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    Cadmium Induced Changes on Growth Performance, Some Biochemical Parameters and Tissue in Broilers: Effects of Vitamin C and Vitamin E
    (Academic Journals Inc, 2011) Cinar, Miyase; Yigit, A. Arzu; Yalcinkaya, Ilkay; Oruc, Ertan; Duru, Ozkan; Arslan, Metin
    This study was performed to determine the effects of vitamin C (vit C) and vitamin E (vit E) on growth performance, some biochemical parameters and tissue changes in broiler chickens exposed to cadmium (Cd). One hundred twenty, 1-day-old, Ross broiler chicks were divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates and fed with a basal diet (control) or the basal diet supplemented with 60 mg kg(-1) Cd, 60 mg kg(-1) Cd+400 mg kg(-1) vit C, or 60 mg kg(-1) Cd+250 mg kg(-1) vit E for 42 days. Body weight (BW), Body Weight Gain (BWG) and Feed Consumption (FC) were recorded and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was calculated. Plasma were analysed for aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), gamma glutamyltransferase (GGT) activities and total protein, total cholesterol and creatinine levels. Cadmium significantly decreased the BW (p<0.001), BWG (p<0.001), FC (p<0.001) and FCR (p<0.05) compared with the control group. Regarding the same groups plasma and kidney Cd (p<0.001) and AST (p<0.05) and GGT activities (p<0.01) were increased. While growth performance were not affected in vit C and vit E supplementated group compared with the Cd-only group, these treatments reduced plasma Cd and GGT activities. Furthermore vit C was more effective in reducing Cd accumulation in kidneys and liver.
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    Effects of clinoptilolite on heavy metal levels in milk, proinflammatory cytokine responses (IL-1? and IL-6) and oxidative stress in dairy cows
    (Akademiai Kiado Zrt, 2022) Kurtdede, Efe; Kurtdede, Arif; Duru, Sibel yasa; Duru, Ozkan; Kara, Erdal; Aluc, Yasar; Kaya, Ufuk
    The effects of clinoptilolite on milk copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd) and iron (Fe) concentrations, proinflammatory cytokine responses, oxidative stress status, whole blood cell counts and liver and kidney functions were investigated in dairy cows exhibiting no signs of any kind of toxicity. Clinoptilolite was added to the feed at a dose of 200 mg kg(-1) body weight in the clinoptilolitetreated group (n = 14), but was not added to the feed in the control group (n = 7). In the milk samples (n = 21) collected before the experiment, the Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd and Fe values were 0.021 +/- 0.020, 0.104 +/- 0.01, 3.42 +/- 0.32, <0.000, 0.56 +/- 0.34 ppm, respectively. At the end of the experiment (30th day), among the elements measured in milk samples collected from the clinoptilolite-treated group, only the Pb value (0.076 +/- 0.01) was lower than the 0-day value of the clinoptilolite-treated group (0.104 +/- 0.01) and the 30th-day value of the control group (0.105 +/- 0.01) was found to be statistically lower. Changes determined at the end of clinoptilolite application in serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), albumin, glucose, urea and urine creatinine/urine total protein (uCr/uTP) values, which were interpreted as the effect of lead exposure before the trial, were evaluated as the positive effect of clinoptilolite. It was concluded that the addition of clinoptilolite to the feed in dairy cows caused a significant decrease in the amount of Pb in milk, and positive changes in the parameters related to oxidative stress in serum and in parameters related to renal function.
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    Effects of Dietary Supplementation with Vitamin C and Vitamin E and Their Combination on Growth Performance, Some Biochemical Parameters, and Oxidative Stress Induced by Copper Toxicity in Broilers
    (Humana Press Inc, 2014) Cinar, Miyase; Yildirim, Ebru; Yigit, A. Arzu; Yalcinkaya, Ilkay; Duru, Ozkan; Kisa, Ucler; Atmaca, Nurgul
    This study investigated effects of dietary supplementation with vitamin C, vitamin E on performance, biochemical parameters, and oxidative stress induced by copper toxicity in broilers. A total of 240, 1-day-old, broilers were assigned to eight groups with three replicates of 10 chicks each. The groups were fed on the following diets: control (basal diet), vitamin C (250 mg/kg diet), vitamin E (250 mg/kg diet), vitamin C + vitamin E (250 mg/kg + 250 mg/kg diet), and copper (300 mg/kg diet) alone or in combination with the corresponding vitamins. At the 6th week, the body weights of broilers were decreased in copper, copper + vitamin E, and copper + vitamin C + vitamin E groups compared to control. The feed conversion ratio was poor in copper group. Plasma aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase activities, iron, copper concentrations, and erythrocyte malondialdehyde were increased; plasma vitamin A and C concentrations and erythrocyte superoxide dismutase were decreased in copper group compared to control. Glutathione peroxidase, vitamin C, and iron levels were increased; aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and copper levels were decreased in copper + vitamin C group, while superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and vitamin E concentrations were increased; aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase were decreased in copper with vitamin E group compared to copper group. The vitamin C concentrations were increased; copper, uric acid, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and malondialdehyde were decreased in copper + vitamin C + vitamin E group compared to copper group. To conclude, copper caused oxidative stress in broilers. The combination of vitamin C and vitamin E addition might alleviate the harmful effects of copper as demonstrated by decreased lipid peroxidation and hepatic enzymes.
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    Effects of magnesium sulphate on the oxidative stress, biochemical and hematological parameters in pregnant rats with L- NAME induced preeclampsia
    (Parlar Scientific Publications (P S P), 2011) Cinar, Miyase; Yildirim, Ebru; Yigit, A. Arzu; Macun, H. Ceyhun; Duru, Ozkan
    The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) on some biochemical and hematological parameters, lipid peroxidation, and antioxidant enzymes in pregnant rat model of preeclampsia induced by L-w-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Thirty two pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 equal groups as control, L-NAME (50 mg/kg bw/day), MgSO4 (600 mg/kg bw/day) or L-NAME + MgSO4 (1-4) given groups on the 11(th) day of the pregnancy in their drinking water. The increased blood pressure (BP) was detected on the 12(th) and 19(th) days of pregnancy. Blood samples were collected on the 19(th) day to determine blood oxidative status, some biochemical and hematological parameters. L-NAME decreased erythrocyte superoxide dismutase activity, plasma total protein level and increased erythrocyte catalase and glutathion peroxidase activities, BP, plasma malondialdehyde, cholesterol and triglyceride levels, alkaline phophatase activity and white blood cell counts compared to control group. While MgSO4 decreased aspartate amino transferase and alanine amino transferase activities and calcium level, it increased magnesium level compared to control group. Increased BP, plasma cholesterol levels, erythrocyte catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities by L-NAME were decreased by the addition of MgSO4. In conclusion, MgSO4 (600 mg/kg bw/day) may be beneficial in the treatment of preeclampsia by increasing usage of antioxidant enzymes
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    Investigation of the prophylactic and therapeutic effectiveness of oral thyme extract in rats experimentally infected with cryptosporidium parvum
    (Springer, 2023) Kara, Erdal; Duru, Sibel Yasa; Gokpinar, Sami; Duru, Ozkan; Sevin, Sedat; Senel, Yasin; Kaya, Ufuk
    In this study, the prophylactic and therapeutic activities of thyme extract at different concentrations against experimental Cryptosporidium parvum infection in immunosuppressed rats were investigated. Thyme extract was prepared at four different concentrations (10%, 30%, 50%, and 100%) and administered as a single oral dose of 1 mL for evaluation of its prophylactic efficacy. Five consecutive days after infection was detected in all rats, therapeutic evaluations were also performed. According to the results obtained by daily counting of oocysts in stools, the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of thyme extract administration were significant in comparison to the control group (P<0.01). Oocyst shedding continued in the control group at high numbers from the beginning to the end of the study, while oocyst counts in the prophylaxis groups remained low throughout the study. On the other hand, oocyst excretion rates were high in the therapeutic groups and decreased rapidly after thyme extract administration. At the end of the study, oocyst excretion had completely stopped for some rats administered thyme extract. There was no group in which oocyst shedding ceased for all rats. No significant differences were observed in the therapeutic or prophylaxis groups regarding the doses administered (P > 0.01). Renal and hepatic functions were monitored by measuring urea, creatinine, alanine transaminase, and aspartate transaminase levels before and after thyme extract administration. As a result, it was concluded that oral thyme extract administration at the doses applied in this study is effective and safe in the prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of experimental cryptosporidiosis in rats.
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    THE MILK IGF-2 LEVEL IS POSITIVELY CORRELATED WITH MILK YIELD IN ANATOLIAN WATER BUFFALOES
    (Int Buffalo Information Ctr, 2023) Guler, Hakan; Yarim, Gul Fatma; Yarim, Murat; Duru, Ozkan; Gokceoglu, Ayris
    The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between milk insulin-like growth factor-2 (IGF-2) concentration and milk yield in Anatolian water buffaloes. This study was conducted on milk samples from 80 Anatolian water buffaloes. Milk samples collected from buffaloes were evaluated for subclinical mastitis. For this purpose, the California mastitis test and somatic cell count were performed in milk samples taken from four different mammary lobes of buffaloes. The milk IGF-2 level was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Milk IGF-2 concentration ranged from 21.6 ng/ml -63.2 ng/ml in Anatolian water buffaloes. The IGF-2 concentration in Anatolian water buffaloes milk was 40.1 & PLUSMN;8.5 ng/ml. Milk IGF-2 was positively correlated with milk yield (r2=0.941, P<0.01). Our results showed that milk IGF-2 concentration was associated with milk yield in Anatolian buffaloes. These findings show that locally synthesized IGF-2 can affect milk yield. This study contributes to the understanding of the composition of buffalo milk, which has an important value in human nutrition. It is recommended to confirm the results of similar measurements in milk from other animal species used for human consumption.
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    The relationship of leptin and thyroid hormones with milk yield and some fertility parameters in Simmental dairy cows during transition period
    (Tubitak Scientific & Technological Research Council Turkey, 2021) Duru, Ozkan; Devrim, Alparslan Kadir; Macun, Hasan Ceyhun; Duru, Sibel Yasa; Senol, Ali
    In this study, transition period cows were used to test the hypothesis that serum levels of leptin and thyroid hormones would correlate the production efficiency such as milk yield, body condition score, and fertility in dairy cows raised under the same controlled conditions. The study comprised 37 Simmental cows, which were 3 years old and between 257-265 days of gestation. Serum levels of leptin, T3, T4, FT3, and FT4 hormones were measured in blood samples obtained from the animals, which were in the period of 3 weeks before and 3 weeks after delivery. Prepartum serum leptin levels were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in cows having increased milk production compared to the first lactation peak value. Also, postpartum serum FT3 levels were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in cows having milk yield of >= 30 kg. Leptin levels were found to be inversely related with milk production and fertility. FT3 levels exhibited a negative correlation with milk production and similarly T3 levels showed an inverse correlation with body condition score. The present study proposed that routine monitoring of leptin and thyroid hormones would be useful for the reproductive management of cows with breeding problems.