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Öğe Anxiety and depression before and after the menopause(Springer-Verlag, 2001) Sağsöz, N.; Oğuztürk, O.; Bayram, M.; Kamaci, M.Objective: Our purpose was to investigate the anxiety and depression at postmenopausal women. Methods: We studied 32 postmenopausal and 32 premenopausal patients aged between 40-55 years in Kirikkale University Medical Faculty Obstetric and Gynecology Department. We performed Beck depression scale and State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI)I and II on those patients. Blood samples were taken from each patient. We used students t test, pearson correlation analysis. Results: Beck depression test results were 21.3 +/- 6.7 and 15.1 +/- 5.6 in postmenopausal and premenopausal women respectively (p < 0.001). STAI-I were 50.4 +/- 9.1 and 47.5 +/- 8.5 in this 2 groups (p = 0.19) and STAI-II values were 47.5 +/- 9.1 and 45.4 +/- 7.5 (p = 0.33. We could not find a correlation between anxiety-depression and blood FSH, LH and E-2 levels We found a correlation between parity and depression (r = 0.423 p = 0.01). There were positive correlations between anxiety and depression tests (r = 0.489 p = 0.01 for STAI-I and r = 0.398 p = 0.01 for STAI-II). Conclusion: Depression rate is significantly higher in menopausal women.Öğe Effect of tamoxifen on serum IL-18, vascular endothelial growth factor and nitric oxide activities in breast carcinoma patients(Wiley, 2004) Coskun, U.; Gunel, N.; Sancak, B.; Onuk, E.; Bayram, M.; Cihan, A.Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a multi-functional cytokine that has been suggested to be a major angiogenic factor in breast cancer. Nitric oxide (NO) is a potent biological molecule that partipicates in the multi-step process of carcinogenesis. Interleukin (IL)-18 has been shown to have potent anti-tumour effects. In this study, we investigated the effect of tamoxifen therapy on serum VEGF, NO and IL-18 activity in breast cancer patients. Serum levels of VEGF, nitrate + nitrite and IL-18 were measured in 34 postmenopausal breast cancer patients before and 3 months after the tamoxifen therapy. Both serum VEGF and IL-18 levels decreased after tamoxifen therapy (P = 0.051, P < 0.05, respectively). Serum VEGF levels increased in patients with endometrial thickness, while patients without endometrial thickness had a significant reduction in serum VEGF levels after therapy (P < 0.05). Serum nitrate + nitrite levels increased after the therapy, but this was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). A decrease in serum VEGF levels with tamoxifen therapy may be a reflection of reduced angiogenic activity in patients without endometrial thickness. The negative effect of tamoxifen therapy on IL-18, which is known to have a potent antitumour activity, may be related to the decreased tumour growth by induction of NO and reduction of VEGF activity as a feedback mechanism.Öğe Effects of oral contraceptives with low-dose estrogen and desogestrel on leptin concentrations(Sci Printers & Publ Inc, 2002) Sagsöz, N.; Akcay, F.; Bayram, M.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate short-term leptin concentrations in women who use low-dose oral contraceptives. STUDY DESIGN: From 15 women without medical problems, venous blood samples were taken: basal, between days 3 and 5 of menstruation, and in the third month. The Human Leptin Radioimmunassay Kit (Linco Reseach, Inc., St. Charles, Missouri) was used for leptin measurement. Statistical analysis was done with the Wilcoxon test. RESULTS: The average patient age was 30.1 +/- 6.7 years. The basal leptin concentrations and leptin concentrations at the third month were 22.17 +/- 8.85 and 23.04 +/- 6.77 ng/mL, respectively. This increase was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Oral contraceptives with low-dose estrogen and desogestrel do not affect leptin concentrations in a three-month period.Öğe The effects of raloxifene and tibolone on homocysteine and vascular histopathological changes(Springer-Verlag Italia Srl, 2007) Bayram, M.; Özer, G.; Kalender, H.; Kabakcı, N.; Kısa, Üçler; Özkan, Y.The aim of the present study was to examine the effects of raloxifene (RLX) and tibolone (TBN) on plasma homocysteine (Hey) levels and their relationship with atherosclerotic changes in the walls of the carotid artery in ovariectomised rats. Thirty surgically ovariectomised Wistar albino rats after a menopausal period of 6 cycles were randomly assigned to receive RLX 0.01 mg/kg/day (n=10), TBN 0.04 mg/kg/day (n=10) and the same dose of placebo (n=10) for 6 cycles. Serum levels of vitamin B12, folate and Hey were measured and carotid arteries were examined histopathologically following the termination of treatment. Hey levels were 3.27 +/- 0.97, 2.57 +/- 0.32 and 2.28 +/- 0.12 mu mol/l, Vitamin B12 levels were 901.90 +/- 239.76, 694.70 +/- 112.20 and 631 +/- 309.44 pg/ml and folate levels were 73.80 +/- 12.71, 72.51 +/- 7.05 and 84.79 +/- 20.82 ng/ml in receiving RLX, TBN and placebo respectively. Hey levels were increased by RLX vs. placebo (P=0.006) but not by TBN vs. placebo (P=0.070). Vitamin B 12 levels were found to be elevated by TBN vs. the control group (P=0.041) but not by RLX vs. placebo (P=0.059). Histopathological examination of carotid arteries from rats receiving both RLX and TBN revealed no difference vs. placebo. Data obtained from the study support the view that neither RLX nor TBN appears to have a primary protective effect on vascular disease by effecting the metabolism of Hey at menopause.Öğe Fas-mediated pathway and apoptosis in normal, hyperplastic, and neoplastic endometrium(Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2003) Atasoy, P.; Bozdogan, O.; Erekul, S.; Bozdogan, N.; Bayram, M.Introduction. Abnormalities in the control of cell proliferation and apoptosis have been suggested to contribute to the development and progression of neoplasia. There are at least two pathways that activate apoptosis. The first is a mitochondria-dependent route governed by bcl-2 family proteins. The second is a parallel mechanism which involves the activation of a group of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptors, such as Fas. Aims. The aim of this study was to examine the distribution and interrelation between the expression patterns of apoptosis-related proteins such as Fas, caspase-3 (CPP32), and M30, and to investigate the role of Fas-mediated apoptosis in the pathogenesis and progression of endometrial neoplasms. Materials and methods. Using specific antibodies for Fas, caspase-3, and M30, we examined protein expressions in 29 endometrial carcinomas, 30 endometrial hyperplasias, and 21 normal cyclic endometria. The results of immunostaining for Fas and caspase-3 were analyzed semiquantitatively by using an immunohistochemical scoring system (HSCORE) that incorporated both the intensity and the distribution of specific staining. For M30, positive staining cells and extracellular particles were analyzed semiquantitatively per 10 high-power fields. Results. HSCOREs of Fas and caspase-3 were slightly higher in the secretory endometria than in the proliferative endometria. Similarly, M30 reactivity seemed to increase in the late secretory phase of the cycle. HSCOREs of Fas and caspase-3 and the reactivity of M30 were significantly higher in the carcinoma group than in the simple hyperplasia group (P < 0.05). Complex hyperplasias, however, expressed quite similar HSCOREs of Fas and caspase-3 as carcinomas. M30 reactivity was also significantly higher in complex hyperplasias than in simple hyperplasias, and in carcinomas positivity increased significantly (P < 0.05) as the grade progressed. Conclusions. The significant increase observed in Fas, caspase-3, and M30 expression in carcinomas as compared with simple hyperplasias may suggest that the Fas-related apoptotic pathway is also involved in the regulation of apoptosis in the endometrial tissue and promotes the development and progression of endometrial neoplasia. (C) 2003 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Öğe Kırıkkale ilinde preeklampsi prevelansı(2004) Bayram, M.; Sevinç, F. C.; Soyer, C.; Özer, G.Amaç: Bölgemizdeki gebe kadınlarda, preeklampsinin görülme prevelansının ve ortaya çıkış haftasının belirlenmesi amaçlandı. Mateyal ve Metod: 2000-2003 yılları arasında Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum polikliniğine başvuran birinci, ikinci ve üçüncü trimesterdeki 1200 gebe çalışmaya dahil edildi. Tüm gebelerin aylık izlemlerinde kan basıncı, vücut ağırlığı, pretibiyal ödem, tam kan sayımı, karaciğer ve böbrek fonksiyon testlerine bakıldı. Hipertansiyon saptanan gebelerde, günlük protein atılımını tespit amacı ile 24 saatlik idrar toplandı. Bulgular: Çalışmaya dahil olan 1200 gebenin; yaşları 24-39 arasındaydı ve ortalama gravidaları 3 idi. Bunlar içinde 22 preeklampsi vakası, ortalama 28. gebelik haftalarında tespit edildi. Bunların %77,27'si hafif, %22,73'ü şiddetli preeklampsi idi. Yapılan takiplerde, kan basınçları hastaların %77,27'sinde 140/90-160/11OmmHg arasında, %22,73'ünde 160/110mmHg'nın üzerinde bulunmuştur. 24 saatlik idrar analizinde proteinüri miktarları %22,73'ünde 300mg/dl'nin altında, %68,18'inde 3OO-5000mg/dl arasında ve %9,09'unda 5000mg/dl'nin üzerinde saptanmıştır. Sonuç: Kırıkkale ilinde gebelikte preeklampsi prevelansı % 1,83 ve ortaya çıkışı ortalama 28. gebelik haftası olarak tespit edilmiştir.Öğe A research on the level of urine neopterin to see if it may provide a vital clue for a provisional diagnosis of breast cancer in menopausal women(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2004) Bayram, M.; Bayram, O.; Boyunaga, H.; Özer, G.Objectives: To search the relation between the level of neopterin in urine and breast cancer developed in menopause. Methods: In this study, urine samples were collected from randomly selected menopausal and post-menopausal women who attended hospital, and from a control group. The participants were classified into two representative sample groups and a control group; 1st group: 30 menopausal and post-menopausal women whose ages varied from 45 to 80 and who suffered from breast cancer but had no viral infections, chronic inflammatory diseases and smoking habit; 2nd group: 30 menopausal and post-menopausal women aged between 48 and 63 with no complaint of any type of tumors, viral infections or chronic inflammatory diseases and with no smoking habit; 3rd group: A control group with 20 women aged between 20 and 28, who did not take part in sexual activities yet, and had no complaint of any type of tumors, viral infections or chronic inflammatory diseases and had no smoking habit. Urinalysis was carried out for each sample in order to measure the level of neopterin. Results: The mathematical results of neopterin levels for the groups showed that group I was significantly higher than group 11 and III (P = 0.0001); group H was significantly higher than group III (P = 0.003). Conclusions: If the results of this study were not confounded by another factor, then can we deduce that this relationship can be used as a risk factor that should warrent further investigation of breast cancer during the care and treatment of menopausal women. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Öğe Resistance index in fetal interlobar renal artery with renal pelvic dilatation up to 10 MM(John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2003) Kara, S.A.; Noyan, V.; Karadeniz, Y.; Yücel, A.; Altinok, D.; Bayram, M.Purpose. The purpose of this study was to compare the resistance indices (RIs) in the fetal interlobar renal arteries (IRAs) of third-trimester fetuses with or without pelvicaliceal dilatation of up to 10 mm and to compare them with those of the full-term healthy infants. Methods. Women with uncomplicated, low-risk, singleton third-trimester pregnancies were examined sonographically. The RIs in the IRAs were measured in the fetuses, who were stratified into 3 groups according to the anteroposterior diameter of the renal pelvic dilatation: group I, no dilatation; group II, 1-5-mm dilatation, and group III, 6-10-mm dilatation. Results. In total, 178 women were examined. We could study both kidneys in 139 of the fetuses; in the other 39, only 1 kidney could be imaged perfectly. This yielded a total of 317 kidneys. Group I fetuses included 172 (54%); group II, 98 (31%); and group III, 47 (15%) of the kidneys. The mean ( standard deviation) RIs in the IRAs were 0.81 +/- 0.09, 0.80 +/- 0.07, and 0.80 +/- 0.06 in the 3 groups, respectively, with no statistically significant difference between the groups (p = 0.72). There was also no statistically significant difference between the RIs recorded in the right and left kidneys. The mean RI in the IRAs of the 34 infants who were available for follow-up 6-12 weeks after delivery was 0.73 +/- 0.07, which was significantly less than that recorded in the third-trimester fetuses (P = 0.005). Conclusions. The RI in the fetal IRA does not differ in fetuses with and without renal pelvic dilatation of up to 10 mm. Thus, an increase in the RI or an RI that significantly differs between the right and left kidneys should be investigated further for possible renal pathology. (C) 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
