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    Effect of paracetamol pretreatment on rocuronium-induced injection pain: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison with lidocaine
    (Journal of Clinical and Analytical Medicine, 2014) Ateş G.; Köse E.A.; Öz G.; Apan A.
    Aim: To compare the effect of intravenous paracetamol on rocuronium-induced injection pain with that of lidocaine. Material and Method: One hundred and eighty patients scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia were recruited to this prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study. A 20-gauge cannula was inserted into a vein on the dorsum of the patient's left hand and lactated Ringer's solution was infused at 100 ml/h. After 5 minutes, infusion was stopped and the left arm of the patient's was elevated for 15 seconds for gravity of venous blood. While venous occlusion was applied to the left upper arm using a pneumatic tourniquet, one of the pretreatment solutions (normal saline 5 mL, lidocaine 40 mg, paracetamol 50 mg) was injected over a period of 10 seconds. The intensity of the pain patients experienced was assessed using a 4-point verbal rating scale in Group C (normal saline 5 mL, n=60), Group L (lidocaine 40 mg, n=60) and Group P (paracetamol 50 mg, n=60). After 2 minutes, the venous occlusion was released and the patients received 0.06 mg/kg rocuronim bromide over 10 seconds and the rocuronim-induced pain was assessed. Results: The overall incidence of rocuronium-induced injection pain was significantly more in Group C than the other groups (p<0.001). The overall incidence of the rocuronium-induced injection pain was significantly less in Group L than in Group P and in Group C (p=0.009 and p<0.001, respectively). Additionally, the overall incidence of the rocuronium-induced injection was less in Group P than the Group C (p=0.002). Discussion: Intravenous pretreatment with paracetamol was effective in reducing the incidence and intensity of rocuronium-induced injection pain, but not as effective as intravenous lidocaine pretreatment.
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    The effects of lactated ringer and hes solutions in differing combinations to prevent hypotension due to spinal anesthesia
    (2006) Şahin Ş.; Sari F.; Apan A.; Başar H.
    Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of preloading with crystalloid and colloid fluids on hypotension following spinal anaesthesia. Method: One hundred ASA Class I-II patients were randomly assigned to the study and divided into five groups. Group I: Lactated Ringer (LR) 1000 mL 30 minutes before spinal anaesthesia, Group II: HES %6 500 mL solution before the procedure, Group III: 500 mL RL before and HES %6 250 mL within 15 minutes after the procedure. Group IV and Group V received RL 500 mL + 500 RL mL, and HES %6 250 mL + HES %6 250 mL respectively, using the same timing protocol. Systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures and heart rates were measured at 1 minute intervals in the first 20 minutes and then every 5 minutes. Results: With the exception of the differences in diastolic blood pressures at the 2nd, 3rd, and 5th minutes, there was no difference in arterial blood pressures and heart rates between Group III and IV or Group IV and V. Conclusion: While significant correlation was found between spinal block level and the incidence of spinal hypotension, no difference was observed regarding the type, dosage, and timing of loading solutions before spinal anaesthesia.