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Öğe A potential immunological silver bullet for COVID-19: The trivalent chimpanzee adenoviral serotype-68 vector (Tri:ChAd)(Wiley, 2022) Ardıçlı, Özge; Azkur, Ahmet Kürşat; Azkur, Dilek[Abstract No tAvailable]Öğe A compilation answering 50 questions on Monkeypox virus and the current Monkeypox outbreak(Wiley, 2023) Cabanillas, Beatriz; Murdaca, Giuseppe; Guemari, Amir; Torres, Maria Jose; Azkur, Ahmet Kürşat; Aksoy, Emel; Vitte, JoanaThe current monkeypox disease (MPX) outbreak constitutes a new threat and challenge for our society. With more than 55,000 confirmed cases in 103 countries, World Health Organization declared the ongoing MPX outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) on July 23, 2022. The current MPX outbreak is the largest, most widespread, and most serious since the diagnosis of the first case of MPX in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), a country where MPX is an endemic disease. Throughout history, there have only been sporadic and self-limiting outbreaks of MPX outside Africa, with a total of 58 cases described from 2003 to 2021. This figure contrasts with the current outbreak of 2022, in which more than 55,000 cases have been confirmed in just 4 months. MPX is, in most cases, self-limiting; however, severe clinical manifestations and complications have been reported. Complications are usually related to the extent of virus exposure and patient health status, generally affecting children, pregnant women, and immunocompromised patients. The expansive nature of the current outbreak leaves many questions that the scientific community should investigate and answer in order to understand this phenomenon better and prevent new threats in the future. In this review, 50 questions regarding monkeypox virus (MPXV) and the current MPX outbreak were answered in order to provide the most updated scientific information and to explore the potential causes and consequences of this new health threat.Öğe Mechanisms of Allergen-Specific Immunotherapy and Novel Ways for Vaccine Development(Japanese Society Allergology, 2013) Jutel, Marek; Van de Veen, Willem; Agache, Ioana; Azkur, Kursat A.; Akdis, Muebeccel; Akdis, Cezmi A.Allergen-specific immunotherapy (SIT) is the only available curative treatment of allergic diseases. Recent evidence provided a plausible explanation to its multiple mechanisms inducing both rapid desensitization and long-term allergen-specific immune tolerance, and suppression of allergic inflammation in the affected tissues. During SIT, peripheral tolerance is induced by the generation of allergen-specific regulatory T cells, which suppress proliferative and cytokine responses against the allergen of interest. Regulatory T cells are characterized by IL-10 and TGF-beta secretion and expression of important cell surface suppressive molecules such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 and programmed death-1 that directly or indirectly influence effector cells of allergic inflammation, such as mast cells, basophils and eosinophils. Regulatory T cells and particularly IL-10 also have an influence on B cells, suppressing IgE production and inducing the production of blocking type IgG4 antibodies. In addition, development of allergen-specific B regulatory cells that produce IL-10 and develop into IgG4 producing plasma cells represent essential players in peripheral tolerance. These findings together with the new biotechnological approaches create a platform for development of the advanced vaccines. Moreover, reliable biomarkers could be selected and validated with the intention to select the patients who will benefit most from this immune-modifying treatment. Thus, allergen-SIT could provide a complete cure for a larger number of allergic patients and novel preventive approaches need to be elaborated.Öğe Akış sitometri ve veteriner hekimlikteki uygulamaları(2012) Azkur, Ahmet Kürşat; Aslan, Muhammet ErenAkış sitometri hücrelerin fenotipik ve karakteristik özelliklerini kalitatif ve kantitatif olarak inceleyen bir cihazdır. Bu cihaz ile, hücrenin yüzey ve iç proteinleri, organelleri ve diğer bileşenleri analiz ve ayrımı, lazer ve elektronik teknolojisi kullanılarak büyüklük, granülarite ve floresans emisyonu esasına göre gerçekleştirilmektedir. Kısa bir süre içinde heterojen bir popülasyonda analiz yapma ve yüksek saflıkta hücre ayırma yeteneğine sahip olan güçlü bir araçtır. Akış sitometri beşeri hekimlikte hematoloji, immünoloji ve klinik uygulamalarda yaygın olarak kullanılmasının yanı sıra immünoloji laboratuarları nın vazgeçilmez bir parçası olmuştur. Akış sitometri, son yıllarda geniş kullanım alanı ile veteriner hekimlik içinde önemli bir araştırma ve klinik teşhis aracı haline gelmiştir. Veteriner hekimlerin klinik saha çalışmalarında akış sitometri cihazlarını kullanmaları sayesinde, hayvan ve insan refahını olumsuz etkileyen birçok persiste ve/veya klinik enfeksiyonun tespiti ve tedavisi çok kısa sürede, kolaylıkla yapılabilecektir. Veteriner hekimlikte akış sitometri kullanımının yaygınlığının sağlanması kullanılan ayıraç maddelerin azlığının giderilip, daha fazla sayıda monoklonal antikorun ticari olarak elde edilebilir ve kullanılabilir hale getirilmesi ile mümkündür. Bu rapor ile akış sitometrinin genel prensipleri, avantajları ve veteriner hekimlikte kullanılan uygulamaları derlenmiştir.
