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Öğe The genomes of Darwin's primroses reveal chromosome-scale adaptive introgression and differential permeability of species boundaries(Wiley, 2024) Stubbs, Rebecca L.; Theodoridis, Spyros; Mora-Carrera, Emiliano; Keller, Barbara; Potente, Giacomo; Yousefi, Narjes; Jay, PaulIntrogression is an important source of genetic variation that can determine species adaptation to environmental conditions. Yet, definitive evidence of the genomic and adaptive implications of introgression in nature remains scarce. The widespread hybrid zones of Darwin's primroses (Primula elatior, Primula veris, and Primula vulgaris) provide a unique natural laboratory for studying introgression in flowering plants and the varying permeability of species boundaries. Through analysis of 650 genomes, we provide evidence of an introgressed genomic region likely to confer adaptive advantage in conditions of soil toxicity. We also document unequivocal evidence of chloroplast introgression, an important precursor to species-wide chloroplast capture. Finally, we provide the first evidence that the S-locus supergene, which controls heterostyly in primroses, does not introgress in this clade. Our results contribute novel insights into the adaptive role of introgression and demonstrate the importance of extensive genomic and geographical sampling for illuminating the complex nature of species boundaries.Öğe The comparative protein profiles of venom and venom gland extracts of Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae: Agelenidae)(Gazi Univ, 2005) Yiğit, NazifeSpider venoms are biologically active substances which affect a variety of vital physiological functions in both insects and mammals. The major constituents of spider venoms are protein, polypeptide and polyamine neurotoxins, enzymes, nucleic acids, free amino acids, monoamines and inorganic salts. The identification of the proteins in spider venoms is an essential step for identification of venom. In this study, we compared with protein profiles of Agelena labyrinthica venom obtained by electrostimulation of the prosoma and extracted directly from gland. There were seven components identified in whole venom, when whole venom and venom gland extracts composition of A. labyrinthica were compared by SDS-PAGE.Öğe The Administration of Steroids and its Impact on Caspase-3 Expression in Pediatric Adenoid Hypertrophy(Springer India, 2024) Apaydin, Emre; Yaşar, Buse; Şimşek, Gülçin; Kaygın, Pınar; Sarıaltın, Sezen Yılmaz; Dirican, Onur; Çetin, Hazal EylemObjectiveAdenoid hypertrophy is a prevalent pediatric condition, often necessitating surgical intervention. Intranasal steroid administration shows promise as a conservative treatment, particularly by inducing apoptosis in adenoidal cells, leading to a reduction in adenoid size and inflammation. This study aims to characterize the expression profile of caspase-3 as an apoptotic inducer protein in inflammatory and epithelial adenoid tissues and explore its association with steroid administration. MethodsWe performed immunohistochemical staining for caspase-3 proteins in adenoid tissues obtained from 51 pediatric patients aged between 2.5 and 12 years (mean age: 6.09 +/- 2.1 years) who underwent adenoid surgery. A retrospective analysis of clinical data was conducted, categorizing participants into steroid treatment receivers (n = 25) and non-receivers (n = 26). Subsequently, the lymphoid inflammatory tissue and epithelial tissue from the adenoid were compared in terms of caspase-3 protein expression, and associated clinical variables were assessed. ResultsImmunohistochemical analysis revealed significant caspase-3 expression in inflammatory tissues. The expression levels were scored, and no significant correlation was observed between inflammation and epithelium based on caspase-3 expression (correlation coefficient = 0.143; p > 0.05). Furthermore, demographic and clinical characteristics did not show a statistically significant difference in caspase-3 expression levels. ConclusionCaspase-3 expression was significant in inflammatory adenoid tissue, but it showed no association with nasal steroid administration.Öğe Synopsis of the Central Asian Salvia species with identification key(Magnolia Press, 2022) Turdiboev, Obidjon A.; Shormanova, Aijamal A.; Sheludyakova, Mariya B.; Akbarov, Feruz; Drew, Bryan T.; Celep, FerhatThe genus Salvia is comprised of about 1000 species and has diversity hotspots in the Americas, East Asia, southwest Asia and the Mediterranean region. Central Asia also possesses considerable Salvia species diversity but is understudied relative to the aforementioned diversity hotspots. To help remedy this deficiency, we present a synopsis of Central Asian Salvia species based on extensive fieldwork, herbarium consultation, and literature surveys focusing on Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan (i.e., Central Asia). According to our final taxonomic revision, there are 41 species of native Salvia in the flora of Central Asia, 24 of which are endemic. Salvia ariana from Tajikistan and S. spinosa from Kazakhstan are documented from the respective countries for the first time, and the presence of S. tianschanica from Tajikistan and S. verticillata from Kazakhstan has been confirmed. In addition, the neotypification of S. deserta and three lectotypifications (Perovskia abrotanoides, S. bucharica and S. trautvetterii) are provided. Furthermore, we synonymized six species of Salvia that were previously reported from Central Asia, including S. intercedens, S. kopetdaghensis, S. linczevskii, S. lipskyi, S. semilanata and S. stepposa. Finally, a new species identification key for Central Asian Salvia is presented based on the new nomenclature changes and our taxonomic revision.Öğe Resurrection of Lamium ponticum (Lamiaceae) with a new subspecies, Lamium ponticum subsp. an atolicum, from Turkey(Magnolia Press, 2021) Celep, Ferhat; Karaer, Fergan; Duman, HayriLamium ponticum, known from central and eastern Black Sea region of Turkey, is an endemic species with white flowers. However, it was evaluated as a synonym of L. moschatum subsp. micranthum in the last taxonomic revision the genus. During our revisional studies on the genus, we concluded that L. ponticum is completely different from L. moschatum subsp. micranthum. In addition, we collected some specimens from western Black Sea region of Turkey with pink-rose colored flowers, pinkish-purplish inflorescence and calyx, and greenish-pinkish bracts with pinkish-white spots at base, that looks quite different from the typical L. ponticum. Therefore, in this paper, we resurrected L. ponticum and described a new subspecies from western Black Sea region of Turkey. IUCN red list category, notes on biogeography and ecology of the new subspecies are also given.Öğe Redescription of Ozyptila aculipalpa Wunderlich, 1995 (Araneae: Thomisidae), with a Description of Unknown Female(Amer Entomol Soc, 2020) Danışman, Tarik; Coşar, İlhanThe poorly known crab spider Ozyptila aculipalpa Wunderlich, 1995 (Araneae, Thomisidae) was originally described on the basis of a male specimen from Iran. The species is redescribed here using new specimens collected from Turkey. The previously unknown female of this species is described for the first time.Öğe Promoted Regeneration of Transected Facial Nerve Branches Using Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Relationship with Apoptosis: 9-Month Results(Mediterranean Soc Otology & Audiology, 2010) Satar, Bülent; Öztaş, Emin; Hıdır, Yusuf; Erdoğan, Esra; Küçüktağ, Zülküf; Oğuztüzün, Serpil; Karahatay, SerdarObjective: Our purpose is to investigate 9-month results of allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) application on the anastomosed nerve and to make a comparison of nerve regeneration between anastomosis+MSCs application and anastomosis only. Additionally, an association was sought between histologic outcome and level of apoptotic activity at 9th month. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in three rats. The right buccal branch was anastomosed with sutures following complete transection, and the anastomosis site was treated with homologous MSCs. The right marginal mandibular branch was left intact, but it was in contact with MSCs. The left buccal branch was transected and anastomosed in a similar manner except for MSCs application. The left side marginal mandibular branch was left intact. At month 9, the surgical field was re-explored. Two nerve samples from four facial nerve branches, each 0.5 mm in length, were taken from distal to the anastomosis site, one for apoptosis and the other for histologic examination. Apoptosis was investigated and scored in two rats using TUNEL assay. Results: The histologic examination displayed regularly spaced axons with myelin sheath of appropriate thickness in intact nerve segments and nerve segments in contact with MSCs. Samples from those nerves anastomosed only and those anastomosed+MSCs treatment consisted of grouping axons in different size. These axons were enveloped by myelin sheath of some thickness. Quantitative measurements of axon diameter and myelin thickness compared favorably with those nerves anastomosed+ MSCs treatment versus anastomosed only. However, the difference between the two was not apparent as previous months. Intensity of apoptosis at month 9 was not found to correlate with histologic outcome, injury and use of MSCs. Conclusion: This 9-month study confirmed that use of MSCs in an anastomosed nerve promoted axonal regeneration and myelination. Apoptosis at month 9 does neither relate to histologic outcome nor use of MSC and previous injury.Öğe Assessment of heavy metal pollution with different indices in Sureyyabey dam lake in Turkey(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2023) Erdoğan, Şeyda; Kankılıç, Gökben Başaran; Seyfe, Merve; Tavşanoğlu, Ülkü Nihan; Akın, ŞenolThe current study, for the first time, focused on the determination of pollution levels and spatial distribution of heavy metals in Sureyyabey Dam Lake which is an important water source for the surrounding area. Water and sediment samples were taken seasonally from six sites exposed to different anthropogenic impacts. The most enriched elements in the Dam Lake were As, Cd, Mo, and Pb. In all sampling sites, the average heavy metal concentrations indicated low risk except for Cd and Pb which were classified in the moderate ecological risk class. Overall, the ecological risk was low for one site (S3) because of the far distance from the residential areas, while the ecological risk of the other stations was moderate. According to water analysis results, the aquatic life criteria could not be met for Zn, Cu, Cr, and Hg in Sureyyabey Dam Lake. Although the dam lake is used only for irrigation purposes, the Sureyyabey Dam Lake water is not suitable for drinking according to the metal limit values of the World Health Organisation. The results of the current study will contribute to the awareness of local authorities by using several indices on taking the necessary precautions.Öğe Assessing microplastic pollution in a river basin: A multidisciplinary study on circularity, sustainability, and socio-economic impacts(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2024) Tavsanoglu, Ulku Nihan; Koraltan, Idrisdris; Kankilic, Gokben Basaran; Cirak, Tamer; Erturk, Seyma; Urker, Okan; Guclu, PembePlastic pollution has emerged as a significant environmental challenge worldwide, posing serious threats to ecosystems and human health. This study seeks to explore the interplay among circularity, sustainability, and the release of microplastics within the freshwater ecosystems situated along the western Black Sea coast- D & uuml;zce, T & uuml;rkiye. Employing a multidisciplinary approach that integrates environmental science, economics, and policy analysis, the research examines the current state of plastic pollution in the region, considering diverse land uses and socio-economic lifestyles. Conducted over four different seasons, the current study identifies the prevailing types of microplastics in the region. Fibers dominate, comprising 86.7% in each season, followed by film and fragments at 7.7% and 7.0%, respectively. Notably, polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) emerges as the primary polymer types. The distribution of polymer types varies across different land uses within the region, emphasizing the influential role of land use in shaping the abundance polymer composition. The comprehensive assessment of pollution, as reflected in the overall pollution load index (PLI) of the Melen River indicating a concerning level of pollution (PLI>1). Finally, the study unveiled the relationship between socio-economic activities as well as the seasonal precipitation patterns, and microplastic contamination in the region. This underscored the importance of site-specific mitigation measures on reducing the amount of microplastics. Lastly, incorporating sustainable practices within the circular economy framework fosters a harmonious balance between economic development and environmental protection in T & uuml;rkiye.Öğe Application of Artificial Neural Network-Based Approach for Calculating Dissolved Oxygen Profiles in Kapulukaya Dam Reservoir(Centre Environment Social & Economic Research Publ-Ceser, 2007) Tüzün, İlhami; Soyupak, Selçuk; İnce, Özlem; Başaran, GökbenAn Artificial Neural Network (ANN) modelling approach has been shown to be successful in calculating time and space dependent dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration profiles in Kapulukaya Dam Reservoir using limited number of input variables. The variation of inflow to the reservoir with respect to time was significantly high. The reservoir operational levels were relatively stable. The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was adopted during training. Preprocessing before training and post processing after simulation steps were the treatments applied to raw data and predictions respectively. Different configurations of Multilayer perceptron neural networks were designed by selecting different combinations of number of hidden layers (single and double) and number of neurons within each of the hidden layers. Generalisation was improved and over-fitting problems were eliminated: Early stopping method was applied for improving generalisation. The conventional model criteria of correlation coefficient (R) and mean square errors (MSE) were adopted to compare model performances. The correlation coefficients between neural network estimates and field measurements were as high as 0.96 for daily and monthly data respectively with experiments that involve double layer neural network structure with 31 neurons within each hidden layer. The study results revealed that the data sizes effect model performances up to a certain level.Öğe Antimicrobial activity of 4-subtituted-styrl-2-azetindinones(Turkish Pharmacists Assoc, 2005) Tan, Sema; Güner, Vildan Adar; Ergene, AysunIn this study, antimicrobial activity of previously synthesized 1-(Substituted phenyl)-4-(substituted styryl)-2-azetidinones(3a-i) have been examined. All compounds have been tested against Gram(+) and Gram(-) bacteria and yeasts. It was found that activity is not significantly influenced by the substituents on the ring.Öğe A review of plastic pollution in aquatic ecosystems of Turkey(Springer Heidelberg, 2022) Çevik, Cem; Kideys, Ahmet Erkan; Tavşanoğlu, Ülkü Nihan; Kankılıç, Gökben Başaran; Gündoğdu, SedatTurkey is one of the major plastic pollution sources in the Mediterranean and the Black Sea. This review summarizes present information, data, and legislation on plastic pollution in Turkish aquatic ecosystems. According to results derived from reviewed studies, both macro- and microplastic pollutions were documented in Turkish aquatic ecosystems. Most of the studies on plastic pollution in Turkish waters were performed in the marine environment while only four were conducted in freshwater environments. Spatially, the majority of these studies, which were on levels in the marine environment, were conducted on the northeastern Mediterranean coasts of Turkey, especially Iskenderun and Mersin Bays. Additional studies were carried out on either the ingestion/presence/impact of microplastics by/to aquatic organisms or the entanglement of marine organisms in plastics. There were also studies assessing the microplastic content of commercial salt, and another has reported microplastic presence in traditional stuffed mussels sold in Turkish streets. Some studies were conducted on microplastic presence and/or their removal in wastewater treatment plants in Mersin, Adana, Mugla, and Istanbul cities. Macro- and microliter loading from a few Turkish rivers to the sea was also estimated. All these investigations indicate that Turkish aquatic environments have significant plastic pollution problems, which were also underlined by the legislative studies. The need for further studies in this field still exists, especially in freshwater environments.Öğe A New Species of the Genus Leptonetela Kratochvil, 1978 (Araneae: Leptonetidae) from Turkey(Inst Zoology, Bas, 2021) Danışman, Tarık; Coşar, İlhanLeptonetela turcica sp. n. is described and illustrated based on material collected in the Kahramanmaras Province of Turkey. Differences between the new species and the closely related species are discussed.Öğe A new species of spinibarbe species-group of Zodarion (Araneae: Zodariidae) from Turkey(Kmk Scientific Press Ltd, Moscow State Univ, 2024) Coşar, İlhan; Danışman, TarıkA new species, Zodarion yigitakcai sp.n. (male 9) is described from Kahramanmara and Osmaniye provinces of Turkey. This contribution increases the total number of Zodarion species known from this country to 33. The distribution records of the new species and its comparative materials Z. barbarae Bosmans, 2009 and Z. spinibarb e Wunderlich, 1973 in Turkey are also mapped.Öğe The antibacterial activity of hemolymph of spider, Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae: Agelenidae)(Kastamonu Univ, Orman Fak, 2008) Yigit, Nazife; Benli, MehlikaSince the number of microorganisms which are resistant to antibiotics have been increasing steadily, the need for treating these pathogens requires novel and efficacious antimicrobial agents, both in medicine and in agriculture. In our study, the hemolymph of Agelena labyrinthica (Clerck, 1757) (Araneae: Agelenidae) which is considered as an alternative resource for antibiotics, was tested against ten bacterial strains, and it was found that five out of ten strains were sensitive to hemolymph. The sensitive bacterial strains were Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigella sp., Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus. Our results showed that spider hemolymph had antibacterial effects. This is the first study about antibacterial effects of A. labyrinthica's hemolymph.Öğe Contributions to the genus Zodarion Walckenaer, 1826 in Turkey, with the description of a new species (Araneae: Zodariidae)(Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2021) Coşar, İlhan; Danışman, Tarık; Yağmur, Ersen AydınIn this paper, two species are newly recognized in Turkey. One is new to science, described as Zodarion kunti sp. n. (male, female) from southeast Anatolian region. The other, Zodarion christae Bosmans, 2009 is found for the first time in Denizli, Antalya, and Mugla provinces.Öğe Loxosceles: A Case Healed Completely Without Any Necrotic Tissue by Emergency Department and Review of the Literature(Aves, 2013) Gülalp, Betül; Kayipmaz, Afsin Emre; Altinors, Mehmet Nur; Sancak, Zafer; Yiğit, NazifeThe most common finding of Loxosceles biting is a progresive ulcerous dermanecrosis. The responsible dermonecrotic factor found in the venom is Sphingomyelinase D. Poison effects are indicated by coagulation and occlusion which are the initial triggers of tissue necrosis in small capillaries. A 28 year old female patient was admitted after being bitten by a brown spider 3-4 hours earlier while putting on her shoes in the morning. There was a finding wit t a local inflammation on the medial proximal part of the right second toe. The following day, there was a medium grade edema reaching to the ankle, a large lesion colored in red-purple with undetermined borders and increased temperature on palpation. On the first day of hospitalization, RDW was 15.50, WBC was 11.20, neutrophil was 79.80%, lymphocyte was 11.30% on CBC, CRP was 16, CPK was 455, LDH was 78 whereas the parameters of sedimentation, PT, PTT, blood gas were in normal ranges. An x-ray of the foot was taken. Stabilization and elevation of the extremity were provided. She was hospitalized due to Loxosceles poisoning in the Emergency Department for 5 days. The conservative treatment with fluid, antibiotics, corticosteroid, antiinflamatory drugs were initiated. The foot healed with a minimal pigmented dermal finding without any complication of tissue necrosis on the fourth week. The patient without any significant initial complaints and findings in insect bites should not confuse the clinician. The importance of observation of these patients is clear for control of probable complications and misdiagnosis cases.Öğe Describing the Expression Profiles of Glutathione S-Transferase Mu and Tumor Protein 53 in Brain Tumor Tissue(Erciyes Univ Sch Medicine, 2024) Dirican, Onur; Kaygın, Pınar; Sarıaltın, Sezen Yılmaz ; Yılmaz, Can; Şimşek, Gülçin; Oğuztüzün, Serpil; Çoban, TülayObjective: This study aims to explore the expression profiles of the glutathione S-transferaseMu (GST-M) isozyme and tumor protein 53 (p53) in both healthy and tumorous brain tissues. The findings are compared with clinical features and lifestyle factors to identify potential associations or correlations. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of 149 patients diagnosed with primary or metastatic intracranial tumors. The expression levels of GST-M and p53 proteins were assessed in healthy and tumorous brain tissues using immunohistochemical staining. We also evaluated the associated clinical features and lifestyle factors. Results: There was a significant difference in the expression levels of GST-M between tumorous and healthy brain tissues, with tumor tissues showing higher expression (p<0.0001). Conversely, robust p53 expression was absent in both normal (97.3%) and tumor (78.5%) tissues. Nevertheless, a significantly higher prevalence of samples with p53 expression was found in the tumor group (p<0.0001). No associations were found between expression levels and clinical features or lifestyle risk factors. Furthermore, GST-M and p53 expression did not impact postoperative survival rates. Conclusion: The findings indicate an elevated expression of GST-M in brain tumor tissues, suggesting a potential role for GST-M in brain tumorigenesis.Öğe Investigation of the Genotoxic Effect of Fluoxetine Hydrochloride in Drosophila melanogaster(Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Univ Rektorlugu, 2024) Öz, Selda; Sarıkaya, Zeynep Nur; Larçin, Özüm; Sarıkaya, RabiaThis study aimed to determine the potential genotoxic effect of fluoxetine hydrochloride (FLX-HCl), an antidepressant commonly used for treating depression, using Somatic Mutation and Recombination Test (SMART). Third-instar Drosophila melanogaster larvae transheterozygous for the mutations multiple wing hair (mwh) and flare (flr3) were chronically fed in a medium containing different concentrations of FLX-HCl (0.1, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/mL) in the experimental group. Distilled water, 0.1 mM ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS), and 2% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were used in negative, positive, and solvent control groups, respectively. The survival percentages were calculated by determining the number of individuals surviving when the larvae completed their development in the experimental and control groups. In all application groups, the wings of 40 individuals with both normal and serrate wing phenotypes were examined under a microscope, and genetic changes were evaluated by counting the mutant clones in the wings. The data obtained show that 1 and 2 mg/mL concentrations of FLX-HCl caused toxic effects in D. melanogaster individuals. Additionally, FLX-HCl showed a negative genotoxic effect at 0.1 mg/mL concentration, insignificant at 0.5 mg/mL concentration, and positive at 1 and 2 mg/mL concentrations in terms of total mutation evaluation and clone induction frequency in D. melanogaster individuals.Öğe Investigation of the biocompatibility and in vivo wound healing effect of Cotinus coggygria extracts(Ankara Univ, 2024) Bozkaya, Esra; Türk, Mustafa; Ekici, Hüsamettin; Karahan, SiyamiCotinus coggygria is widely recognized its antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antihemorrhagic, and wound-healing properties. In this, aimed to evaluate the phenolic contents, cytotoxicity/proliferation, hemolytic, antimicrobial, genotoxic, apoptotic, necrotic activities, and in vivo wound healing effects of C. coggygria, , a plant species known to have beneficial effects on wound healing. TOF-LC/MS analyzes revealed that the methanol extract of C. coggygria leaves contained flavonoids and phenolic compounds such as gallic acid (18.5 mg/kg), catechin (4.6 mg/kg), protocatesic acid (0.6 mg/kg), vanillic acid (8.4 mg/kg), ellagic acid (0.1 mg/kg), rosmarinic acid (0.1 mg/kg), quercetin (15 ppb) and C. coggygria stems contained such as gallic acid (24.6 mg/kg), catechin (155.1 mg/kg), chlorogenic acid (1.9 mg/kg), 4hydroxybenzoic acid (383.3 mg/kg), rutin (2.5 mg/kg), ellagic acid (15.1 mg/kg), apigenin 7-glycoside (10.5 mg/kg), rosmarinic acid (0,4 mg/kg), quercetin (15.2 mg/kg), naringenin (279.1 mg/kg). Consequently, C. coggyria has a positive effect on wound healing with antibacterial properties, particularly against E. coli, and without cytotoxic, genotoxic, or hemolytic effects at test concentrations. In the in vivo burn model, wounds treated with leaf and stem extracts healed faster than the control group. Thus, C. coggygria is an effective plant for wound healing with antibacterial properties, particularly against E. coli, and without cytotoxic, genotoxic, and hemolytic effects.
