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    Effect of Carnitine on Cutaneous Wound Healing in Immunosuppressed Rats
    (Academic Press Inc Elsevier Science, 2009) Akkuş, Abdullah; Aydınuraz, Kuzey; Daphan, Çağatay; Saygun, Oral; çağlayan, Osman; Edremitlioğlu, Mustafa; Ağalar, Fatih
    Background. The wound is ischemic in nature. Chronic steroid administration impairs wound healing by changing enzymes in the glycolytic pathway. Carnitine supplementation may help to restore the energy deficiency caused by chronic steroid administration in the wound. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of carnitine on impaired wound healing. Methods. The study was conducted in three groups. Surgical intervention was a 4 cm long midline skin incision at the back. In Group A, eight rats received methylprednisolone for 7 d prior to surgical intervention, and it was continued until the end of the experiment. In Group B, 12 rats received methylprednisolone for 7 d prior to surgical intervention. After surgery, methylprednisolone injection was continued and carnitine was supplemented until the end of the experiment. In Group C, eight rats received no medication. The wound of half of the animals in each group was harvested on the seventh day after surgical intervention and the remaining on the 14th d. Tensile strength and hydroxyproline content were measured in all groups. Results. There was no significant difference in parameters in any of the groups on day seven. On day 14, all parameters were statistically different between methylprednisolone and control groups (P < 0.05). Values for tensile strength were higher in the methylprednisolone/carnitine group compared with methylprednisolone group (P < 0.05). Carnitine administration had also increased hydroxyproline levels in the methylprednisolone/carnitine group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusions. Carnitine is shown to increase tensile strength of the wound when supplemented to immunosuppressed rats in which wound healing is impaired by methylprednisolone. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    The effect of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on the renal functions in septic rats: Relation to oxidative damage
    (Springer, 2005) Edremitlioğlu, Mustafa; Kılıç, Dilek; Oter, Şükrü; Kısa, Üçler; Korkmaz, Ahmet; Coşkun, Ömer; Bedir, O
    Purpose. To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) treatment on renal functions and damage in septic rats. Methods. The animals were divided into four groups, each containing ten animals: control, hyperbaric oxygen, sepsis, and sepsis/hyperbaric oxygen. One milliliter of saline containing live Escherichia coli cells (2.1 x 10(9)) was injected intraperitoneally to induce sepsis. The groups treated with HBO were given five sessions of 2 atmospheres absolute of 100% oxygen at intervals of 6 h. Blood, urine, and tissue samples were then collected, and the functional renal parameters, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase activities were examined. Results. The reduced glomerular filtration rate and urine flow returned to normal levels after HBO treatment; however, the increase in fractionated sodium excretion continued. The increased MDA levels in the renal cortex and medulla also decreased to the level of the control group. In the sepsis group, both the SOD and catalase activities decreased in the renal cortex, while a reduction was observed only in the catalase activity in the medulla. The reduced enzyme activities significantly increased in the sepsis/hyperbaric oxygen group. Conclusion. HBO treatment has a beneficial effect on renal dysfunction in sepsis. The probable reason for this effect is the reduction in oxidative damage because of the increase in antioxidative capacity.
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    Effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on liver functions, oxidative status and histology in septic rats
    (Springer, 2005) Oter, Şükrü; Edremitlioğlu, Mustafa; Korkmaz, Ahmet; Coşkun, Ömer; Kılıç, Dilek; Kısa, Üçler; Bilgiç, Hayati
    Objective: The liver is thought to be responsible for multiple organ failure during sepsis. Increase in tissue oxygen consumption is a major component of the septic response. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy provides more oxygenation in the whole body. This study examined the effect of HBO alone or in combination with cefepime (CEF) on the liver in septic rats. Design and interventions: We divided 90 male rats into six groups; control, HBO, sepsis (SEP), SEP+HBO, SEP+CEF, and SEP+CEF+HBO. Sepsis was induced with an intraperitoneal injection of Escherichia coli (2.1x10(9) cfu). A total of six HBO sessions were performed at 2 atm absolute for 90 min at 6-h intervals. CEF was administered intraperitoneally at a dose of 50 mg/kg twice daily. Animals were killed 48 h after sepsis induction. Their liver and blood were removed for biochemical and histopathological analysis. Measurements and results: Liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances as well as serum alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase levels increased while the activity of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase and catalase decreased significantly in septic rats. These parameters returned to nearly control levels in the SEP+CEF+HBO group. Histological observations supported these findings: Hepatocellular degeneration was observed and intensive polymorphonuclear cell infiltration appeared in all fields of septic animal livers. HBO alone could not sufficiently reverse these histopathological changes, but most liver sections presented normal histology when it was combined with CEF. Conclusions: HBO may be a useful adjuvant therapy modality to improve the efficacy of sepsis treatment.