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Tissue expression of glutathione S transferase isoenzymes in vitiligo
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Uzunçakmak, Tuğba Kevser; Özkanlı, Şeyma; Koçdoğan, Arzu Kaya; Oğuztüzün, Serpil; Karadağ, Ayşe Serap; Özlü, Emin; Akdeniz, Necmettin
The association of glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes with vitiligo is inconclusive. To evaluate tissue expressions of GST isoenzymes in vitiligo patients and to compare these expressions with healthy controls, we used 26 active depigmented patches on the trunk of vitiligo patients and 20 healthy sex and age matched controls. Punch biopsies were taken from the lesioned or normal skin. Tissue expression of GST isoenzymes were analyzed immunohistochemically. Tissue expression of GSTT1, GSTA1 and GSTP1 was significantly higher in the patient group than controls. Tissue expression of GSTM1 was not significantly different between the two groups. The increased tissue expression of GSTT1, GSTA1 and GSTP1 may represent a response to excess free radical formation in vitiligo and may support the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.
Three new Zodarion species (Araneae: Zodariidae) from Southeastern Turkey
(Magnolia Press, 2021) Coşar, İlhan; Danışman, Tarık
Three new species of zodariid spiders are described from Turkey: Zodarion ozkutuki spec. nov., Zodarion turkesi spec. nov. and Zodarion yagmuri spec. nov. New photographs of genitalia are provided for Zodarion van Bosmans 2009.
The Steppe Vegetation of Dinek Mountain (Kırıkkale)
(Gazi Univ, 2005) Hamzaoğlu, Ergin
In this study, the steppe vegetation of Dinek Mountain (Kirikkale) was analysed by Braun-Blanquet's method. All the associations described in the area, were included in the alliance of Arenario ledebouriana-Astragalion plumosi Akman 1990 regarding to their ecological and floristic peculiarities. This alliance includes the order of Onobrychido armenae-Thymetalia leucostomi Akman, Ketenoglu & Quezel 1985, and the class of Astragalo microcephali-Brometea tomentelli Quezel 1973.
The taxonomic significance of leaf epidermal micromorphological characters of some Brassicaceae species in Turkey
(Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2023) Erden, Ayşe; Menemen, Yusuf
Leaf epidermal micromorphological characters were examined using light and scanning electron microscopes in 43 taxa belonging to 30 genera of Brassicaceae. The cell curvature of the periclinal wall has an important influence on the surface roughness and stands out as an important character in the separation of some closely related species. The course of the anticlinal cell wall can be straight or uneven. Uneven anticlines could be further divided into arched, straight to arched, repand, sinuous, and undulate. Undulations of anticlinal cell walls could increase the mechanical stability of the epidermis tissue. Epicuticular surface ornamentation comprised 4 types: smooth, striate, wrinkled, and ridged. In general, wrinkled and ridged were the most common types. Different types of wax layers were found in different taxa growing in the same climatic conditions. Therefore, wax diversification may be is an important feature at all taxonomic hierarchy from species to tribal level. The stomata were amphistomatic, and anisocytic in all the species, while anomocytic stomata were found in some species too. It was revealed that the low stomatal index values of some species growing on high, stony-rocky areas are directly related to the climatic conditions and habitat that the plant is exposed to. It was also observed that the stomatal index was higher in species growing in lower areas and prefer moist soil. As a result, this study showed that the shape, measurement, surface curvature, anticlinal cell wall, stomata type, stomatal index, epicuticular surface ornamentation and waxy cover of the leaf epidermis cells could be important characters for distinguishing the species, genera and tribes within the familly.
The genomes of Darwin's primroses reveal chromosome-scale adaptive introgression and differential permeability of species boundaries
(Wiley, 2024) Stubbs, Rebecca L.; Theodoridis, Spyros; Mora-Carrera, Emiliano; Keller, Barbara; Potente, Giacomo; Yousefi, Narjes; Jay, Paul
Introgression is an important source of genetic variation that can determine species adaptation to environmental conditions. Yet, definitive evidence of the genomic and adaptive implications of introgression in nature remains scarce. The widespread hybrid zones of Darwin's primroses (Primula elatior, Primula veris, and Primula vulgaris) provide a unique natural laboratory for studying introgression in flowering plants and the varying permeability of species boundaries. Through analysis of 650 genomes, we provide evidence of an introgressed genomic region likely to confer adaptive advantage in conditions of soil toxicity. We also document unequivocal evidence of chloroplast introgression, an important precursor to species-wide chloroplast capture. Finally, we provide the first evidence that the S-locus supergene, which controls heterostyly in primroses, does not introgress in this clade. Our results contribute novel insights into the adaptive role of introgression and demonstrate the importance of extensive genomic and geographical sampling for illuminating the complex nature of species boundaries.
The comparative protein profiles of venom and venom gland extracts of Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae: Agelenidae)
(Gazi Univ, 2005) Yiğit, Nazife
Spider venoms are biologically active substances which affect a variety of vital physiological functions in both insects and mammals. The major constituents of spider venoms are protein, polypeptide and polyamine neurotoxins, enzymes, nucleic acids, free amino acids, monoamines and inorganic salts. The identification of the proteins in spider venoms is an essential step for identification of venom. In this study, we compared with protein profiles of Agelena labyrinthica venom obtained by electrostimulation of the prosoma and extracted directly from gland. There were seven components identified in whole venom, when whole venom and venom gland extracts composition of A. labyrinthica were compared by SDS-PAGE.
The Administration of Steroids and its Impact on Caspase-3 Expression in Pediatric Adenoid Hypertrophy
(Springer India, 2024) Apaydin, Emre; Yaşar, Buse; Şimşek, Gülçin; Kaygın, Pınar; Sarıaltın, Sezen Yılmaz; Dirican, Onur; Çetin, Hazal Eylem
ObjectiveAdenoid hypertrophy is a prevalent pediatric condition, often necessitating surgical intervention. Intranasal steroid administration shows promise as a conservative treatment, particularly by inducing apoptosis in adenoidal cells, leading to a reduction in adenoid size and inflammation. This study aims to characterize the expression profile of caspase-3 as an apoptotic inducer protein in inflammatory and epithelial adenoid tissues and explore its association with steroid administration. MethodsWe performed immunohistochemical staining for caspase-3 proteins in adenoid tissues obtained from 51 pediatric patients aged between 2.5 and 12 years (mean age: 6.09 +/- 2.1 years) who underwent adenoid surgery. A retrospective analysis of clinical data was conducted, categorizing participants into steroid treatment receivers (n = 25) and non-receivers (n = 26). Subsequently, the lymphoid inflammatory tissue and epithelial tissue from the adenoid were compared in terms of caspase-3 protein expression, and associated clinical variables were assessed. ResultsImmunohistochemical analysis revealed significant caspase-3 expression in inflammatory tissues. The expression levels were scored, and no significant correlation was observed between inflammation and epithelium based on caspase-3 expression (correlation coefficient = 0.143; p > 0.05). Furthermore, demographic and clinical characteristics did not show a statistically significant difference in caspase-3 expression levels. ConclusionCaspase-3 expression was significant in inflammatory adenoid tissue, but it showed no association with nasal steroid administration.
Synopsis of the Central Asian Salvia species with identification key
(Magnolia Press, 2022) Turdiboev, Obidjon A.; Shormanova, Aijamal A.; Sheludyakova, Mariya B.; Akbarov, Feruz; Drew, Bryan T.; Celep, Ferhat
The genus Salvia is comprised of about 1000 species and has diversity hotspots in the Americas, East Asia, southwest Asia and the Mediterranean region. Central Asia also possesses considerable Salvia species diversity but is understudied relative to the aforementioned diversity hotspots. To help remedy this deficiency, we present a synopsis of Central Asian Salvia species based on extensive fieldwork, herbarium consultation, and literature surveys focusing on Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan (i.e., Central Asia). According to our final taxonomic revision, there are 41 species of native Salvia in the flora of Central Asia, 24 of which are endemic. Salvia ariana from Tajikistan and S. spinosa from Kazakhstan are documented from the respective countries for the first time, and the presence of S. tianschanica from Tajikistan and S. verticillata from Kazakhstan has been confirmed. In addition, the neotypification of S. deserta and three lectotypifications (Perovskia abrotanoides, S. bucharica and S. trautvetterii) are provided. Furthermore, we synonymized six species of Salvia that were previously reported from Central Asia, including S. intercedens, S. kopetdaghensis, S. linczevskii, S. lipskyi, S. semilanata and S. stepposa. Finally, a new species identification key for Central Asian Salvia is presented based on the new nomenclature changes and our taxonomic revision.
Stigma shape shifting in sages (Salvia: Lamiaceae): hummingbirds guided the evolution of New World floral features
(Oxford Univ Press, 2022) Kriebel, Ricardo; Drew, Bryan T.; Gonzalez-Gallegos, Jesus G.; Celep, Ferhat; Antar, Guilherme M.; Pastore, Jose Floriano Barea; Uria, Rolando
A fundamental question in evolutionary biology is how clades of organisms exert influence on one another. The evolution of the flower and subsequent plant/pollinator coevolution are major innovations that have operated in flowering plants to promote species radiations at a variety of taxonomic levels in the Neotropics. Here we test the hypothesis that pollination by Neotropical endemic hummingbirds drove the evolution of two unique stigma traits in correlation with other floral traits in New World Salvia (Lamiaceae). We examined morphometric shapes of stigma lobing across 400 Salvia spp., scored presence and absence of a stigma brush across Salvia, and used a suite of phylogenetic comparative methods to detect shape regime shifts, correlation of trait shifts with BayesTraits and phylogenetic generalized least square regressions, and the influence of scored pollinators on trait evolution using OUwie. We found that a major Neotropical clade of Salvia evolved a correlated set of stigma features, with a longer upper stigma lobe and stigmatic brush, following an early shift to hummingbird pollination. Evolutionary constraint is evident as subsequent shifts to bee pollination largely retained these two features. Our results support the hypothesis that hummingbirds guided the correlative shifts in corolla, anther connective, style and stigma shape in Neotropical Salvia, despite repeated shifts back to bee pollination.
Size-selective microplastic uptake by freshwater organisms: Fish, mussel, and zooplankton
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Kankılıç, Gökben Başaran; Koraltan, Idris; Erkmen, Belda; Çağan, Ali Serhan; Çırak, Tamer; Özen, Mihriban; Seyfe, Melike
Microplastics, as an emergent pollutant, have garnered substantial attention within aquatic environments, yet a significant knowledge gap persists regarding the interplay of organism size and pollution impacts on microplastic uptake in freshwater ecosystems. The main aim of the current study is to assess the microplastic ingestion by aquatic organisms across diverse trophic levels. To achieve this objective, zooplankton, mussels (Anodonta anatina), and fish (Carassius gibelio) were collected from the highly polluted Susurluk River Basin in Turkiye. The size distribution encompassed 160.8 & PLUSMN; 56.9 & mu;m for the prevailing zooplankton, 6.9 & PLUSMN; 2.2 cm for mussel, and 20.4 & PLUSMN; 3.1 cm for fish, respectively. While no microplastic ingestion was observed among zooplankton, the finding highlights the influence of body-size and pollution on microplastic ingestion. In contrast, A. anatina and C. gibelio contained 617 and 792 microplastic particles, respectively. Predominantly, fibers emerged as the most prevalent microplastic type across trophic levels (except zooplankton) followed by films. Notably, only fish exhibited fragments within their gastrointestinal tract. A substantial correlation emerged between microplastic abundance and mussel size and weight, but no such correlation manifested for fish. The study also revealed a positive link between microplastic count and turbidity (phosphate and high Chl a level), impacting mussel ingestion capacity due to the variability in the food availability and potential shifts in feeding preferences. Conversely, no distinct pattern emerged for fish concerning water quality parameters and ingested microplastics. Consequently, our study underscores diverse microplastic uptake patterns in freshwater ecosystems, with a predominant frequency of microplastics falling with the 0.3 mm-3.0 mm range, emphasizing the significance of size-selective uptake by organisms.
Sage Insights Into the Phylogeny of Salvia: Dealing With Sources of Discordance Within and Across Genomes
(Frontiers Media Sa, 2021) Rose, Jeffrey P.; Kriebel, Ricardo; Kahan, Larissa; DiNicola, Alexa; Gonzalez-Gallegos, Jesus G.; Celep, Ferhat; Lemmon, Emily M.
Next-generation sequencing technologies have facilitated new phylogenomic approaches to help clarify previously intractable relationships while simultaneously highlighting the pervasive nature of incongruence within and among genomes that can complicate definitive taxonomic conclusions. Salvia L., with similar to 1,000 species, makes up nearly 15% of the species diversity in the mint family and has attracted great interest from biologists across subdisciplines. Despite the great progress that has been achieved in discerning the placement of Salvia within Lamiaceae and in clarifying its infrageneric relationships through plastid, nuclear ribosomal, and nuclear single-copy genes, the incomplete resolution has left open major questions regarding the phylogenetic relationships among and within the subgenera, as well as to what extent the infrageneric relationships differ across genomes. We expanded a previously published anchored hybrid enrichment dataset of 35 exemplars of Salvia to 179 terminals. We also reconstructed nearly complete plastomes for these samples from off-target reads. We used these data to examine the concordance and discordance among the nuclear loci and between the nuclear and plastid genomes in detail, elucidating both broad-scale and species-level relationships within Salvia. We found that despite the widespread gene tree discordance, nuclear phylogenies reconstructed using concatenated, coalescent, and network-based approaches recover a common backbone topology. Moreover, all subgenera, except for Audibertia, are strongly supported as monophyletic in all analyses. The plastome genealogy is largely resolved and is congruent with the nuclear backbone. However, multiple analyses suggest that incomplete lineage sorting does not fully explain the gene tree discordance. Instead, horizontal gene flow has been important in both the deep and more recent history of Salvia. Our results provide a robust species tree of Salvia across phylogenetic scales and genomes. Future comparative analyses in the genus will need to account for the impacts of hybridization/introgression and incomplete lineage sorting in topology and divergence time estimation.
Resurrection of Lamium ponticum (Lamiaceae) with a new subspecies, Lamium ponticum subsp. an atolicum, from Turkey
(Magnolia Press, 2021) Celep, Ferhat; Karaer, Fergan; Duman, Hayri
Lamium ponticum, known from central and eastern Black Sea region of Turkey, is an endemic species with white flowers. However, it was evaluated as a synonym of L. moschatum subsp. micranthum in the last taxonomic revision the genus. During our revisional studies on the genus, we concluded that L. ponticum is completely different from L. moschatum subsp. micranthum. In addition, we collected some specimens from western Black Sea region of Turkey with pink-rose colored flowers, pinkish-purplish inflorescence and calyx, and greenish-pinkish bracts with pinkish-white spots at base, that looks quite different from the typical L. ponticum. Therefore, in this paper, we resurrected L. ponticum and described a new subspecies from western Black Sea region of Turkey. IUCN red list category, notes on biogeography and ecology of the new subspecies are also given.
Redescription of Ozyptila aculipalpa Wunderlich, 1995 (Araneae: Thomisidae), with a Description of Unknown Female
(Amer Entomol Soc, 2020) Danışman, Tarik; Coşar, İlhan
The poorly known crab spider Ozyptila aculipalpa Wunderlich, 1995 (Araneae, Thomisidae) was originally described on the basis of a male specimen from Iran. The species is redescribed here using new specimens collected from Turkey. The previously unknown female of this species is described for the first time.
Promoted Regeneration of Transected Facial Nerve Branches Using Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Relationship with Apoptosis: 9-Month Results
(Mediterranean Soc Otology & Audiology, 2010) Satar, Bülent; Öztaş, Emin; Hıdır, Yusuf; Erdoğan, Esra; Küçüktağ, Zülküf; Oğuztüzün, Serpil; Karahatay, Serdar
Objective: Our purpose is to investigate 9-month results of allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) application on the anastomosed nerve and to make a comparison of nerve regeneration between anastomosis+MSCs application and anastomosis only. Additionally, an association was sought between histologic outcome and level of apoptotic activity at 9th month. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in three rats. The right buccal branch was anastomosed with sutures following complete transection, and the anastomosis site was treated with homologous MSCs. The right marginal mandibular branch was left intact, but it was in contact with MSCs. The left buccal branch was transected and anastomosed in a similar manner except for MSCs application. The left side marginal mandibular branch was left intact. At month 9, the surgical field was re-explored. Two nerve samples from four facial nerve branches, each 0.5 mm in length, were taken from distal to the anastomosis site, one for apoptosis and the other for histologic examination. Apoptosis was investigated and scored in two rats using TUNEL assay. Results: The histologic examination displayed regularly spaced axons with myelin sheath of appropriate thickness in intact nerve segments and nerve segments in contact with MSCs. Samples from those nerves anastomosed only and those anastomosed+MSCs treatment consisted of grouping axons in different size. These axons were enveloped by myelin sheath of some thickness. Quantitative measurements of axon diameter and myelin thickness compared favorably with those nerves anastomosed+ MSCs treatment versus anastomosed only. However, the difference between the two was not apparent as previous months. Intensity of apoptosis at month 9 was not found to correlate with histologic outcome, injury and use of MSCs. Conclusion: This 9-month study confirmed that use of MSCs in an anastomosed nerve promoted axonal regeneration and myelination. Apoptosis at month 9 does neither relate to histologic outcome nor use of MSC and previous injury.
Assessment of heavy metal pollution with different indices in Sureyyabey dam lake in Turkey
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Erdoğan, Şeyda; Kankılıç, Gökben Başaran; Seyfe, Merve; Tavşanoğlu, Ülkü Nihan; Akın, Şenol
The current study, for the first time, focused on the determination of pollution levels and spatial distribution of heavy metals in Sureyyabey Dam Lake which is an important water source for the surrounding area. Water and sediment samples were taken seasonally from six sites exposed to different anthropogenic impacts. The most enriched elements in the Dam Lake were As, Cd, Mo, and Pb. In all sampling sites, the average heavy metal concentrations indicated low risk except for Cd and Pb which were classified in the moderate ecological risk class. Overall, the ecological risk was low for one site (S3) because of the far distance from the residential areas, while the ecological risk of the other stations was moderate. According to water analysis results, the aquatic life criteria could not be met for Zn, Cu, Cr, and Hg in Sureyyabey Dam Lake. Although the dam lake is used only for irrigation purposes, the Sureyyabey Dam Lake water is not suitable for drinking according to the metal limit values of the World Health Organisation. The results of the current study will contribute to the awareness of local authorities by using several indices on taking the necessary precautions.
Assessing microplastic pollution in a river basin: A multidisciplinary study on circularity, sustainability, and socio-economic impacts
(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2024) Tavsanoglu, Ulku Nihan; Koraltan, Idrisdris; Kankilic, Gokben Basaran; Cirak, Tamer; Erturk, Seyma; Urker, Okan; Guclu, Pembe
Plastic pollution has emerged as a significant environmental challenge worldwide, posing serious threats to ecosystems and human health. This study seeks to explore the interplay among circularity, sustainability, and the release of microplastics within the freshwater ecosystems situated along the western Black Sea coast- D & uuml;zce, T & uuml;rkiye. Employing a multidisciplinary approach that integrates environmental science, economics, and policy analysis, the research examines the current state of plastic pollution in the region, considering diverse land uses and socio-economic lifestyles. Conducted over four different seasons, the current study identifies the prevailing types of microplastics in the region. Fibers dominate, comprising 86.7% in each season, followed by film and fragments at 7.7% and 7.0%, respectively. Notably, polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) emerges as the primary polymer types. The distribution of polymer types varies across different land uses within the region, emphasizing the influential role of land use in shaping the abundance polymer composition. The comprehensive assessment of pollution, as reflected in the overall pollution load index (PLI) of the Melen River indicating a concerning level of pollution (PLI>1). Finally, the study unveiled the relationship between socio-economic activities as well as the seasonal precipitation patterns, and microplastic contamination in the region. This underscored the importance of site-specific mitigation measures on reducing the amount of microplastics. Lastly, incorporating sustainable practices within the circular economy framework fosters a harmonious balance between economic development and environmental protection in T & uuml;rkiye.
Application of Artificial Neural Network-Based Approach for Calculating Dissolved Oxygen Profiles in Kapulukaya Dam Reservoir
(Centre Environment Social & Economic Research Publ-Ceser, 2007) Tüzün, İlhami; Soyupak, Selçuk; İnce, Özlem; Başaran, Gökben
An Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modelling approach has been shown to be successful in calculating time and space dependent dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration profiles in Kapulukaya Dam Reservoir using limited number of input variables. The variation of inflow to the reservoir with respect to time was significantly high. The reservoir operational levels were relatively stable. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was adopted during training. Preprocessing before training and post processing after simulation steps were the treatments applied to raw data and predictions respectively. Different configurations of Multilayer perceptron neural networks were designed by selecting different combinations of number of hidden layers (single and double) and number of neurons within each of the hidden layers. Generalisation was improved and over-fitting problems were eliminated: Early stopping method was applied for improving generalisation. The conventional model criteria of correlation coefficient (R) and mean square errors (MSE) were adopted to compare model performances. The correlation coefficients between neural network estimates and field measurements were as high as 0.96 for daily and monthly data respectively with experiments that involve double layer neural network structure with 31 neurons within each hidden layer. The study results revealed that the data sizes effect model performances up to a certain level.
Antimicrobial activity of 4-subtituted-styrl-2-azetindinones
(Turkish Pharmacists Assoc, 2005) Tan, Sema; Güner, Vildan Adar; Ergene, Aysun
In this study, antimicrobial activity of previously synthesized 1-(Substituted phenyl)-4-(substituted styryl)-2-azetidinones(3a-i) have been examined. All compounds have been tested against Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria and yeasts. It was found that activity is not significantly influenced by the substituents on the ring.
A review of plastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems of Turkey
(Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Çevik, Cem; Kideys, Ahmet Erkan; Tavşanoğlu, Ülkü Nihan; Kankılıç, Gökben Başaran; Gündoğdu, Sedat
Turkey is one of the major plastic pollution sources in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. This review summarizes present information, data, and legislation on plastic pollution in Turkish aquatic ecosystems. According to results derived from reviewed studies, both macro- and microplastic pollutions were documented in Turkish aquatic ecosystems. Most of the studies on plastic pollution in Turkish waters were performed in the marine environment while only four were conducted in freshwater environments. Spatially, the majority of these studies, which were on levels in the marine environment, were conducted on the northeastern Mediterranean coasts of Turkey, especially Iskenderun and Mersin Bays. Additional studies were carried out on either the ingestion/presence/impact of microplastics by/to aquatic organisms or the entanglement of marine organisms in plastics. There were also studies assessing the microplastic content of commercial salt, and another has reported microplastic presence in traditional stuffed mussels sold in Turkish streets. Some studies were conducted on microplastic presence and/or their removal in wastewater treatment plants in Mersin, Adana, Mugla, and Istanbul cities. Macro- and microliter loading from a few Turkish rivers to the sea was also estimated. All these investigations indicate that Turkish aquatic environments have significant plastic pollution problems, which were also underlined by the legislative studies. The need for further studies in this field still exists, especially in freshwater environments.
A New Species of the Genus Leptonetela Kratochvil, 1978 (Araneae: Leptonetidae) from Turkey
(Inst Zoology, Bas, 2021) Danışman, Tarık; Coşar, İlhan
Leptonetela turcica sp. n. is described and illustrated based on material collected in the Kahramanmaras Province of Turkey. Differences between the new species and the closely related species are discussed.

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