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Öğe Comparison of nutrients and in vitro degradability of ryegrass (Lolium Multiforum L.) and alfalfa (Medicago Sativa L.) in central region of Turkey(Oxford Univ Press Inc, 2019) Basalan, Mehmet; Cetinkaya, A. VolkanStudy was conducted to determine the adaptability of ryegrass to the ration of ruminants in central region of Turkey. Both ryegrass and alfalfa were planted in Cankiri and Corum cities which are located in similar geographic and climatic conditions. Forage samples were obtained during second, third and fourth harvesting times. in each sample, dry matter (DM), crude fat (EE), crude protein (CP), crude ash (CA), crude cellulose (CS), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) levels were determined based on AOAC methods. Metabolizable Energy levels of both ryegrass and alfalfa were calculated. In vitro disappearance of dry matter was measured by incubation of dacron bags in rumen fluid for 72 hours in Ankom® daisy incubator and extent of disappearance were determined. Generalized linear model was applied to analyze data and means were separated by using LSD. Although dry matter levels were similar (P > 0,05), ash and fat levels were significantly higher in ryegrass than those in alfalfa (P < 0,05). Additionally, as it was expected, crude protein content of ryegrass was significantly lower than that of alfalfa (P < 0,05). NDF contents of both feeds were similar and ADF levels of alfalfa were slightly higher in only second harvest date. Metabolizable energy levels of ryegrass in all harvested times were statistically higher than those in all harvested dates in alfalfa (P < 0,05). DM disappearance of ryegrass was significantly higher than that of alfalfa (P < 0,05). In conclusion, ryegrass may have some advantages in regions with limited forage sources. Additionally it may be alternative or substitute to the traditional small grain forages. Further research needed to show those advantages of ryegrass in nutrients to extrapolate consumption preferences or performance of beef or dairy cattle.Öğe The determination of nutrient contents and metabolizable energy levels of some roughages produced in Kirikkale region(Ankara Univ Press, 2008) Gugor, Tulin; Basalan, Mehmet; Aydogan, IlkayThis experiment was carried out to determine the nutrient contents and metabolizable energy (ME) levels of some roughages produced in Kirikkale region. Alfalfa hay, hungarian vetch hay, corn silage, dried crop corn, wheat straw, chickpea straw and grape pomace were used in this experiment. In this study the levels of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), ether extracts (EE) and crude ash (CA) in feed samples were determined by Weende Analysis methods and crude fibre (CF) quantities by Crampton and Maynard's method. Acid detergent fibre (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) contents were determined by Van Soest analysis. The equations developed by CF, ADF and ADL was used to calculate the ME values of feeds for ruminants. Dry matter values of the roughages varied between 90.12-95.31%. mean CP and CF levels were found as 20.26, 12.11, 5.61, 3.63, 12.15% and 24.71, 30.62, 33.30, 45.53, 33.52% for good quality alfalfa hay, low quality alfalfa hay, corn silage, wheat straw and grape pomace, respectively. In this study, the nutrient composition and energy values of some roughages produced in Kirikkale region were tabulated.Öğe The Effect of Organic Selenium and Vitamin E on Performance, Internal Organ Weight and Blood Parameters in Broiler Rations(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2010) Yalcinkaya, Ilkay; Gungor, Tulin; Basalan, Mehmet; Cinar, Miyase; Sacakli, PinarThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of rations containing organic selenium and Vitamin E on live weight, live weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, internal organ weights and blood parameters of broiler chicks. A total of 120, one day old Ross 308 male broiler chicks were used in this study. There were 4 treatment groups each containing 10 chicks of 3 replicates. The control group (K) was fed a basal diet without supplemented organic selenium (Se) and Vitamin E. Treatment groups were fed with 0.6 ppm organic selenium (Sel-Plex) (Se); 150 IU/kg Vitamin E (E) and 0.6 ppm organik selenium (Sel-Plex) + 150 IU Vitamin E (Se+E). The experiment lasted 42 days. There were no significant differences live weight, feed consumption, feed efficiency and relative internal organ weight among the groups (P>0.05). Serum vitamin E levels were higher in vitamin E (E) supplemented group than in other groups (P<0.05).Öğe The effect of prebiotic and organic zinc alone and in combination in broiler diets on the performance and some blood parameters(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2012) Yalcinkaya, Ilkay; Cinar, Miyase; Yildirim, Ebru; Erat, Serkan; Basalan, Mehmet; Gungor, TulinThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of prebiotic and organic zinc alone and in combination in broiler diets on the live weight gain (LWG), feed consumption (FC), feed consumption ratio (FCR), carcass yield, some relative organ weights and blood parameters. A total of 160 Ross 308 one-day old male chicks were assigned to 4 treatment groups with 4 replicates of 10 birds each. Treatment for each group consisted of: first group (control group) received basal diet without supplementation; second group received 1 g/kg Mannano ligosaccharide (MOS); third group received 80 mg/kg organic zinc (OZn); and fourth group received 80 mg/kg organic zinc + 1 g/kg Mannanoligosaccharide (MOS+OZn). The study lasted 42 days. The supplementation of MOS and OZn had no effect on the LWG, FC, FCR, carcass yield, serum aspartate aminotranferase, (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and triglyceride levels during the experiment (P>0.05). Relative organ weights (liver, spleen, pancreas) were significantly higher in OZn group than those in the other groups (P<0.001). There was a significant difference in serum total cholesterol and glucose levels between treatment groups and control group (P<0.001). Serum Zn and Fe levels were significantly lower in control group than those in OZn and MOS+OZn groups (P<0.001). The highest and the lowest Cu levels were in the MOS+OZn and control groups, respectively (P<0.001). These data suggest that OZn with MOS combination may have a beneficial effect on serum mineral level in broilers.Öğe Effects of Mannanoligosaccharide (MOS) from Saccharomyces Cerevisiae on Some Internal, Gastrointestinal and Carcass Parameters in Broilers(Medwell Online, 2008) Yalcinkaya, Ilkay; Gungor, Tulin; Basalan, MehmetThe study was conducted to investigate the effects of MannanOligoSaccharide (MOS) on internal organ weights, pHs of Gastrointestinal Tract (GIT) and carcass characteristics in broilers. A total of 120, 1-day-old Ross 308 (R) chicks were used in this study, Birds were assigned into four groups, each consisting three subgroups which are having 10 animals in them. The control group was fed a basal diet without supplemented MOS and the treatment groups were fed 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15% MOS in basal diet. MOS addition to the diet did not have any effect on carcass characteristics in broilers. Pancreas weight was significantly (p<0.05) lower in 0.10% MOS supplemented group than those in control group. The weight of bursa of fabricius in 0.05% MOS supplemented group was significantly (p<0.05) higher than those in control group. PHs in crops of animals in MOS supplemented groups was higher than (p<0.05) those in control group. MOS addition to the broiler diet did not alter carcass parameters although, supplementation increased pancreas weight and decreased the weight of bursa fabricius. Additionally MOS in diet altered the pH of the crop.Öğe Effects of medium-chain free fatty acids on performance, some biochemical parameters and meat fatty acids profile of broiler chickens(Chulalongkorn Univ, 2021) Demirci, Mehmet; Basalan, MehmetIn this study, it was aimed to investigate the effects of the addition of caprylic (octanoic, C8:0), capric (decanoic, C10:0) and lauric (dodecanoic, C12:0) acids from medium-chain free fatty acids to broiler diets. A total of 120 one-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were used and the study was conducted on 4 main groups of broilers; one control and three trials. The birds in the control group was fed an unadulterated basal diet and those in the experimental groups were fed with 0.2% of caprylic, capric and lauric acids (in addition to a basal diet) respectively. In the study, there was no significant difference between the groups in terms of mean live weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion rate, serum glucose, total cholesterol, total protein and albumin (P>0.05). However, the triglyceride levels were detected to be significantly lower in the experimental groups (P<0.05) than control group. Seventeen different types of fatty acids were determined and were profiled from breast meat samples and it was indicated that most of fatty acid types showed statistically significant differences (P<0.05) among the experimental groups. As a result, it was concluded that the addition of 0.2% of free caprylic, capric or lauric acids to broiler diets generally did not result in specific performance effects among the groups but significant differences occurred in the meat fatty acid profile. The most important changes were the increases of total n-3 levels and the decreases of total n-6 and n-6/n-3 levels, in fatty acid supplemented groups. It was also found that lauric acid was accumulated significantly in poultry meat. The data suggests that the use of medium-chain fatty acid in broiler rations may change poultry meat fat composition in a way that positively affects human health and also prolongs shelf life.Öğe Effects of Supplemental Epigallocatechin Gallate in the Diet of Broilers Exposed to Fluoride Intoxication(Humana Press Inc, 2018) Aydogan, Ilkay; Karsli, Mehmet Akif; Basalan, Mehmet; Yildirim, Ebru; Cinar, Miyase; Sen, Goekhan; Sumer, TugceWe evaluated the effects of dietary epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) on the performance, biochemical parameters, and liver histopathology of fluoride-intoxicated broiler chickens. In total, 160 1-day-old male broiler chicks (Ross PM3 strain) were collected and assigned to four groups (40 animals each), with four replicates. The control group received a basal diet; the F group received 800mg/kg fluoride; the EGCG group received 400mg/kg EGCG; and the EGCG+F group received 400mg/kg EGCG and 800mg/kg fluoride. The live weight (LW) of F-treated chicks was significantly lower than that of the controls. In the F-treated groups, feed intake (FI) and LW values were lower, but the feed conversion ratio (FCR) was higher than those of the controls. The ratio of heart weight to LW was found to be the highest in the F-treated groups. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and total oxidant status (TOS) levels in the F-treated groups were significantly higher, whereas the increase in total cholesterol levels was insignificant than those in the control group. In the EGCG+F group, AST, total cholesterol, and TOS levels decreased to a level comparable to those in the control group. Histopathological evaluation revealed that there were mild changes in the portal region in the EGCG+F group; additionally, there was an improvement in liver morphology in the EGCG+F group compared to that in the F group. Thus, EGCG has potent antioxidant and regenerative effects that can ameliorate the detrimental effects of fluoride toxicity on blood parameters and the liver.Öğe Mannan oligosaccharides (MOS) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae in broilers: Effects on performance and blood biochemistry(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey-Tubitak, 2008) Yalcinkaya, Ilkay; Guengoer, Tuelin; Basalan, Mehmet; Erdem, EvrenThis study was conducted to investigate the effects of mannan oligosaccharides (MOSs), which are commonly used as alternatives to antibiotics, on the growth performance and some blood parameters in broiler chickens. The study included 120 Ross 308 male broiler chicks (1-day-old at the beginning of the study). There were 4 treatment groups, each consisting of 3 replicates. MOSs were added at the level of 0.05%, 0.10%, and 0.15% to the starter and finisher diets. The experiment lasted 42 days. Body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not significantly different (P > 0.05) between MOS treatment groups during the experimental period (0-6 weeks). Serum triglyceride level was not influenced by dietary treatment (P > 0.05). However, the addition of MOSs significantly decreased AST (the highest level, P < 0.05) and ALT (all levels, P < 0.01) activity in the blood. Mean total cholesterol was significantly lower in the 0.05% MOS-fed group (P < 0.05) when compared to the remaining MOS treatment groups.Öğe Ruminal Fermentation(Springer International Publishing Ag, 2016) Owens, Fredric N.; Basalan, MehmetEquipped with a complex and advanced digestive tract that cultures diverse anaerobic microbes, adult ruminant animals possess a unique ability to not only harvest feed and forage but also to employ microbes to degrade complex fiber sources and produce nutrients essential for and readily digested by the host animal. When fermented, fiber, starches, and sugars yield volatile fatty acids, carbon dioxide, and methane. Protein sources are partially degraded to ammonia, volatile fatty acids and gases. Lipids are partly cleaved to glycerol and fatty acids with unsaturated fatty acids being hydrogenated. Most organic compounds in the diet can be fermented by anaerobic microbes within the rumen. The extent to which feed components are degraded is limited either by the accessibility of various feed components to ruminal microbes, by the enzymatic activity of ruminal microbes (that will vary with ruminal conditions), or the duration of time available for fermentation. Based on the ratios of volatile fatty acids produced and fermentation balance equations, energetic efficiency of fermentation and yield of various gases (carbon dioxide and methane) and ATP can be calculated. From ATP yield, the yield of microbial organic matter and microbial protein can be estimated. Ruminal fermentation occasionally becomes dysfunctional resulting in bloat, acidosis, and specific toxicoses. Chemical and antimicrobial compounds included in the diet can alter the microbial population or the fermentation process to avoid metabolic disorders and enhance energetic efficiency. Extent of ruminal digestion and yield of microbial products can be quantified most reliably by using live animals equipped with surgically installed cannulas for sampling digesta. But to simplify and speed feed quality measurement and to test effects of various feed additives, analytical laboratories incubate samples with ruminal microbes using batch and continuous culture techniques or suspend feeds within Dacron bags in the rumen for various durations of time. Thanks to their ability to both harvest and digest complex carbohydrates prevalent in diverse locations and present in agricultural and industrial wastes, ruminants throughout the world serve mankind through converting useless and underutilized resources into food and fiber products that have high nutritional and economic value.
