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Öğe Age-related changes in tooth enamel as measured by electron microscopy: Implications for porcelain laminate veneers(Mosby-Elsevier, 2005) Atsu, Saadet Sağlam; Aka, P. Sema; Küçükesmen, H. Cenker; Kilicarslan, Mehmet A.; Atakan, CemalStatement of problem. Available information on the dimensions of the enamel and pulp tissues of tooth structure, as well as their correlation with chronologic age, is limited. However, this information is a significant determinate in planning the tooth reduction for a porcelain laminate veneer (PLV) restoration. Purpose. This study examined variations in tooth enamel thickness and its correlation with chronologic age as it relates to available tooth substrate for PLV restorations. Material and methods. Forty human maxillary central incisors extracted from patients within the age range of 30 to 69 years were used to evaluate the thickness of tooth layers. Measurements were made for the following tooth areas using scanning electron microscopy (SEM): facial enamel thickness at 1, 3, and 5 mm above the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ), palatal enamel thickness at 5 mm above the CEJ, facial and palatal enamel thickness at the incisal edge, maximum facial-palatal (MFP) width at incisal edge, physiologic secondary dentin (PSD) height, facial-cervical enamel-pulp (FCEP) distance, and the incisal edge enamel-pulp (IEP) distance. The relationship between thickness and age was evaluated with a regression analysis (alpha = .05). Results. Significant differences (P < .001) were observed in all of the relationships between tooth thicknesses and chronological age. Outcome variables of enamel thickness related to age showed a steady decrease, beginning at approximately age 50. Mean values of facial enamel thickness at 1, 3, and 5 mm above the CEJ were 0.31 +/- 0.01, 0.54 +/- 0.01, and 0.75 +/- 0.02 mm, respectively, for the age range of 30 to 69 years. The thickness of maximum incisal width (R-2 = 0.95), PSD height (R-2 = 0.76), and IEP distance (R-2 = 0.99) indicated that all are subject to an increase in relation to age. Conclusion. Facial enamel thickness above the CEJ decreases, while MFP increases in relation to age. The PSD height and IEP distance also increased with age.Öğe The coexistence of temporomandibular disorders and styloid process fracture: A clinical report(Mosby-Elsevier, 2006) Atsu, Saadet Sağlam; Tekdemir, İbrahim; Elhan, AlaittinThis clinical report describes the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with both temporomandibular disorders (TMD) and styloid process fracture. The presence of tender muscles of mastication, facial pain, especially upon awakening, frequent grinding sounds, and tooth attrition indicated a diagnosis of TMD with bruxism as a possible etiological factor. However, the preliminary diagnosis of styloid process fracture based on the patient's sensation of a foreign body in the throat and some discomfort when turning the head was confirmed using radiography. The styloid process fracture was treated using conservative nonsurgical therapy, and an occlusal splint was used to treat the TMD. The patient's symptoms were significantly reduced at the 12-month follow-up visit.Öğe Effect of zirconium-oxide ceramic surface treatments on the bond strength to adhesive resin(Mosby-Elsevier, 2006) Atsu, Saadet Sağlam; Kılıçarslan, Mehmet A.; Küçükesmen, H. Cenker; Aka, P. SemaStatement of problem. Surface treatment methods used for resin bonding to conventional silica-based dental ceramics are not reliable for zirconium-oxide ceramics. Purpose. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of airborne-particle abrasion, silanization, tribochemical silica coating, and a combination of bonding/silane coupling agent surface treatment methods on the bond strength of zirconium-oxide ceramic to a resin luting agent. Material and methods. Sixty square-shaped (5 X 5 X 1.5 mm) zirconium-oxide ceramic (Cercon) specimens and composite resin (Z-250) cylinders (3 X 3 mm) were prepared. The ceramic surfaces were airborne-particle abraded with 125-mu m aluminum-oxide (Al2O3) particles and then divided into 6 groups (n=10) that were subsequently treated as follows: Group C, no treatment (control); Group SIL, silanized with a silane coupling agent (Clearfil Porcelain Bond Activator); Group BSIL, application of the adhesive 10-methacryloyloxydecyl dihydrogen phosphate monomer (MDP)-containing bonding/silane coupling agent mixture (Clearfil Liner Bond 2V/Porcelain Bond Activator); Group SC, silica coating using 30-mu m Al2O3 particles modified by silica (CoJet System); Group SCSIL, silica coating and silanization (CoJet System); and Group SCBSIL, silica coating and application of an MDP-containing bonding/silane coupling agent mixture (Clearfil Liner Bond 2V/Porcclain Bond Activator). The composite resin cylinders were bonded to the treated ceramic surfaces using an adhesive phosphate monomer-containing resin luting agent (Panavia F). After the specimens were stored in distilled water at 37 degrees C for 24 hours, their shear bonding strength was tested using a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Debonded specimen surfaces were examined with a stereomicroscope to assess the mode of failure, and the treated surfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy. Bond strength data were analyzed using 1-way analysis of variance and the Duncan test (alpha=.05). Results. The bond strengths (mean +/- SD; MPa) in the groups were as follows: Group C, 15.7 +/- 2.9; Group SIL, 16.5 +/- 3.4; Group BSIL, 18.8 +/- 2.8; Group SC, 21.6 +/- 3.6; Group SCSIL, 21.9 +/- 3.9; and Group SCBSIL, 22.9 +/- 3.1. The bond strength was significantly higher in Group SCBSIL than in Groups C, SIL, and BSIL (P<.001), but did not differ significantly from those in Groups SC and SCSIL. Failure modes were primarily adhesive at the interface between zirconium and the resin luting agent in Groups C and SIL, and primarily mixed and cohesive in Groups SC, SCSIL, and SCBSIL. Conclusion. Tribochemical silica coating (CoJet System) and the application of an MDP-containing bonding/silane coupling agent mixture increased the shear bond strength between zirconium-oxide ceramic and resin luting agent (Panavia F).Öğe Effects of silica coating and silane surface conditioning on the bond strength of metal and ceramic brackets to enamel(E H Angle Education Research Foundation, Inc, 2006) Atsu, Saadet Sağlam; Gelgör, İbrahim Erhan; Şahin, VolkanObjective: To evaluate the effect of tribochemical silica coating and silane surface conditioning on the bond strength of metal and ceramic brackets bonded to enamel surfaces with light-cured composite resin. Materials and Methods: Twenty metal and 20 ceramic brackets were divided into four groups (n = 10 for each group). The specimens were randomly assigned to one of the following treatment conditions of the metal and ceramic brackets' surface: (1) tribochemical silica coating combined with silane and (2) no treatment. Brackets were bonded to the enamel surface on the labial and lingual sides of human maxillary premolars (20 total) with a light-polymerized resin composite. All specimens were stored in water for 1 week at 37 degrees C and then thermocycled (5000 cycles, 5 degrees C to 55 degrees C, 30 seconds). The shear bond strength values were measured on a universal testing machine. Student's t-test was used to compare the data (alpha = 0.05). The types of failures were observed using a stereomicroscope. Results: Metal and ceramic brackets treated with silica coating with silanization had significantly greater bond strength values (metal brackets: 14.2 +/- 1.7 MPa, P < .01; ceramic brackets: 25.9 +/- 4.4 MPa, P < .0001) than the control groups (metal brackets: 11.9 +/- 1.3 MPa; ceramic brackets: 15.6 +/- 4.2 MPa). Treated specimens of metal and ceramic exhibited cohesive failures in resin and adhesive failures at the enamel-adhesive interface, whereas control specimens showed mixed types of failures. Conclusions: Silica coating with aluminum trioxide particles coated with silica followed by silanization gave higher bond strengths in both metal and ceramic brackets than in the control group.Öğe Evaluation of the Effect of Different Abutment Materials on the Final Color of the Restoration After Aging: An In Vitro Study(Quintessence Publishing Co Inc, 2022) Türksayar, Almira Ada Diken; Bulut, Ali Can; Atsu, Saadet SağlamTo compare the effect of thermomechanical aging on implant abutment color change when using different abutment backgrounds. Materials and Methods: In this study, three separate experimental groups (n = 10) with different implant abutment materials were used: zirconia, modified polyether ether ketone (MPEEK), and polyether ketone ketone (PEKK). Equal-sized glass-ceramic incisor crowns were cemented to the abutments using transparent dual-curing resin cement. The specimens were then subjected to the thermomechanical aging process for the clinical equivalent of 5 years of use. The color values of each specimen in the middle third and the incisal third were recorded by a digital spectrophotometer in the CIE L*a*b* color coordinates both before and after the aging process. Color differences between groups were compared using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), while Tukey test was used to compare differences within the groups (P = .05). Results: In terms of color change (Delta E00) values, the zirconia group was found to show statistically more color changes only in the middle third (P < .000), but there was no significant difference between the the MPEEK and PEKK groups. In all groups, the Delta E00 value was clinically acceptable (Delta E00 < 1.8). Conclusion: After the aging process, high-performance polymer abutments caused less color change than zirconia. Therefore, esthetically satisfying results can be obtained in the anterior region, especially when highly translucent crown materials are used.Öğe A surgical guide for dental implant placement in edentulous posterior regions(Mosby-Elsevier, 2006) Atsu, Saadet SağlamProper implant placement is crucial for successful implant-supported restorations. This article describes a simple technique for fabricating a vacuum-formed surgical guide to assist in dental implant placement in edentulous posterior regions.Öğe Temporomandibular disorders seen in rheumatology practices: a review(Springer Heidelberg, 2006) Atsu, Saadet Sağlam; Ayhan-Ardic, FigenTemporomandibular disorders are recognized as the most common nontooth-related chronic orofacial pain conditions. This article reviews the recent temporomandibular disorders literature and summarizes the temporomandibular disorders seen in rheumatology practices. Arthritis is a common condition affecting the temporomandibular joint. Although degenerative and rheumatoid arthritis are the most frequently encountered infectious arthritis, metabolic arthritis, spondyloarthropathies and the traumatic arthritis have also been reported. Distinguishing between different temporomandibular disorders is as important as the clinical course, long-term prognosis, and therapy. Diagnostic criteria are generally based on signs and symptoms of the patient. The American Academy of Orofacial Pain established the first well-defined diagnostic classification. In addition, Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders have been developed using similar classification. In the treatment of temporomandibular disorders, conservative and noninvasive treatments are endorsed for the initial care of nearly all TMD patients because the majority of patients with TMD achieve good relief of symptoms with conservative treatment.Öğe The effect of nanocoatings of SiO2, TiO2, and ZrO2 on titanium- porcelain bonding(Mosby-Elsevier, 2021) Atsu, Saadet Sağlam; Aksan, Muhammed Emin; Bulut, Ali Can; Tamimi, FalehStatement of problem. Durable titanium-porcelain bonding is challenging because of the formation of a thick oxide layer on the surface during porcelain firing. Purpose. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate how atomic layer deposition (ALD) of different oxide coatings affected titanium-porcelain bonding and failure types. Materials and methods. Forty-four airborne-particle abraded Type-2 titanium specimens were coated by ALD with either SiO2, TiO2, or ZrO2 (n=11) at a thickness of 30 nm, whereas control specimens were left uncoated (n=11) (airborne-particle abraded only). The surface roughness of the specimens was analyzed with a profilometer before applying porcelain (Vita Titankeramic). Titanium-porcelain bonding was analyzed by using a 3-point bend test. Surface properties and titanium-porcelain interfaces were examined under scanning electron microscopy combined with energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and failure types were evaluated by using a stereomicroscope. Surface roughness and bond strength data were analyzed by 1-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. Failure type data were analyzed by the Fisher-Freeman-Halton exact test (alpha=.05). Results. All nanocoatings increased surface roughness values, but only TiO2 and ZrO2 coatings showed statistically significant higher roughness than the control surfaces (P<.001). Specimens coated with SiO2 (28.59 +/- 4.37 MPa) and TiO2 (26.86 +/- 3.66 MPa) presented significantly higher bonding strength than control (22.04 +/- 4.59 MPa) specimens (P<.01). Fracture types of different groups were not statistically different (P>.05). Conclusions. Nanocoating titanium surfaces with SiO2 and TiO2 by using the ALD technique significantly improved titanium-porcelain bonding.
