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Öğe Anti-infective Knitted Surgical Mesh for Stress Urinary Incontinence Applications: Synthesis, Characterization, and Investigation of Its In Vitro Biocompatibility(Korean Fiber Society, 2023) Bozkaya, OgünStress urinary incontinence (SUI) is an important problem that results in urinary incontinence when the urethra fails to function properly and is very common, especially in women. Mid-urethral sling (MUS) surgery is recognized as an effective and FDA-approved surgical treatment. In the MUS technique, a porous mesh sling based on polypropylene (PP), a non-absorbable synthetic polymer, is usually used. However, mesh-induced infections after MUS significantly threaten patient comfort and health. The aim of this study was to synthesize biocompatible MUS mesh with antimicrobial properties for the treatment of SUI. For this purpose, medical grade knitted PP mesh was coated with different levels of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in low pressure plasma environment. The synthesized AgNPs coated PP (AgNPS-c-PP) meshes were characterized by SEM, EDS, XRF, FTIR, XRD, DSC and TGA. In addition, the antimicrobial activity as well as in vitro biocompatibility of AgNPs-c-PP meshes were investigated by cytotoxicity and hemolysis tests. The characterization results confirmed that the PP mesh was coated with AgNPs. Antibacterial studies revealed that PP meshes coated with 1.0 mM, 5.0 mM and 10.0 mM AgNO3 solutions were effective against S. aureus and E. coli species. MTT cytotoxicity assay confirmed that AgNPs-c-PP meshes at 1.0 mM and 5.0 mM were non-toxic at the highest concentration applied on L929 fibroblast cells. The hemolytic index of all synthesized AgNPs-c-PP meshes was determined to be between 0 and 2. Thus, AgNPs-c-PP meshes synthesized by the method in this study show great promise as an effective antibacterial and biocompatible material in various surgical applications including MUS. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to the Korean Fiber Society.Öğe Cerrahi sütür uygulamaları için poli(hegzametilen biguanid) immobilize edilmiş emilmeyen ve antimikrobiyal PET fiber: sentez, karakterizasyon ve in vitro sitouyumluluk değerlendirmesi(Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, 2024) Bozkaya, Ogün; Günay, Kübra; Bozkaya, Esra; Arslan, MetinCerrahi sütürler, cerrahi müdahalelerden sonra yaraları kapatmak amacıyla yaygın olarak kullanılan tıbbi cihazlardır. Cerrahi prosedürler sırasında, sütürler çevredeki mikroorganizmalarla temas ederek bakteriyel biyofilmlerin gelişmesine ve ardından cerrahi alan enfeksiyonlarına (CAE) yol açabilir. Bu nedenle bakteri tutunmasını ve kolonizasyonunu engelleyen sütürlerin kullanılması yara iyileşmesinde oldukça önemlidir. CAE oluşumunu en aza indirmek için triklosan ve klorheksidin gibi antiseptiklerle kaplı antimikrobiyal sütürler kullanılmıştır. Ancak çeşitli antiseptiklere ve antibiyotiklere dirençli bakteri suşlarının ortaya çıkması nedeniyle alternatif antimikrobiyal sütürlerin geliştirilmesine yönelik yeni yaklaşımlar gereklidir. Antimikrobiyal ajanlar arasında, poliheksanid (poliheksametilen biguanid, PHMB) geniş spektrumlu antibakteriyel ve antifungal aktiviteye sahip, düşük toksisiteli ve biyouyumlu katyonik bir antiseptiktir. Bu çalışmada cerrahi dikiş ipliği olarak kullanılmak üzere PHMB immobilize edilmiş polietilen tereftalat (PET) liflerin sentezlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Sentezlenen modifiye PET lifler SEM, FTIR, DSC ve TGA ile karakterize edilmiştir. Bunlara ek olarak modifier PET liflerin ıslanabirliği ve in vitro degradasyon profili araştırılmıştır. Antimikrobiyal etkinlik testleri için S. aureus ve E. coli bakteri suşları kullanılmıştır. Materyallerin in vitro hücre-uyumluluğu (sitotoksisitesi) TS EN ISO 10993-5 standardına göre MTT testi ile değerlendirilmiştir.Öğe Chemical Characterization of Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene Based Tibial Inserts After Ethylene Oxide Sterilization(2023) Bozkaya, OgünUltra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has become the gold standard for total joint replacements such as tibial inserts because of its chemical inertness, superior mechanical properties, and biocompatibility. Ethylene oxide sterilization is one of the most common and effective methods used, especially for the sterilization of polyethylene-based polymeric implants. However, variable sterilization conditions can cause a change in the chemical structure of the polymeric material, which affects its mechanical properties and lifetime. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the chemical structure of UHMWPE tibial inserts sterilized with ethylene oxide undergoing certain conditions remains the same. Chemical characterization studies were performed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometer, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetric analysis, mass spectrometry and elemental analysis techniques recommended for polymeric materials in ISO 10993-8:2020 standard. According to the FTIR results, the spectra of the non-sterile and sterile tibial inserts were compared, and it was determined that the similarity between them was 99.97%. XRD results revealed that after ethylene oxide sterilization, there was no significant shift in the Bragg (1 0 0) peak. The percentages of crystallinity calculated from the fusion enthalpies determined by DSC of sterile and non-sterile samples are 54.3% and 53.3%, respectively. Characterization results revealed that there was no significant change in molecular structure, crystallinity, elemental composition of UHMWPE materials after ethylene oxide sterilization. These results can provide assurance that tibial inserts keep their physical, chemical, and mechanical properties after sterilization.Öğe Civa iyonlarınının çinko ve nikel iyonları içeren sulu ortamda 4-vinil piridin aşılanmış poli(etilen tereftalat) lifler ile seçimli adsorpsiyonu(Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, 2010) Bozkaya, Ogün; Yiğitoğlu, MustafaBu çalışmada, benzoil peroksit (Bz2O2) başlatıcısı kullanılarak poli(etilen tereftalat) (PET) lifler üzerine 4-vinil piridin monomeri sulu ortamda aşılanmıştır. PET lifler polimerizasyon ortamına alınmadan önce dikloretan (DCE) içerisinde 90 °C'de 2 saat süre ile şişirilmiştir.4-vp-g-PET lifler kullanılarak sulu çözeltiden Hg(II), Ni(II) ve Zn(II) iyonlarının uzaklaştırılması kesikli (batch) yöntem kullanılarak yapılmıştır. 4-Vinil piridin aşılanmış PET liflerin ağır metal iyonlarını adsorplama kapasitesi üzerine pH, aşı yüzdesi, adsorpsiyon süresi, başlangıç iyon derişimi ve adsorpsiyon sıcaklığı gibi farklı parametrelerin etkileri araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca adsorbanın iyon seçiciliği de incelenmiştir. Hg(II), Ni(II) ve Zn(II) iyonları için optimum pH değerleri sırasıyla, 3, 4,5 ve 5 olarak bulunmuştur. Adsorplanan iyon miktarlarının Hg(II)>Ni(II)>Zn(II) şeklinde olduğu saptanmıştır. Aşılanmış PET liflerin pH 3'de Hg(II)-Ni(II), Hg(II)-Zn(II) ve Hg(II)-Ni(II)-Zn(II) sulu çözelti karışımlarında Hg(II) iyonlarına karşı seçiciliğinin daha fazla olduğu görülmüştür.Öğe Etilen Oksit Sterilizasyonunun PEEK Bazlı Dental İmplantın Kimyasal Yapısı Üzerine Etkisi(Kırıkkale Üniversitesi, 2023) Bozkaya, OgünPolietereterketon (PEEK), kemik ve kıkırdak replasmanı için uygun mekanik özelliklere sahip biyouyumlu bir polimerdir. Bu nedenle titanyum bazlı metallere alternatif olarak tıpta ve diş hekimliğinde birçok potaniyel kullanıma sahiptir. Tıbbi cihaz yönetmeliğine göre implante edilebilir cihazlar yüksek risk sınıfında olması nedeniyle yıkama, dezenfeksiyon ve sterilizasyon süreçlerinden geçirilirler. Etilen oksit (EtO) sterilizasyonu özellikle PEEK bazlı polimerik implantların sterilizasyonu için kullanılan en yaygın ve etkili yöntemlerden biridir. Bununla birlikte, değişken sterilizasyon koşulları, polimerik malzemenin kimyasal yapısında, mekanik özelliklerini ve ömrünü etkileyen birtakım değişikliklere neden olabilir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, belirli koşullar altında EtO ile sterilize edilen PEEK bazlı dental implantların kimyasal yapısının değişip değişmediğini araştırmaktır. Kimyasal karakterizasyon çalışmaları ISO 10993-18:2020 standardında polimerik malzemeler için önerilen fourier transform kızılötesi spektroskopisi (FT-IR), diferansiyel taramalı kalorimetri (DSC), termogravimetrik analiz (TGA), CHNS elementel analiz ve gaz kromatografi-kütle spektrometrisi (GC-MS) teknikleri kullanılarak yürütülmüştür. Karakterizasyon sonuçları, etilen oksit sterilizasyonundan sonra PEEK materyalin moleküler yapısında, kristalinitesinde ve elementel bileşiminde önemli bir değişiklik olmadığını ortaya koymuştur.Öğe Poly(hexamethylene biguanide) immobilized non-absorbable and antimicrobial PET fiber for surgical suture applications: synthesis, characterization and in vitro cytocompatibility assessment(2024) Bozkaya, Ogün; Günay, Kübra; Bozkaya, Esra; Arslan, MetinSurgical sutures are medical devices commonly used to close wounds. However, surgical site infections (SSI) are highly likely to occur around the suture after surgery. In this study, we aimed to synthesize a multi-filament polyethylene terephthalate (PET) based non-absorbable antimicrobial suture to prevent possible CAI. PET fiber was grafted with methacrylic acid (MAA-g-PET) to give it a functional group. MAA-g-PET fibers were immobilized with poly(hexamethylene) biguanide (PHMB), a cationic antiseptic with broad spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activity (PHMB/MAA-g-PET). The synthesis of PHMB/MAA-g-PET fibers was confirmed by SEM, FTIR, DSC and TGA characterizations. The antimicrobial activity of PHMB/MAA-g-PET fiber was investigated against S. aureus and E. coli species and proved to be >99% effective against both species. MTT cytotoxicity assay revealed that PHMB/MAA-g-PET fiber was cytocompatible for L929 fibroblast cells. In addition, in vitro degradation studies showed that the degradation profile of PHMB/MAA-g-PET was not much different from the original PET and retained its non-absorbable property.Öğe Production and characterization of hybrid nanofiber wound dressing containing Centella asiatica coated silver nanoparticles by mutual electrospinning method(Pergamon-Elsevier Science Ltd, 2022) Bozkaya, Ogün; Arat, Esra; Gök, Zehra Gün; Yiğitoğlu, Mustafa; Vargel, İbrahimThe aim of this work is to produce a therapeutic and antimicrobial nanofiber wound dressing material with suitable air permeability, water vapor transmission, water absorption, porosity, thermal and mechanical strength. For this purpose, first of all, Centella asiatica (CA) coated silver nanoparticles (CA-AgNPs) are synthesized with using CA extract as reducing and stabilizing agent. The green synthesized CA-AgNPs are characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, transmission electron microscope (TEM), zeta potential and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy measurements. The obtained CA-AgNPs give a single peak in the 420-430 nm range between 200 and 700 nm due to surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The average zeta potential and size of CA-AgNPs is found to be-30.4 mV and 14.8 +/- 7.3 nm, respectively. Then, poly caprolactone (PCL) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) nanofibers composition containing CA-AgNPs is synthesized by mutual electrospinning method. Before electrospinning, the PCL solution (12% w/v in chloroform/methanol (70%/30%, v/v)), PEO solution (3.5%, w/v in water) and PEO solutions containing 1%, 5% and 10% (v:v) of CA-AgNPs are prepared. In electrospinning experiments, to synthesis the PCL/PEO nanofibers containing CA-AgNPs, an electrospinning set-up consisting of two high voltage sources, an aluminum rotary roller collector and two syringe pumps (one with a double syringe and the other with a single syringe) is used. To produce the wound dressing materials, PEO solutions containing CA-AgNPs are placed on the double syringe pump and PCL solution is placed on the single syringe pump. The surface and physico-chemical properties of the produced hybrid nanofibers are characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersion spectrometry (EDS), FTIR, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and porosity analyzer. Also, the thermal and mechanical properties of the obtained materials are investigated. In addition, the air permeability, water uptake capacity, water contact angle, water vapor transmission, in vitro degradation and silver release behavior of the samples are investigated. The results show that mutual dual-spinneret electrospinning technique combines the features of dissimilar components without corruption. Moreover, the in vitro degradation profile and silver release results show that these nanofibers could be used in wound dressing applications in the long term. With antimicrobial studies, PEO/ PCL nanofibers containing 5% and 10% CA-AgNPs are found to be effective against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans. Also, the cytotoxic properties of nanofibers are investigated by MTT (3-[4,5dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay and results show the good biocompatibility for L929 fibroblast cells. Results reveal that CA-AgNPs loaded PCL/PEO hybrid nanofibers materials synthesized in this study has a promising potential for wound healing applications.Öğe Removal of anionic dyes with glycidyl methacrylate-grafted polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fibers modified with ethylenediamine(Springer, 2021) Bozkaya, Ogün; Günay, Kübra; Arslan, Metin; Gün Gök, ZehraIn this work, the epoxy groups of poly (ethylene terephthalate) PET copolymers grafted with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) were modified with ethylenediamine (EDA) to form exclusive adsorbent for removal of congo red (CR) and acid violet7 (AV-7) in the aqueous environment. The graft copolymers (GMA-g-PET) were synthesized with different grafting yield by a radical polymerization process with using benzoyl peroxide (Bz(2)O(2)) as radical initiator. Amination of GMA-g-PET fibers using EDA was studied in different solvents, and maximum yield (w/w %) was obtained in the toluene. The grafted and modified fibers were analyzed by CHNS organic elemental analyzer, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (C-13-NMR). By SEM analysis, the morphological changes have been shown after grafting. The chemical changes after grafting and addition of EDA to the fibers have been proven with FTIR, NMR and elemental analysis. The thermal properties of the grafted and aminated fibers were researched with thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimeter analysis. The removal of dyes by the EDA-GMA-g-PET fibers was investigated in aqueous medium at different conditions. Optimum conditions of different parameters such as pH of medium, graft yield of GMA on the fibers, adsorption duration, initial concentration of dye molecules and effect of graft yield on amination reaction were examined. The optimum pH of CR and AV-7 removal was found 5 and 3, respectively. The removal yield was found about 100% for both dyes while initial concentration of dyes was changed from 10 to 400 mg/L. Adsorbed dyes with the fibers were desorbed with 1 M NaOH at room conditions.
