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Öğe Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Among Adult Exercisers(Pamukkale University, 2023) Uygurtaş, Murat; Çağlar, EmineThis study aimed to examine the basic psychological needs in exercise among adult exercisers regarding gender, type of exercise, age groups, and years of exercise. The Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale was administered to 234 adult exercisers (Mage=25.11, SD = 8.89 years). The participants were classified into two age groups (18-29 and 30-45 years) and three groups based on years participating in exercise programs (6 months to less than one year, 1-3 years, and more than three years) and three types of exercise groups (individual, group, and both). We found statistically significant gender and age group differences on the relatedness subscale (p<0.01). Female and in 30-45 age group exercisers had higher relatedness scores than those in the 18-29 age group and male exercisers. We also found statistically significant differences between groups of exercise types in all subscales (p<0.01). PostHoc comparisons revealed that exercisers participating in individual plus group exercises had significantly higher scores in all subscales than those participating only in individual or group exercises. Furthermore, significant differences regarding the years of participating were found in all subscales (p<0.01). Post hoc group (6 months to less than one year, 1-3 years, and more than three years) comparisons showed that participants exercising for six months to less than one year had lower scores. It was concluded that female and younger exercisers satisfied more relatedness needs in exercise. In addition, it has been noted that the type of exercise and longer-term participation are significant factors in meeting psychological needs during exercise. © Copyright by International Academic Publishing House (IAPH)Öğe A differential item functioning analysis of the PSDQ with Turkish and New Zealand/Australian adolescents(Elsevier Science Bv, 2009) Aşçı, F. Hülya; Fletcher, Richard B.; Çağlar, EmineObjective: The use of item response theory models (IRT) in sport and exercise psychology has provided some unique insights into the quality of measure especially at the item level Fletcher. R. B. (August 2005). Detecting item bias in physical self-concept: an application of differential bundle functioning. In I Morris, R Terry, S. Gordon, S. Hanrahan, L. Ievleva. G. Kolt, & P. Tremayne (Eds.), Promoting health and performance for life: Proceedings of the ISSP 11(th) world congress of sport psychology [CD-ROM]. Sydney: International Society of Sport Psychology; Fletcher, R. B., & Hattie, J. A. (2004). An examination of the psychometric properties of the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire using a polytomous item response model. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 5, 423-446; Fletcher, R. B., & Hattie. J. A. (2005). Understanding gender differences in physical self-concept: an example using multidimensional differential item functioning. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 65, 657-667.]. IRT approaches using differential item functioning (DIF) provide a powerful method to examine the equivalence of item responses across different cultures. Recent advances in DIF methodology. polytomous DIF (PDIF), allow for a more in depth analysis of how items differ between groups at the response option and item level. Method: From a cross-cultural perspective this paper demonstrates the advantages of applying Shealy and Stout's [(1993). A model-based standardization approach that separates true bias/DIF from group ability differences and detects test bias/DTF as well as item bias/DIF. Psychometrika, 85, 159-194.] polytomous simultaneous item bias test (Poly SIBTEST) to the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire (PSDQ) [Marsh, H. W., Richards, G. E., Johnson, S., Roche, L., & Tremayne, R (1994). Physical Self-Description Questionnaire: psychometric properties and a multitrait-multimethod analysis of relations with existing instruments. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 15, 270-305.], using item responses from Turkish and New Zealand/Australian (NZ/A) adolescents. Results: The main findings of this research showed that items biased in favor of New Zealand males and females were more self-referenced, whereas items that showed DIF in favor Turkish males and females were from an external frame of reference. (C) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Gender and physical activity level differences in physical self-perception of university students: A case of Turkey(Edizioni Luigi Pozzi, 2006) Çağlar, Emine; Aşçı, Fevziye HülyaThe primary purpose of the present study was to examine the physical self-perceptions of Turkish university students with regard to gender and physical activity levels. Secondly, the study aimed to examine the most important physical self-perception variables in the prediction of physical activity participation. 466 male (M-age=21.13, SD=2.08 years) and 419 female (M-age=20.75, SD=1.60 years) university students volunteered to participate in this study. The Physical Self-Perception Profile and Physical Activity Assessment Questionnaire were administered to participants. 2 x 2 (Female/Male x High/Low Physical Activity Group) MANOVA revealed significant gender and physical activity group differences in physical self-perceptions in favour of mates and high physical activity groups, respectively (P <.01). Univariate analysis of variance revealed that physical activity scores were significantly higher in males. Perceived physical condition and the perceived sport competence were the most important discriminators of physical activity levels for males and females respectively.Öğe Motivational cluster profiles of adolescent athletes: an examination of differences in physical-self perception(Journal Sports Science & Medicine, 2010) Çağlar, Emine; Aşçı, F. HülyaThe primary purpose of the present study was to identify motivational profiles of adolescent athletes using cluster analysis in non-Western culture. A second purpose was to examine relationships between physical self-perception differences of adolescent athletes and motivational profiles. One hundred and thirty six male (M-age = 17.46, SD = 1.25 years) and 80 female adolescent athletes (M-age = 17.61, SD = 1.19 years) from a variety of team sports including basketball, soccer, volleyball, and handball volunteered to participate in this study. The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS) and Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSPP) were administered to all participants. Hierarchical cluster analysis revealed a four-cluster solution for this sample: amotivated, low motivated, moderate motivated, and highly motivated. A 4 x 5 (Cluster x PSPP Subscales) MANOVA revealed no significant main effect of motivational clusters on physical self-perception levels (p > 0.05). As a result, findings of the present study showed that motivational types of the adolescent athletes constituted four different motivational clusters. Highly and moderate motivated athletes consistently scored higher than amotivated athletes on the perceived sport competence, physical condition, and physical self-worth subscales of PSPP. This study identified motivational profiles of competitive youth-sport participants.Öğe The Psychological Characteristics and Health Related Behavior of Adolescents: The Possible Roles of Social Physique Anxiety and Gender(Cambridge Univ Press, 2010) Çağlar, Emine; Bilgili, Naile; Karaca, Ayda; Ayaz, Sultan; Aşçı, F. HülyaThe purpose of this study was to examine whether or not the social physique anxiety level and gender have an influence on psychological characteristics and health related behavior of adolescents. Five hundred and ninety eight female (M-age = 14.95, SD = .70 years) and three hundred and eighty four male (M-age = 15.08, SD = .76 years) adolescents voluntarily participated in this study. The Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS), three subscales of the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire, and the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale as indicators of psychological characteristics were administered to all participants. The Eating Attitude Test and Physical Activity Assessment Questionnaire were used to determine health related behavior. It was found that adolescents with high levels of SPA (HSPA) had more unfavourable eating attitudes, higher scores in socially-prescribed perfectionism, negative global physical self-worth and negative body related perceptions than those with low levels of SPA (LSPA). Physical activity levels of adolescents did not differ in the two SPA groups (high/low level). In addition, male adolescents in the present study were more physically active and had favorable eating attitudes and more positive self-perceptions of body fat and general physical self-worth than their female counterparts.Öğe The roles of some agility performance parameters on the linear, single sprint skills of young male basketball and handball players(MATTIOLI 1885, 2020) Bilge, Murat; Çağlar, Emine; Saavedra, Jose M.Study Objectives: This study aimed to examine the roles of some agility parameters on the linear, single sprint skills among young male basketball and handball players. Methods: The participants in this study were male basketball players (BP) (n = 15, +/- SD= 15.30 +/- 0.48) and handball players (HP) (n = 32, +/- SD = 16.81 +/- 1.63) who trained regularly, and a control group (CG) (n = 31, +/- SD = 15.87 +/- 0.80). They participated in 0 to 30 m linear speed tests, a T test, a 505 agility test, and an Illinois agility test. Changes in direction, side stepping, reversing direction, and running backward were the main sub-parameters of agility performance that constituted the independent variables. A multiple regression analysis was conducted if these independent variables predicted the 0 to10 m, 10 to 30 m, and 0 to 30 m sprint performances separately. One way ANOVA was performed to determine group differences in all the independent variables. Results: The ANOVA revealed statistically significant differences between groups for the independent variables (p < 0.001). The Tukey HSD test indicated that all three groups significantly differed from each other. Conclusion: As a result, it can be concluded that agility parameters contributed to speed skills. It is recommended that the exercises that include agility parameters should be used when designing training, especially in team sports.Öğe Similarities and differences in physical self-concept of males and females during late adolescence and early adulthood(Libra Publishers Inc, 2009) Çağlar, EmineThe purpose of this study was to examine age and sex differences in physical self-concept of Turkish late adolescents and early adults. A total of 715 high school and 1,125 university students voluntarily participated and were administered the Physical Self-Description Questionnaire. The findings indicate significant sex and age differences on multiple dimensions of physical self, and that males and high school students scored higher on almost an subscales of physical self. However, analysis did not reveal any significant age and sex interactions on physical self. In conclusion, males and females differ from each other on how they perceived themselves on the multiple dimensions of physical self, and developmental age changes were evident in physical self.Öğe Sürekli optimal performans duygu durumu ve egzersiz davranışı(2010) Altıntaş, Atahan; Aşçı, F. Hülya; Çağlar, EmineBu çalışmanın amacı, sürekli optimal performans duygu durumunun cinsiyete ve egzersiz davranışı parametrelerine (sıklık, tür, süre) göre incelenmesidir. Çalışmaya, farklı egzersiz programlarına katılan 74 kadın (X yaş23.56; Ss4.06) ve 160 erkek (X yaş24.15; Ss6.18) gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Katılımcıların sürekli optimal performans duygu durumları “Sürekli Optimal Performans Duygu Durum Ölçeği- 2 (SOPDDÖ-2)” ile belirlenirken, yaş, cinsiyet, egzersiz sıklığı, egzersiz yapma süresi ve egzersiz türü bilgileri için “Kişisel Bilgi Formu” kullanılmıştır. Katılımcıların sürekli optimal performans duygu durumlarındaki cinsiyet ve egzersiz davranış değişkenlerine göre farkı belirlemek için Çok Yönlü Varyans Analizi (MANOVA) kullanılmıştır. MANOVA analizi sonuçları, erkek ve kadın egzersiz katılımcılarının sürekli optimal performans duygu durumu puanları arasında fark olmadığını ortaya koyarken (p0.01); egzersiz sıklığı (Hotelling’s T2 0.14; F (9,186) 2.94; p0.01), egzersiz süresi (Hotelling’s T2 0.15; F (9,181) 2.95; p0.01) ve egzersiz türüne (Hotelling’s T2 0.12; F (9,178) 2.44; p0.01) göre puanların arklılaştığını göstermektedir. Bu çalışmanın bulguları, egzersiz süresi, sıklığı ve türünün bireylerin yapmış olduğu aktivitede yüksek konsantrasyona sahip olmasında, aktivite üzerinde bilişsel yeterliği ve kontrolü olduğunu hissetmesinde ve yaptığı aktiviteden almış olduğu içsel hazın artmasında etkili olduğunu ortaya koymuştur.
