0.88. This study provides evidence that the Family Resilience Scale has good validity, reliability and test-retest reliability for Turkish families. Further testing, including construct validity and testing in different contexts, will strengthen the evidence. This scale will find application in resilience research, clinical settings, and facilitate the development and evaluation of intervention programmes to build resilience in Turkish families.Öğe Relationship between quadriceps muscle architecture and lower limb strength and physical function in older adults community-dwelling individuals: a cross-sectional study(Frontiers Media Sa, 2024) Çınarlı, Fahri Safa; Ulubaba, Hilal Er; Uçar, Ozan; Kılınç, Deniz Can; Çiftçi, Rukiye; Karayiğit, Raci; Aldhahi, Monira, IBackground and objective: Factors related to muscle architecture may lead to functional limitations in activities of daily living in the older adults. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between quadriceps femoris (QF) architecture and physical function in older adults community-dwelling people. Methods: The study included 25 community-dwelling older adults participants aged over 60 years (14 women and 11 men) who were not engaged in regular physical activity. The rectus femoris (RF) and vastus intermedius (VI) muscle thicknesses as well as the RF cross-sectional area (CSA) were assessed using 2D ultrasonography. The 30 Seconds Chair Stand test (30sCST) and Timed Up and Go Test (TUG) were used to assess lower body muscle power and functional mobility, respectively. Results: The QF muscle architecture showed moderate and large correlations with the 30sCST (r range = 0.45-0.67, p < 0.05) and TUG (r range = 0.480-0.60, p < 0.05). RF thickness was a significant (p < 0.01) independent predictor of 30sCST (R-2 = 0.45) and TUG (R-2 = 0.36). VI thickness was a significant (p < 0.05) independent predictor of 30sCST (R-2 = 0.20) and TUG (R-2 = 0.231). RF CSA was a significant independent predictor of the 30sCST (R-2 = 0.250, p < 0.05) and TUG (R-2 = 0.27, p < 0.01). Multiple linear regression models explained 38% of the 30sCST variance and 30% of the TUG variance in the older adults group. Conclusion: Quadriceps muscle group directly affects basic activities of daily living in the older adults. Ultrasound measurements, which are non-invasive tools, are extremely valuable for understanding the limitations of activities of daily living in the older adults.Öğe Quality of Life Gains for Special Athletes in the Turkish Athletics Championship: A Study on Parent Perspectives (2023)(Univ Illes Balears, 2024) Karadağ, Hacı; Karataş, Özgür; Doğar, Yahya; İlkim, Mehmet; Yavuz, Cumaali; Çelik, Talip; Karataş, Emine ÖztürkThis study examines the effects of sports involvement on the well-being of individuals with Down Syndrome who participated in the 2022 Turkish Athletics Championship, as reported by their parents. The championship was organised by the Turkish Special Athletes Sports Federation. Using a qualitative case study design, we thoroughly explore individual experiences, perceptions, and the current situation. Criterion sampling, a method of purposeful sampling, was employed to select participants. The participants were selected using purposive criterion sampling. Information on life changes for the athletes was gathered through semi -structured interviews, which were later transcribed and analysed using content analysis. Five main themes were identified: Physical Development, Social Development, Emotional Development, Psycho -Social Health, and Family Life Satisfaction. The focus was on highlighting the enhancements in family dynamics, shared experiences, and the overall well-being of the family. The study demonstrates that engagement in the championship had a significant impact on the athletes' overall well-being and family satisfaction, underscoring the importance of sports in their lives.Öğe Psychophysiological Adaptations to Exercise Training in COVID-19 Patients: A Systematic Review(Hindawi Ltd, 2024) AL-Mhanna, Sameer Badri; Batrakoulis, Alexios; Hofmeister, Martin; Drenowatz, Clemens; Ghazali, Wan Syaheedah Wan; Badicu, Georgian; Afolabi, Hafeez AbiolaIntroduction. Many COVID-19 patients display adverse symptoms, such as reduced physical ability, poor quality of life, and impaired pulmonary function. Therefore, this systematic review is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of physical exercise on various psychophysiological indicators among COVID-19 patients who may be at any stage of their illness (i.e., critically ill, hospitalized, postdischarge, and recovering). Methods. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google Scholar from 2019 to 2021. Twenty-seven studies, which assessed a total of 1525 patients, were included and analysed. Results. Overall, data revealed significant improvements in the following parameters: physical function, dyspnoea, pulmonary function, quality of life (QOL), lower limb endurance and strength, anxiety, depression, physical activity level, muscle strength, oxygen saturation, fatigue, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), lymphocyte, leukocytes, and a fibrin degradation product (D-dimer). Conclusions. Physical training turns out to be an effective therapy that minimises the severity of COVID-19 in the intervention group compared to the standard treatment. Therefore, physical training could be incorporated into conventional treatment of COVID-19 patients. More randomized controlled studies with follow-up evaluations are required to evaluate the long-term advantages of physical training. Future research is essential to establish the optimal exercise intensity level and assess the musculoskeletal fitness of recovered COVID-19 patients. This trial is registered with CRD42021283087.Öğe Analysis of Athletes with Hearing Impairments Anxiety of Catching COVID-19(Sagamore Publishing Llc, 2024) Çakto, Piyami; Karakullukçu, Ayla; Yüksel, OğuzhanThe objective of this study is to examine the anxiety of hearing-impaired athletes about catching the new type of corona virus according to various variables. Comparison type relationship model within the scope of relational screening, one of the screening models of quantitative approach, was used as the research design. The study group consists of hearing-impaired athletes living in different cities in T & uuml;rkiye and interested in different sports branches. The sample group, determined as snowball sampling of the non-probability sampling method, consists of a total of 257 participants: 89 female and 168 male. As a measurement tool, the Anxiety of Catching Novel Coronavirus (COVID-19) Scale (ACNCS), whose validity and reliability study was conducted by Demir Tekkur & scedil;un, Cicio & gbreve;lu and & Idot;lhan (2020), was used. Independent sample test (T -test) and one-way analysis of variance (One-Way ANOVA) were applied to the obtained data. The f & imath;ndings were evaluated according to the signif & imath;cance value of p<0.05. While no statistically signif & imath;cant difference was found depending on the variables of gender, chronic illness, did the lifting of the bans and the start of sports competitions reduce your anxiety?, the frequency of doing sports per week (days), and branch, a statistically signif & imath;cant difference was found according to the variable of doing sports at home during the pandemic period. The COVID-19 disease, which became a global epidemic, influenced the anxiety levels of hearingimpaired individuals, and the state of doing sports reduced the anxiety levels of individuals. Therefore, it was determined that sports activities had a healing effect for such situations. It is recommended that various sports activities should be carried out regularly to reduce the anxiety levels of hearing-impaired individuals and to ensure their socialization.Öğe Acute effect of different doses of caffeinated chewing gum on exercise performance in caffeine-habituated male soccer players(Frontiers Media Sa, 2023) Yıldırım, Ulaş Can; Akcay, Neslihan; Alexe, Dan Iulian; Esen, Ozcan; Gülü, Mehmet; Cirtita-Buzoianu, Cristina; Çınarlı, Fahri SafaThe ergogenic benefits of caffeine have been well established, but there is scarce research on its chewing gum form. The present research aimed to examine the effects of different doses (100 and 200 mg) of caffeinated chewing gum on muscle strength, vertical jump performance, and ball-kicking speed in trained male soccer players. In a double-blind, randomized counterbalanced, and crossover research design, 14 male soccer players (age = 22 +/- 2 y; body mass = 74.2 +/- 7.1 kg; height = 180.0 +/- 6.8 cm; habitual caffeine intake = 358.9 +/- 292.4 mg/day) participated in three experimental trials. In each trial, participants performed isometric handgrip strength, quadriceps and hamstring strength, ball-kicking speed, and 15 s countermovement jump test 10 min after chewing 100 mg (LCAF) or 200 mg (MCAF) of caffeinated gum or placebo (PLA). MCAF improved quadriceps strength (53.77 +/- 5.77 kg) compared to LCAF (49.62 +/- 8.81 kg, p = 0.048) and PLA (49.20 +/- 7.20 kg, p = 0.032). However, neither LCAF nor MCAF had a significant effect on the isometric handgrip and hamstring strength, ball-kicking speed, and 15 s countermovement jump test (all p > 0.05). These findings support chewing gum as an alternative mode of caffeine administration which can be used as a nutritional ergogenic aid for trained soccer players, at least for quadriceps strength.Öğe A new peak-power estimation equations in 12 to 14 years-old soccer players(Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2021) Gülü, Mehmet; Akalan, CengizThe aim of this study was to develop an age and soccer-specific regression equation to estimate the peak power of children aged 12-14 from the height of their vertical jumps using a large sample (n = 188). This study included 188 male soccer players (age, 12.6 +/- 0.55; height, 153.31 +/- 8.38 cm; and body weight, 43.65 +/- 7.58 kg). Their actual peak power values obtained from vertical jumps were recorded using a force platform. The body weights of the participants were measured using Tanita. A regression model was developed using body weight and vertical jump values. All data were analyzed with the IBM SPSS (version 21) statistical analysis program. A multiple linear regression model was used to generate the best estimation of peak power. In this regression model, Power = -1714,116 + [(47.788 * body weight (kg)] + [(58,976 * Countermovement jump height (cm)]. Actual peak power is highly predictable for 12-14-year-old football players. In line with the new model, the actual peak power values obtained in this study were close to the estimated peak power values obtained with the Tufano formula. This may be because of the larger sample size and the same branch used for both equation models.Öğe A brief body scan mindfulness practice has no positive effect on the recovery of heart rate variability and cognitive tasks in female professional basketball players(Frontiers Media Sa, 2023) Aras, Dicle; Onlu, Aysberg Samil; Durmuş, Tugay; Cengiz, Caner; Güler, Damla; Güler, Yağmur; Uğurlu, AlkanIntroductionIn this study, we examined the acute effects of a short video-based body scan mindfulness practice on the heart rate variability (HRV) and cognitive performance of professional female basketball players after the first half of a simulated basketball game. MethodsIn this crossover randomized controlled trial, nine professional athletes completed a physical loading protocol on two separate days. The protocol consisted of a 10-min Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level 1 in the first quarter, followed by a 10-min basketball game in the second quarter. Immediately afterward, they were asked to engage in a 10-min mindfulness practice or watch a 10-min nature-based documentary as a type of mental intervention. Their HRV, Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE), National Aeronautics and Space Administration Task Load Index 2 (NASA TLX-2), and Go/No-Go test scores were recorded immediately before and after the physical loading and after the mental intervention. ResultsThe physical demand, effort, and frustration level subscales of the NASA TLX-2 and the RPE scores were found to be significantly higher after the physical loading, and they returned to the baseline level after both types of mental intervention. The Go/No-Go test scores did not differ depending on the measurement time. All time- and frequency-domain heart rate variability parameters, except the low-to-high frequency ratio, were found to be significantly high immediately after the physical loading protocol. However, these parameters returned to their initial levels after both types of mental intervention. DiscussionCompleting the tests involved in the study protocol successfully induced physical fatigue, as evidenced by consistent measurement tools, but the one-time and short-term mindfulness practice had no additional benefits for the recovery of heart rate variability, cognitive tasks, or subjective assessment methods, such as RPE and NASA TLX-2, in basketball players with no previous experience of mindfulness practice.Öğe Otizmli Çocuğa Sahip Ebeveyn Perspektifi İle Serbest Zaman Ve Fiziksel Aktivitenin Anlamı(2020) Sarol, Halil; Aydın, İsmail; Gümüşboğa, İbrahim; Güngörmüş, Hamdi Alper; Alıcı, YusufBu araştırmanın amacı; otizmli çocuğa sahip ebeveynlerin serbest zaman ve fiziksel aktiviteyle ilgili düşüncelerinin incelenmesidir. Nitel araştırma yaklaşımının kullanıldığı çalışmanın örneklem gurubunu, otizmli çocuğunu fiziksel aktivite programlarına katılan 10 ebeveyn oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın örneklemini belirlemek için amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden “ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi” kullanılmıştır. Kavramsal çerçeveyi oluşturmak ve görüşme sorularını hazırlamak amacıyla kapsamlı bir şekilde alan yazın taraması yapılmış ve iki alan uzmanının görüşleri doğrultusunda veri toplama aracı olarak 7 soruluk “yarı yapılandırılmış” görüşme formu hazırlanmıştır. Hazırlanan görüşme formu çerçevesinde; katılımcılarla görüşmeler yüz yüze gerçekleştirilmiş ve toplanan veriler içerik analiz yönetimiyle çözümlenmiştir. Araştırma bulgularına göre otizmli çocuğu olan ebeveynlerin serbest zaman kavramını kendi kendine kaldığı zaman dilimi olarak algıladığı ve bu zaman diliminde daha çok fiziksel ve sosyal etkinliklere katılmayı tercih ettiği tespit edilmiştir. Ebeveynlerin otizmli bir çocuğa sahip olma durumunu serbest zamanlarını değerlendirme konusunda en önemli sınırlandırıcı faktör olarak görmesi elde edilen diğer bulgudur. Ailelerin otizmli çocuğunu fiziksel aktivite programı sunan bir spor kulübüne gönderme sebebinin daha çok özel eğitim alanındaki programlarının yetersiz olması ve fiziksel aktivite programların çocuklar için psikolojik, fiziksel ve sosyolojik faydalar sağlaması olduğu görülmektedir. Ayrıca otizmli çocukların fiziksel aktivite programına katılma durumu ebeveynlerinin serbest zaman süresinde bir artış yarattığı da elde edilen verilerden anlaşılmaktadır. Sonuç olarak; otizmli çocuğu olan ebeveynlerin serbest zamanı kendi kendine kaldığı zaman dilimi olarak algıladığı ve fiziksel aktiviteleri kendileri için önemli bir serbest zaman değerlendirme biçimi; çocukları için ise zorunlu bir ihtiyaç olarak gördüğü söylenebilir.Öğe Perceptions Of Physical Education And Sports Teachers Towards Folk Dance In Turkey(Stellenbosch Univ, 2017) Yoncalik, Oguzhan; Demirel, Mesut; Yoncalik, Melike T.The purpose of this study was to determine the perceptions about folk dance of a group of Physical Education and Sports teachers (males n=130; females n=37), working in primary and secondary schools in different cities in Turkey. Despite their positive perception of dance as a social activity, the teachers showed an impartial attitude towards dance as a sport. They considered, dance and sport as two different fields. The consensus among the Physical Education and Sports teacher participants was that dance teaching was not a duty they should fulfil at schools. The participants were not opposed to a separate dance course at schools. In terms of gender, the female Physical Education and Sports teachers had more positive attitudes towards dance than the male teachers. One of the interesting results of this study was the data obtained from the analysis according to the teachers' specialties. Subsequent to the teachers who specialised in folk dance, the teachers who had the most positive attitude towards folk dance were the teachers in the martial arts (wrestling, judo, boxing, taekwondo) group.Öğe Leisure Boredom Scale: the Factor Structure and the Demographic Differences(2014) Kara, Feyza Meryem; Gürbüz, Bülent; Öncü, ErmanThe purpose of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of the Turkish version of the Leisure Boredom Scale (Iso-Ahola & Weissinger, 1990) for adults in Turkey. The second purpose was to investigate the differences based on demographic variables (gender, marital status, working sector) regarding leisure boredom. In total 312 employees from public and private sectors (167 female, 145 male) residing in Ankara participated in this study. Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were conducted to test the structural validity of the scale. EFA demonstrated that this scale yielded two subscales in the Turkish version. The first factor was named "boredom" and the second factor was named "satisfaction" by the participating researchers after reviewing the related literature and examining the factor structure of the scale. The scale consists of 10 items; the item factor loadings for the overall scale range between 0.38 and 0.83; and the Cronbach Alpha coefficient for the subscales was determined 0.72 for boredom and 0.77 for satisfaction in the final form of the scale. According to t-test results regarding the demographic variables, there was statistically significant difference in gender only in the satisfaction‛ subscale, and between women and men participants, with men participants having higher mean scores (p<.01). There was no significant difference in terms of marital status in total LBS and the subscales. Concerning the working sectors of the participants, the analysis showed significant differences in total LBS and the boredom‛ subscale between public and private sectors participants, with public sectors participants having higher mean scores than the latter (p<.01). In conclusion, the results of the research demonstrated that the Turkish adaptation of The Leisure Boredom Scale‛ can be used as a valid and reliable measurement tool to examine and evaluate the leisure boredom levels of Turkish adults. Another conclusion of the study worth noting is that there were significant differences between the different components of gender and working sector variables in terms of leisure boredom levels.Öğe Fiziksel Aktivite Mekânı Değerlendirme Ölçeği (FAMDÖ): Geçerlik ve Güvenirlik Çalışması(2015) Gümüş, Hüseyin; Özgül, Sema Alay; Karakılıç, MehmetB u çalışmanın amacı, Stanis, Schneider, Cha- vez ve Shinew (2009) tarafından geliştirilmiş, Fiziksel Aktivite Mekânı Değerlendirme Ölçeği (FAMDÖ)nin geçerlik ve güvenirliğinin Türkiye için sınanmasıdır. Ölçme aracı, Ankarada bulunan 6 farklı park ve rekreasyon alanı kullanıcılarına uy- gulanmıştır. Araştırmaya gönüllü olarak katılan, rastgele örneklem yoluyla seçilmiş 16 yaş üstü 603 kişiden elde edilen verilerin 412 tanesi [16-63 yaş (x26.80, ss7.609), %59.5 (245)i erkek, %40.5 (167)si kadın] araştırma kapsamına alınmıştır. Araştırmada kullanılan ölçme aracının Türkiyeye uyarlanması sürecinde, ölçekten elde edilen veri- lerin faktörleşmeye uygun olup olmadığını sınamak için Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) ve evrenden alınan örneklem sayısının faktör analizi için yeterli olup olmadığını sınamak için de Bartlett testi yapılmışır. Ölçek için görünürlük geçerliği (face-validity) süreci sonrası, ölçeğin yapı geçerliği ve güvenirliği sınamak için Temel Bileşenler Faktör Analizi (Princi- pial Component Analysis) yapılmıştır. Madde yükleri .40 ve üzeri olan maddeler değerlendirmeye alınmış- tır. Analiz sonuçları, FAMDÖnün iki alt boyutlu ve 26 maddeden oluştuğunu sergilemiştir. Bu iki alt boyut, varyansın %42.2sini açıklamaktadır. Ölçme aracının, ölçmeyi hedeflediği özelliği ne kadar doğru ölçtüğünü ve ölçeklerde bulunan boyutların güvenirliğini sına- mak için, iç tutarlılık cronbach alfa değerine bakılmış- tır. Ölçeğin cronbach alfa iç tutarlılık katsayısı ise .85 olarak saptanmıştır. Bulgulara göre, Fiziksel Aktivite Mekânı Değerlendirme Ölçeğinin Türkiyedeki park ve rekreasyon alanı kullanıcılarının, fiziksel aktivite mekânı seçimi ve fiziksel aktiviteye katılımlarını en- gelleyen unsurlar hususlarında değerlendirmek için geçerli ve güvenilir bir ölçme aracı olduğu söylenebilir.Öğe Developing Scale For Attitude Towards Sport History Lesson(2013) Yılmaz, Aynur; Namlı, Sevinç; Kan, AdnanSpor tarihi, ders olarak üniversitelerin Beden eğitimi ve spor yüksekokullarının bazı bölümlerin de seçmeli veya zorunlu olarak okutulmaktadır. Sporun temelini oluşturan bu ders; sportif faaliyetlerin özümsenmesi ve ulusal ve uluslararası müsabakalarda çok büyük başarılara imza atarak isimlerini tarihe altın harflerle yazdıran değerli spor kahramanlarımızın gelecek nesillere tanıtılması ve gelecek nesillere esin kaynağı olması açısından spor tarihinin önemi azımsanmamalıdır. Atatürk, Türk çocuğu ecdadını tanıdıkça daha büyük işler yapmak için kendinde kuvvet bulacaktır. demiştir. Bu sözden hareketle denilebilir ki, öğrencilere verilecek en büyük eğitim onların geçmişlerini, ecdatlarını tanımaları ve bunun heyecanını duymalarıdır (Arslan, 2005: 273). Spor Tarihi dersi alan öğrencilerin bu derse yönelik tutumlarının olumlu olması, onların derste daha başarılı olmalarına ve dersten elde edilen kazanımlar sayesinde ufuklarını genişletmeye ve sporun hangi evrelerden geçip, bulunduğu konuma geldiğini kavramak ve özümsemek açısından önem arz etmektedir. Bunun için tutumları etkileyen etkenlerin belirlenmesi ve dersin içeriğinin bu etkenler dikkate alarak düzenlenmesi öğrencilerin derse yönelik olumlu tutum geliştirmeleri açısından önemlidir. Bu çalışmanın amacı; Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulunda öğrenim gören öğrencilerin Spor Tarihi Dersine yönelik tutumlarını tespit etmeye dönük ölçme aracı geliştirmektir. Çalışmaya Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulları ve Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bölümlerinde öğrenim gören 253 öğrenci katılmıştır. Çalışma grubunun %30.064 ünü kızlar, %69.936 sını de erkekler oluşturmuştur. Ölçme aracının geliştirilmesi süresinde, konuyla ilgili literatür taraması yapılmış ve çalışma alanındaki Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksek Okullarından tesadüfi olarak seçilen bazı öğrencilerle karşılıklı görüşülüp, elde edilen veriler içerik analizine tabi tutularak konuyla ilgili olarak 53 maddelik bir ölçek formu oluşturulmuştur. Elde edilen bu maddeler Spor Tarihi ve Ölçme ve Değerlendirme alanında uzman kişilerin görüşlerine ve değerlendirilmelerine sunulmuştur. Ölçekteki maddelerin anlam bakımından açık ve anlaşılır olup olmadığını test etmek ve dil bilgisi kuralları bakımından ise doğru olup olmadığını tespit etmek için Türkçe alanında uzman öğretim elemanlarının görüşleri alınarak, bu görüşler çerçevesinde konuyla ilgisiz olduğu düşünülen ve anlaşılır olmayan 7 madde ölçekten çıkartılarak uygulama öncesi 47 maddeden oluşan bir ölçek elde edilmiştir. Çalışmanın özelliğini oluşturan ve literatürde üç alt boyuttan oluştuğu kabul edilen tutum, bu çalışmada 13 tanesi bilişsel, 23 tanesi duyuşsal ve 11 tanesi de davranışsal boyutta ele alınmıştır. Spor tarihi dersinin verildiği üniversitelerden rastgele olarak örneklem seçilmiştir. Bu üniversiteler; Karadeniz Teknik Üniversitesi, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, Fırat Üniversitesi, Karamanoğlu Mehmet Bey Üniversitesi, Sakarya Üniversitesi, Çanakkale 18 Mart Üniversitesi ve Mehmet Akif Ersoy Üniversitesi olup, Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Bölümlerinde okuyan toplam 253 öğrenci üzerinde bu ölçek uygulanmıştır. Bu anketlerden eksik olan ve düzgün doldurulmayan 76 tanesi değerlendirme dışı tutulmuş ve geriye kalan 177 tanesi değerlendirilmeye tabi tutulmuştur. Öğrencilerden elde edilen veriler SPSS paket programıyla gerçekleştirilirken; doğrulayıcı faktör analizi çalışmaları ise Lisrel 8.80 paket programı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında kullanılan tüm istatistiksel işlemlerde anlamlılık düzeyi 0.05 olarak kabul edilmiş ve elde edilen tüm sonuçlar çift yönlü olarak sınanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda ölçeğin geçerliliğini test etmek amacıyla yapılan açımlayıcı ve doğrulayıcı faktör analizi yapılmıştır. Faktör analizi sırasında birden fazla faktöre yük veren maddeler ölçekten çıkartılmış ve aradaki farkın anlamlı olmasına dikkat edilmiştir. Tutum ölçeğinde bulunan 47 maddeye yönelik ilk faktör analizi sonucunda ölçeğin 7 alt faktörlü olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Faktör sayısını belirleyen ( Scree pilot) grafikten faktör sayısının üç olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan döndürülmüş temel bileşenler analizi sonucunda ölçeğin üç faktöre indirgenmiş ve madde sayısı da 47den 20e düşmüştür. Özdeğeri 1in üzerinde olan faktörler değerlendirilmeye alınmıştır. Tutum ölçeğinden elde edilen puanlarla alt faktörlere ait puanlar arasındaki korelasyonlar 0.44 ile 0.86 arasında değişmektedir ve bu korelasyon katsayıları 0,01 düzeyinde manidar bulunmuştur. Korelasyonların yüksek ve anlamlı olması bu üç alt faktörün spor tarihi dersine yönelik tutumun bileşeni olduğunu göstermektedir. Madde yük değerleri ise 0,518-0,780 arasında dağılım göstermiştir. Bu maddelerin 12 tanesi olumlu ve 8 tanesi olumsuz olup, ölçeği oluşturan üç faktörden birincisi, Derse yönelik duygu, ikincisi Derse Yönelik Kazanım, üçüncüsü ise Faaliyet Boyutu olarak tanımlanmıştır. Birinci alt faktör 13, ikinci alt faktör 4 ve üçüncü alt faktör ise 3 maddeden oluşmuştur. 13 maddeden oluşan birinci alt boyutun faktör yük değerleri 0.46 ile 0. 82 arasında değişmekte olup toplam varyansın %38.8 ini açıklamaktadır. 4 maddeden oluşan ikinci boyutun faktör yükleri 0.59 ile 0.74 arasında değişmekte olup toplam varyansın %9.78 ini açıklamaktadır. 3 maddeden oluşan ölçeğin son boyutunun faktör yük değerleri 0.51 ile 0.79 arasında olup, toplam varyansın %54.6 sını açıklamaktadır. Ölçeğin güvenirliğini ve homojenliğini test etmek için Cronbach Alfa güvenirlik katsayısına bakılmış ve bu değer 0.91 olarak bulunmuştur. Hesaplanan güvenirlik katsayısının 0.70 ve daha yüksek olması test puanlarının güvenirliği için genel olarak yeterli görülmektedir (Büyüköztürk, 2004; Carter, 1997). Çalışma kapsamına alınan örneklem yeterliliğini belirlemek amacıyla KMO (Kaiser-Mayer Olkin Measure of Sampling Adeguance) testi yapılmıştır. KMO değeri 1e yaklaştıkça verilerin analize uygun olduğu, 1 olmasında ise mükemmel bir uyum olduğu anlamına gelir (Kan, 2005). Yapılan analiz sonucunda KMO değeri 0.87 olarak bulunmuştur. RMSEA değeri ise 0.068 olarak bulunmuştur. Bu değerin 0.55 altında olması ölçeğin yapı olarak iyi olduğunu gösterir. Sonuç olarak; Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulunda öğrenim gören öğrencilerin spor tarihi dersine yönelik tutumlarını ölçmek amacıyla yapılan tutum ölçeğinin geçerlik ve güvenirlik çalışması sonucunda kullanılabilir bir ölçüm aracı olduğu tespit edilmiştir.Öğe Fiziksel Aktivite İçin Park Ve Rekreasyon Alanlarına Gelen Kullanıcıların Mekân Seçimini Ve Fiziksel Aktiviteye Katılımını Etkileyen Faktörler(2017) Gümüş, Hüseyin; Özgül, Sema Alay; Karakılıç, MehmetBu araştırmanın amacı, fiziksel aktivite amaçlı park ve rekreasyon alanlarına gelen kullanıcıların mekân seçimini ve aktiviteye katılımlarını etkileyen faktörleri incelemektir. Araştırmaya gönüllü olarak 603 kişi katılmıştır. 603 veride bazı katılımcıların cevaplarının "geçersiz" olduğu saptanmış ve araştırmanın örneklemi 412 katılımcıdan oluşmuştur (16-63 yaş ( 26,80; ss 7,609), % 59,5 (245)'i erkek). Veri toplama aracı olarak; Türkiye'ye uyarlamaları bu araştırma kapsamında yapılan ve geçerliği güvenirliği ispatlanmış olan FAMDÖ (Fiziksel Aktivite Mekânı Değerlendirme Ölçeği) kullanılmıştır. 2 alt boyut ve 33 maddeden oluşan FAMDÖ, 5'li Likert tipindedir. Verilerin analizinde betimleyici istatistik ve tek değişkenli varyans analizi ile ilişkisiz örneklemler T-tesi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın bulgularına göre, park ve rekreasyon alanlarında fiziksel aktivitelere katılmama nedenleri cinsiyet, eğitim düzeyi ve sigara kullanım durumlarına göre anlamlı bir farklılık göstermektedir. Ancak, fiziksel aktivite amaçlı park ve rekreasyon alanlarına gelen kişilerin mekân seçimlerinde cinsiyet, yaş, eğitim düzeyi, beden kitle indeksi ve sigara kullanımı bir farklılık yaratmamaktadır. Araştırma kapsamında değerlendirilen bağımsız değişkenler bağlamında, park ve rekreasyon alanlarını fiziksel aktivite mekânı olarak seçmeye iten unsurlar belirlenip bu mekânda fiziksel aktiviteye katılımı engelleyen unsurları en aza indirgeyebilecek uygulamalar yerel yöneticilere önerilmiş ve park ve rekreasyon alanlarının kullanımı ile ilgili bir takım istatistiki bilgiler verilmiştir
