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Öğe Taxonomy of origanum L. (Lamiaceae)(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2021) Dirmenci, Tuncay; Arabaci, Turan; Özcan, Taner; Drew, Bryan; Yazici, Türker; Martin, Esra; Celep, FerhatOriganum (Subfamily Nepetoideae, tribe Mentheae, subtribe Menthinae) contains several species commonly used as spices, tea, and for medicinal purposes, and is one of the most commercially important genera within the family Lamiaceae. Origanum is found exclusively in the Northern Hemisphere of the Old World, with 90% of the taxa occurring in the Mediterranean region. Although members of the genus are predominantly distributed in the Mediterranean region, there are also species (e.g., O. vulgare s.l.) distributed from the Azores to Taiwan and throughout much of Eurasia. Diploid chromosome numbers have been reported as 2n = 28, 30 and 32, with the basic number x = 15. Hybridization is quite common (~52% of species) within Origanum, and can occur between individuals belonging to the same or different generic sections. Homoploid hybridization appears to be the primary ploidy mechanism within the genus. Here, we define Origanum as having 42 species (49 taxa) and 22 hybrids, and provide an updated sectional delimitation of the genus. In addition to providing taxonomic clarification, information including gross morphological characters, photographs and drawings, distribution, ecology, and cytology of the genus are also provided. © 2022 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.Öğe Expressions of cytochrome p450 family and molecular mechanisms in breast cancer(Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2020) Oğuztüzün, Serpil; Türk, Bilge Aydin; Yıldırım, IşılCytochrome P450 enzymes (CYPs) is an important group of the phase I enzymes family. They protect the metabolism of environmental chemicals, and their genetic variations which are associated with the risk of several forms of cancer including breast cancer. The expressions of individual CYPs were observed in different types of human breast cancers. The changes of these expressions of CYPs may enhance the development and proliferation of breast tumor cells and provoke tumor development through activation of procarcinogens or expression of CYP genes that take place in the biosynthesis of steroids, especially estrogen. Moreover, it affects the etiology of breast cancer and they may also change the response to treatment. That's why the expression of CYP has a critical role in breast cancer. Therefore, this study was carried out to compare the molecular mechanism of CYP family members on breast cancer and the distinct biological processes with each other. © 2020 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
