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Öğe Tissue expression of glutathione S transferase isoenzymes in vitiligo(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2022) Uzunçakmak, Tuğba Kevser; Özkanlı, Şeyma; Koçdoğan, Arzu Kaya; Oğuztüzün, Serpil; Karadağ, Ayşe Serap; Özlü, Emin; Akdeniz, NecmettinThe association of glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzymes with vitiligo is inconclusive. To evaluate tissue expressions of GST isoenzymes in vitiligo patients and to compare these expressions with healthy controls, we used 26 active depigmented patches on the trunk of vitiligo patients and 20 healthy sex and age matched controls. Punch biopsies were taken from the lesioned or normal skin. Tissue expression of GST isoenzymes were analyzed immunohistochemically. Tissue expression of GSTT1, GSTA1 and GSTP1 was significantly higher in the patient group than controls. Tissue expression of GSTM1 was not significantly different between the two groups. The increased tissue expression of GSTT1, GSTA1 and GSTP1 may represent a response to excess free radical formation in vitiligo and may support the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.Öğe Three new Zodarion species (Araneae: Zodariidae) from Southeastern Turkey(Magnolia Press, 2021) Coşar, İlhan; Danışman, TarıkThree new species of zodariid spiders are described from Turkey: Zodarion ozkutuki spec. nov., Zodarion turkesi spec. nov. and Zodarion yagmuri spec. nov. New photographs of genitalia are provided for Zodarion van Bosmans 2009.Öğe The Steppe Vegetation of Dinek Mountain (Kırıkkale)(Gazi Univ, 2005) Hamzaoğlu, ErginIn this study, the steppe vegetation of Dinek Mountain (Kirikkale) was analysed by Braun-Blanquet's method. All the associations described in the area, were included in the alliance of Arenario ledebouriana-Astragalion plumosi Akman 1990 regarding to their ecological and floristic peculiarities. This alliance includes the order of Onobrychido armenae-Thymetalia leucostomi Akman, Ketenoglu & Quezel 1985, and the class of Astragalo microcephali-Brometea tomentelli Quezel 1973.Öğe The taxonomic significance of leaf epidermal micromorphological characters of some Brassicaceae species in Turkey(Pakistan Botanical Soc, 2023) Erden, Ayşe; Menemen, YusufLeaf epidermal micromorphological characters were examined using light and scanning electron microscopes in 43 taxa belonging to 30 genera of Brassicaceae. The cell curvature of the periclinal wall has an important influence on the surface roughness and stands out as an important character in the separation of some closely related species. The course of the anticlinal cell wall can be straight or uneven. Uneven anticlines could be further divided into arched, straight to arched, repand, sinuous, and undulate. Undulations of anticlinal cell walls could increase the mechanical stability of the epidermis tissue. Epicuticular surface ornamentation comprised 4 types: smooth, striate, wrinkled, and ridged. In general, wrinkled and ridged were the most common types. Different types of wax layers were found in different taxa growing in the same climatic conditions. Therefore, wax diversification may be is an important feature at all taxonomic hierarchy from species to tribal level. The stomata were amphistomatic, and anisocytic in all the species, while anomocytic stomata were found in some species too. It was revealed that the low stomatal index values of some species growing on high, stony-rocky areas are directly related to the climatic conditions and habitat that the plant is exposed to. It was also observed that the stomatal index was higher in species growing in lower areas and prefer moist soil. As a result, this study showed that the shape, measurement, surface curvature, anticlinal cell wall, stomata type, stomatal index, epicuticular surface ornamentation and waxy cover of the leaf epidermis cells could be important characters for distinguishing the species, genera and tribes within the familly.Öğe The genomes of Darwin's primroses reveal chromosome-scale adaptive introgression and differential permeability of species boundaries(Wiley, 2024) Stubbs, Rebecca L.; Theodoridis, Spyros; Mora-Carrera, Emiliano; Keller, Barbara; Potente, Giacomo; Yousefi, Narjes; Jay, PaulIntrogression is an important source of genetic variation that can determine species adaptation to environmental conditions. Yet, definitive evidence of the genomic and adaptive implications of introgression in nature remains scarce. The widespread hybrid zones of Darwin's primroses (Primula elatior, Primula veris, and Primula vulgaris) provide a unique natural laboratory for studying introgression in flowering plants and the varying permeability of species boundaries. Through analysis of 650 genomes, we provide evidence of an introgressed genomic region likely to confer adaptive advantage in conditions of soil toxicity. We also document unequivocal evidence of chloroplast introgression, an important precursor to species-wide chloroplast capture. Finally, we provide the first evidence that the S-locus supergene, which controls heterostyly in primroses, does not introgress in this clade. Our results contribute novel insights into the adaptive role of introgression and demonstrate the importance of extensive genomic and geographical sampling for illuminating the complex nature of species boundaries.Öğe The comparative protein profiles of venom and venom gland extracts of Agelena labyrinthica (Araneae: Agelenidae)(Gazi Univ, 2005) Yiğit, NazifeSpider venoms are biologically active substances which affect a variety of vital physiological functions in both insects and mammals. The major constituents of spider venoms are protein, polypeptide and polyamine neurotoxins, enzymes, nucleic acids, free amino acids, monoamines and inorganic salts. The identification of the proteins in spider venoms is an essential step for identification of venom. In this study, we compared with protein profiles of Agelena labyrinthica venom obtained by electrostimulation of the prosoma and extracted directly from gland. There were seven components identified in whole venom, when whole venom and venom gland extracts composition of A. labyrinthica were compared by SDS-PAGE.Öğe The Administration of Steroids and its Impact on Caspase-3 Expression in Pediatric Adenoid Hypertrophy(Springer India, 2024) Apaydin, Emre; Yaşar, Buse; Şimşek, Gülçin; Kaygın, Pınar; Sarıaltın, Sezen Yılmaz; Dirican, Onur; Çetin, Hazal EylemObjectiveAdenoid hypertrophy is a prevalent pediatric condition, often necessitating surgical intervention. Intranasal steroid administration shows promise as a conservative treatment, particularly by inducing apoptosis in adenoidal cells, leading to a reduction in adenoid size and inflammation. This study aims to characterize the expression profile of caspase-3 as an apoptotic inducer protein in inflammatory and epithelial adenoid tissues and explore its association with steroid administration. MethodsWe performed immunohistochemical staining for caspase-3 proteins in adenoid tissues obtained from 51 pediatric patients aged between 2.5 and 12 years (mean age: 6.09 +/- 2.1 years) who underwent adenoid surgery. A retrospective analysis of clinical data was conducted, categorizing participants into steroid treatment receivers (n = 25) and non-receivers (n = 26). Subsequently, the lymphoid inflammatory tissue and epithelial tissue from the adenoid were compared in terms of caspase-3 protein expression, and associated clinical variables were assessed. ResultsImmunohistochemical analysis revealed significant caspase-3 expression in inflammatory tissues. The expression levels were scored, and no significant correlation was observed between inflammation and epithelium based on caspase-3 expression (correlation coefficient = 0.143; p > 0.05). Furthermore, demographic and clinical characteristics did not show a statistically significant difference in caspase-3 expression levels. ConclusionCaspase-3 expression was significant in inflammatory adenoid tissue, but it showed no association with nasal steroid administration.Öğe Synopsis of the Central Asian Salvia species with identification key(Magnolia Press, 2022) Turdiboev, Obidjon A.; Shormanova, Aijamal A.; Sheludyakova, Mariya B.; Akbarov, Feruz; Drew, Bryan T.; Celep, FerhatThe genus Salvia is comprised of about 1000 species and has diversity hotspots in the Americas, East Asia, southwest Asia and the Mediterranean region. Central Asia also possesses considerable Salvia species diversity but is understudied relative to the aforementioned diversity hotspots. To help remedy this deficiency, we present a synopsis of Central Asian Salvia species based on extensive fieldwork, herbarium consultation, and literature surveys focusing on Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and Turkmenistan (i.e., Central Asia). According to our final taxonomic revision, there are 41 species of native Salvia in the flora of Central Asia, 24 of which are endemic. Salvia ariana from Tajikistan and S. spinosa from Kazakhstan are documented from the respective countries for the first time, and the presence of S. tianschanica from Tajikistan and S. verticillata from Kazakhstan has been confirmed. In addition, the neotypification of S. deserta and three lectotypifications (Perovskia abrotanoides, S. bucharica and S. trautvetterii) are provided. Furthermore, we synonymized six species of Salvia that were previously reported from Central Asia, including S. intercedens, S. kopetdaghensis, S. linczevskii, S. lipskyi, S. semilanata and S. stepposa. Finally, a new species identification key for Central Asian Salvia is presented based on the new nomenclature changes and our taxonomic revision.Öğe Stigma shape shifting in sages (Salvia: Lamiaceae): hummingbirds guided the evolution of New World floral features(Oxford Univ Press, 2022) Kriebel, Ricardo; Drew, Bryan T.; Gonzalez-Gallegos, Jesus G.; Celep, Ferhat; Antar, Guilherme M.; Pastore, Jose Floriano Barea; Uria, RolandoA fundamental question in evolutionary biology is how clades of organisms exert influence on one another. The evolution of the flower and subsequent plant/pollinator coevolution are major innovations that have operated in flowering plants to promote species radiations at a variety of taxonomic levels in the Neotropics. Here we test the hypothesis that pollination by Neotropical endemic hummingbirds drove the evolution of two unique stigma traits in correlation with other floral traits in New World Salvia (Lamiaceae). We examined morphometric shapes of stigma lobing across 400 Salvia spp., scored presence and absence of a stigma brush across Salvia, and used a suite of phylogenetic comparative methods to detect shape regime shifts, correlation of trait shifts with BayesTraits and phylogenetic generalized least square regressions, and the influence of scored pollinators on trait evolution using OUwie. We found that a major Neotropical clade of Salvia evolved a correlated set of stigma features, with a longer upper stigma lobe and stigmatic brush, following an early shift to hummingbird pollination. Evolutionary constraint is evident as subsequent shifts to bee pollination largely retained these two features. Our results support the hypothesis that hummingbirds guided the correlative shifts in corolla, anther connective, style and stigma shape in Neotropical Salvia, despite repeated shifts back to bee pollination.Öğe Some new findings of the genus Zodarion (Aranei: Zodariidae) from Turkey(Kmk Scientific Press Ltd, Moscow State Univ, 2022) Coşar, İlha; Danışman, Tarık; Kunt, Kadir BogaçA new species of Zodarion similar to Z. van Bosmans, 2009, Z. cYrewsae sp.n. (male female), from Osmaniye, Turkey is described. Zodarion spinibarbe Wunderlich, 1973 (male) a species previously know from Cyprus found in Turkey for the first time. Three species arc arc illustrated and their distribution arc mapped, This study increases the number of Zodarion species in Turkey to 30.Öğe Size-selective microplastic uptake by freshwater organisms: Fish, mussel, and zooplankton(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2023) Kankılıç, Gökben Başaran; Koraltan, Idris; Erkmen, Belda; Çağan, Ali Serhan; Çırak, Tamer; Özen, Mihriban; Seyfe, MelikeMicroplastics, as an emergent pollutant, have garnered substantial attention within aquatic environments, yet a significant knowledge gap persists regarding the interplay of organism size and pollution impacts on microplastic uptake in freshwater ecosystems. The main aim of the current study is to assess the microplastic ingestion by aquatic organisms across diverse trophic levels. To achieve this objective, zooplankton, mussels (Anodonta anatina), and fish (Carassius gibelio) were collected from the highly polluted Susurluk River Basin in Turkiye. The size distribution encompassed 160.8 & PLUSMN; 56.9 & mu;m for the prevailing zooplankton, 6.9 & PLUSMN; 2.2 cm for mussel, and 20.4 & PLUSMN; 3.1 cm for fish, respectively. While no microplastic ingestion was observed among zooplankton, the finding highlights the influence of body-size and pollution on microplastic ingestion. In contrast, A. anatina and C. gibelio contained 617 and 792 microplastic particles, respectively. Predominantly, fibers emerged as the most prevalent microplastic type across trophic levels (except zooplankton) followed by films. Notably, only fish exhibited fragments within their gastrointestinal tract. A substantial correlation emerged between microplastic abundance and mussel size and weight, but no such correlation manifested for fish. The study also revealed a positive link between microplastic count and turbidity (phosphate and high Chl a level), impacting mussel ingestion capacity due to the variability in the food availability and potential shifts in feeding preferences. Conversely, no distinct pattern emerged for fish concerning water quality parameters and ingested microplastics. Consequently, our study underscores diverse microplastic uptake patterns in freshwater ecosystems, with a predominant frequency of microplastics falling with the 0.3 mm-3.0 mm range, emphasizing the significance of size-selective uptake by organisms.Öğe Scenedesmus regularis: An alternative biosorbent for the efficient and fast removal of methylene blue(Global Network Environmental Science & Technology, 2022) Kankılıç, Gökben BaşaranThis study focused on removing methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions using microalga Scenedesmus regularis as a biosorbent. The biomass was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The difference in thermal properties of the biomass was investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The adsorption capacity of S. regularis was tested with different environmental key parameters (pH, temperature, biosorbent dosage, dye concentration, and contact time) in batch system experiments. The maximum adsorption capacity was 341.34 mg/g at a pH of 6.8, a temperature of 25 degrees C, a dye concentration of 250 mg/L, and a biosorbent concentration of 5 mg. Approximately 92% of the dye was removed within two minutes, and the removal efficiency reached 99% within 15 minutes. MB adsorption equilibrium data fit well with the Langmuir (R2=0.994) and Dubinin-Radushkevich (R2=0.993) isotherm models. The kinetic model of adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption process was endothermic and physical, favorable, and spontaneous. The results showed that S. regularis is an eco-friendly biosorbent with efficient performance that may be used for MB removal without any modification.Öğe Sage Insights Into the Phylogeny of Salvia: Dealing With Sources of Discordance Within and Across Genomes(Frontiers Media Sa, 2021) Rose, Jeffrey P.; Kriebel, Ricardo; Kahan, Larissa; DiNicola, Alexa; Gonzalez-Gallegos, Jesus G.; Celep, Ferhat; Lemmon, Emily M.Next-generation sequencing technologies have facilitated new phylogenomic approaches to help clarify previously intractable relationships while simultaneously highlighting the pervasive nature of incongruence within and among genomes that can complicate definitive taxonomic conclusions. Salvia L., with similar to 1,000 species, makes up nearly 15% of the species diversity in the mint family and has attracted great interest from biologists across subdisciplines. Despite the great progress that has been achieved in discerning the placement of Salvia within Lamiaceae and in clarifying its infrageneric relationships through plastid, nuclear ribosomal, and nuclear single-copy genes, the incomplete resolution has left open major questions regarding the phylogenetic relationships among and within the subgenera, as well as to what extent the infrageneric relationships differ across genomes. We expanded a previously published anchored hybrid enrichment dataset of 35 exemplars of Salvia to 179 terminals. We also reconstructed nearly complete plastomes for these samples from off-target reads. We used these data to examine the concordance and discordance among the nuclear loci and between the nuclear and plastid genomes in detail, elucidating both broad-scale and species-level relationships within Salvia. We found that despite the widespread gene tree discordance, nuclear phylogenies reconstructed using concatenated, coalescent, and network-based approaches recover a common backbone topology. Moreover, all subgenera, except for Audibertia, are strongly supported as monophyletic in all analyses. The plastome genealogy is largely resolved and is congruent with the nuclear backbone. However, multiple analyses suggest that incomplete lineage sorting does not fully explain the gene tree discordance. Instead, horizontal gene flow has been important in both the deep and more recent history of Salvia. Our results provide a robust species tree of Salvia across phylogenetic scales and genomes. Future comparative analyses in the genus will need to account for the impacts of hybridization/introgression and incomplete lineage sorting in topology and divergence time estimation.Öğe Role of Microplastics in Chronic Rhinosinusitis Without Nasal Polyps(Wiley, 2024) Taş, Burak Mustafa; Tuna, Ayşegül; Kankılıç, Gökben Başaran; Koçak, Furkan Melih; Sencan, Ziya; Cömert, Ela; Bayar Muluk, NurayObjective: We aimed to examine the relationship between chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps and microplastics. Methods: A total of 80 patients participated in this prospectively planned study. The patients were divided into two groups. Group 1 had 50 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps, whereas Group 2 had 30 healthy volunteers. The age and gender of the participants were noted. Nose Obstruction Symptom Evaluation questionnaire was applied to the patients. The patients performed nasal lavage with saline. Microplastics were examined in the collected nasal lavage fluids, and their numbers were noted. The groups were compared on these values. Results: The mean age was 38.06 +/- 14.15 years in the chronic rhinosinusitis group without nasal polyps and 33.60 +/- 11.68 years in the control group. There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age and gender. There was a significant difference in the number of microplastics between the chronic rhinosinusitis group without nasal polyps and the control group (p < 0.001). Microplastics were detected in all participants. Conclusions: We found more microplastics in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps. According to this result, we can say that there may be a relationship between chronic rhinosinusitis and microplastics.Öğe Revision of Clinopodium (Lamiaceae) in Iraq with a new species, Clinopodium dokanicum, and an identification key(Springer London Ltd, 2024) Dirmenci, Tuncay; Haloob, Ali; Celep, Ferhat; Ghazanfar, Shahina A.A revision of Clinopodium L. s.l., including species of Acinos Mill., Calamintha Mill. and Micromeria Benth. sect. Pseudomelissa Benth. which occur Iraq, recognises five species, one of which, C. dokanicum Dirmenci, is newly described and endemic to northern Iraq. An identification key and distribution map are provided, as well as updated nomenclature, descriptions, conservation assessments and taxonomic notes for each species; taking into account recent changes to the circumscription of Clinopodium.Öğe Resurrection of Lamium ponticum (Lamiaceae) with a new subspecies, Lamium ponticum subsp. an atolicum, from Turkey(Magnolia Press, 2021) Celep, Ferhat; Karaer, Fergan; Duman, HayriLamium ponticum, known from central and eastern Black Sea region of Turkey, is an endemic species with white flowers. However, it was evaluated as a synonym of L. moschatum subsp. micranthum in the last taxonomic revision the genus. During our revisional studies on the genus, we concluded that L. ponticum is completely different from L. moschatum subsp. micranthum. In addition, we collected some specimens from western Black Sea region of Turkey with pink-rose colored flowers, pinkish-purplish inflorescence and calyx, and greenish-pinkish bracts with pinkish-white spots at base, that looks quite different from the typical L. ponticum. Therefore, in this paper, we resurrected L. ponticum and described a new subspecies from western Black Sea region of Turkey. IUCN red list category, notes on biogeography and ecology of the new subspecies are also given.Öğe Redescription of Ozyptila aculipalpa Wunderlich, 1995 (Araneae: Thomisidae), with a Description of Unknown Female(Amer Entomol Soc, 2020) Danışman, Tarik; Coşar, İlhanThe poorly known crab spider Ozyptila aculipalpa Wunderlich, 1995 (Araneae, Thomisidae) was originally described on the basis of a male specimen from Iran. The species is redescribed here using new specimens collected from Turkey. The previously unknown female of this species is described for the first time.Öğe Promoted Regeneration of Transected Facial Nerve Branches Using Mesenchymal Stromal Cells In Relationship with Apoptosis: 9-Month Results(Mediterranean Soc Otology & Audiology, 2010) Satar, Bülent; Öztaş, Emin; Hıdır, Yusuf; Erdoğan, Esra; Küçüktağ, Zülküf; Oğuztüzün, Serpil; Karahatay, SerdarObjective: Our purpose is to investigate 9-month results of allogeneic mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) application on the anastomosed nerve and to make a comparison of nerve regeneration between anastomosis+MSCs application and anastomosis only. Additionally, an association was sought between histologic outcome and level of apoptotic activity at 9th month. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out in three rats. The right buccal branch was anastomosed with sutures following complete transection, and the anastomosis site was treated with homologous MSCs. The right marginal mandibular branch was left intact, but it was in contact with MSCs. The left buccal branch was transected and anastomosed in a similar manner except for MSCs application. The left side marginal mandibular branch was left intact. At month 9, the surgical field was re-explored. Two nerve samples from four facial nerve branches, each 0.5 mm in length, were taken from distal to the anastomosis site, one for apoptosis and the other for histologic examination. Apoptosis was investigated and scored in two rats using TUNEL assay. Results: The histologic examination displayed regularly spaced axons with myelin sheath of appropriate thickness in intact nerve segments and nerve segments in contact with MSCs. Samples from those nerves anastomosed only and those anastomosed+MSCs treatment consisted of grouping axons in different size. These axons were enveloped by myelin sheath of some thickness. Quantitative measurements of axon diameter and myelin thickness compared favorably with those nerves anastomosed+ MSCs treatment versus anastomosed only. However, the difference between the two was not apparent as previous months. Intensity of apoptosis at month 9 was not found to correlate with histologic outcome, injury and use of MSCs. Conclusion: This 9-month study confirmed that use of MSCs in an anastomosed nerve promoted axonal regeneration and myelination. Apoptosis at month 9 does neither relate to histologic outcome nor use of MSC and previous injury.Öğe Plastic debris in lakes and reservoirs(Nature Portfolio, 2023) Nava, Veronica; Chandra, Sudeep; Aherne, Julian; Alfonso, Maria B.; Antao-Geraldes, Ana M.; Attermeyer, Katrin; Bao, RobertoPlastic debris is thought to be widespread in freshwater ecosystems globally(1). However, a lack of comprehensive and comparable data makes rigorous assessment of its distribution challenging(2,3). Here we present a standardized cross-national survey that assesses the abundance and type of plastic debris (>250 mu m) in freshwater ecosystems. We sample surface waters of 38 lakes and reservoirs, distributed across gradients of geographical position and limnological attributes, with the aim to identify factors associated with an increased observation of plastics. We find plastic debris in all studied lakes and reservoirs, suggesting that these ecosystems play a key role in the plastic-pollution cycle. Our results indicate that two types of lakes are particularly vulnerable to plastic contamination: lakes and reservoirs in densely populated and urbanized areas and large lakes and reservoirs with elevated deposition areas, long water-retention times and high levels of anthropogenic influence. Plastic concentrations vary widely among lakes; in the most polluted, concentrations reach or even exceed those reported in the subtropical oceanic gyres, marine areas collecting large amounts of debris(4). Our findings highlight the importance of including lakes and reservoirs when addressing plastic pollution, in the context of pollution management and for the continued provision of lake ecosystem services.Öğe Phytochemical composition, antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, antimicrobial effects, and molecular docking studies of Centaurea sivasica(Elsevier, 2022) Yırtıcı, Ümit; Ergene, Aysun; Atalar, Mehmet Nuri; Adem, ŞevkiIn this study, Centaurea sivasica Wageitz (Asteraceae) methanol extract was examined regarding phytochemical composition, in vitro antioxidant properties, ability to inhibit tyrosinase, alpha-amylase, alpha-glucosidase enzymes, and antimicrobial effects. Also, possible binding and interactions of phytochemicals with enzymes by molecular docking were determined. The extract's phenolic amount was 21.42 mg GAE/g extract, and the extract was determined to be rich in flavonoids (19.73 mg RE/g extract). Due to the results of liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis, the main components of the methanol extract was scutellarin (27843.91 mu g/g), quercimeritrin (3629.85 mu g/g), chlorogenic acid (2519.68 mu g/g) and baicalin (920.49 mu g/g). The methanol extract was found to show remarkable activity in all antioxidant activity tests and had a high potential to inhibit the enzymes examined. The extract was radical scavenging on (DPPH and ABTS), reducing power (FRAP and CUPRAC), phosphomolybdenum assays were measured as 2.72, 69.58, 44.78, 141.18, 109.25 mg TE/g extract, respectively. Tyrosinase, alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activities were 36.81 mg KE/g extract, 252.60 and 279.40 mg AKE/g extract, respectively. Scutellarin inhibited the tyrosinase enzyme very effectively, and its effect was found as 43.32 mu M or 20.38 mu g/mL. The extract showed different inhibition zones (16.3, 16.0, 15.0, 15.6 mm) and MIC values (500-1000 mu g/mL) on the microorganisms examined (B. cereus, S. aureus, E. coli, C. albicans). In molecular docking studies, the most abundant scutellarin in the extract was shown to affect both tyrosinase and alpha-glucosidase inhibition significantly. (C) 2021 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
