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Öğe Determination of alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity in peripheral blood leukocytes of pregnant, adult, and kitten Angora cats(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey-Tubitak, 2015) Bayraktaroglu, Alev Gurol; Simsek, Ozkan; Kurum, Aytul; Arikan, Sevket; Ergun, EmelThis study aimed to determine the alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase (ANAE) activity of peripheral blood leukocytes in pregnant, kitten, and adult Angora cats. In each group 9 healthy pregnant, adult, and kitten Angora cats constituted the material of the study. Optimum reaction was achieved after a 3 h incubation period at pH 5.8, by ANAE staining. Two types of reaction were observed in ANAE (+) T lymphocytes. The first reaction was a dot-like positivity pattern characterized by the presence of large granules, while the other was a granular positivity pattern characterized by the presence of 3 to 5 small granules. B lymphocytes reacted negatively in ANAE staining. The rate of ANAE (+) lymphocytes in pregnant, kitten, and adult Angora cats was 62.89 +/- 1.29%, 68.37 +/- 1.22%, and 77.71 +/- 1.63%, respectively. In conclusion, the lowest rate of ANAE-positive lymphocytes was detected in the pregnant cats, depending on the maternal immune tolerance supported by hormonal mechanisms. An increased rate of ANAE-positive lymphocytes was detected in the kittens, and the highest rate was measured in the adults, in parallel with the development of the immune system.Öğe Determination of antioxidants in bovine oviduct epithelial cell culture isolated at different periods of the estrous cycle(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey-Tubitak, 2019) Kurum, Aytul; Karahan, Siyami; Kocamis, Hakan; Cinar, Miyase; Ergun, EmelOxidative stress interferes with oviduct functions including oocyte maturation, capacitation, fertilization, and embryo and gamete transport. This study aimed to determine activity of the antioxidants glutathione peroxidase (GPX-I), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) in bovine oviduct epithelial cells (BOEC) isolated from the isthmus and ampulla of the oviduct at estral (n = 7) and luteal phases (n = 7) of the estrous cycle. The antioxidant activity was measured at the primary, first, and second passages of the cell culture, and was characterized by cytokeratin expression. The GPX activity increased over the passages in samples of the ampulla and the isthmus of each sexual phase without statistical significance. The SOD activity remained steady through the cell passages in both sexual phases. CAT activity at the primary culture was higher in the ampulla compared to the isthmus in both sexual phases with a significant difference for the estral phase (P < 0.05), and it decreased over the passages with no significant differences. In conclusion, the antioxidant enzyme activity profile of BOEC did not differ by region or sexual cycle except for that of CAT, which was higher in the ampulla. Further studies should focus on SOD, GPX, and CAT activity for the mechanism of BOEC adaptation to an in vitro environment.Öğe The effects of experimental aflatoxicosis on the exocrine pancreas in quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)(Springer Heidelberg, 2007) Şimşek, Nejdet; Ergun, Levent; Ergun, Emel; Alabay, Belma; Essiz, DincThe present investigation was undertaken to assess the effects of aflatoxin (AF) on the exocrine pancreas in quails by means of light and electron microscopy. A total of 30 quails were divided into three groups, each composed of ten animals. Total AF was incorporated into the diet of these groups, at doses of 0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg of AF/kg feed, ppm, respectively. The quails were raised in cages with electrical heating and 24-h lighting for a period of 3 weeks. Ad libitum access was provided to feed and drinking water. Pancreas samples were taken for light and electron microscopic examination from animals that were killed by means of cervical dislocation at the end of the study. Light microscopic examination demonstrated mild mononuclear cell infiltration of exocrine tissue and vacuolisation of acinar cells in the group fed on AF at 2.5 ppm. On the other hand, electron microscopic examination demonstrated degranulation of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (rER) of acinar cells, decrease in the number of zymogen granules and free ribosomes and polisomes, and dilatation of capillaries in the group fed on AF at a dose of 2.5 ppm. Numerous degenerative acinar cells were determined in the group fed a diet containing 5.0 ppm AF, in addition to the findings common with the other group exposed to the toxin.Öğe Histomorphology of the Brunner's Glands in the Angora Rabbit(Medwell Online, 2010) Ergun, Emel; Ergun, Levent; Ozen, Asuman; Kurum, Aytul; Bayraktaroglu, Alev GuerolThe study was aimed to demonstrate the distribution, morphological and histochemical properties of Brunner's glands in the small intestine of the Angora rabbit. The duodenum of 10 healthy animals of both sexes constituted the material of the study. The glands were composed of acini densely packed within the submucosa. The Brunner's glands contained two types of cells, namely, serous and mucous cells. Histochemical examination revealed that the mucous glands and secretory ducts did not react with the Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) stain, while serous glands were weakly PAS-positive. Furthermore, muscous glands reacted positively with alcian blue pH 2.5. When applied the combined aldehyde fuchsin-alcian blue pH 2.5 staining procedure, mucous glands were determined to be aldehyde fuchsin (-) and alcian blue (+). These results showed that while a limited amount of neutral carbohydrates was secreted in serous glands, the secretion of the ducts and mucous cells of the duodenal glands in the Angora rabbit was composed of acidic carbohydates with this staining properties of the duodenal secretion. Electron microscopic examination revealed the cytoplasm of mucous gland cells to be filled with electron light secretion granules. Fewer electron dense granules were determined to be present among these electron light granules. The electron dense granules were found within the apical cytoplasm of serous glands.Öğe Histomorphology of the oviduct epithelium in the Angora rabbit(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey-Tubitak, 2010) Ozen, Asuman; Ergun, Emel; Kurum, AytulThe present study was undertaken to investigate cyclic changes in the structure of oviduct epithelial cells, and the content of oviductal mucus in the Angora rabbit using light and electron microscopy. Ten female Angora rabbits, 5 of which were in the estrual stage and the other 5 were in the luteal stage of the estrous cycle, were used in the study. Tissue samples taken from the fimbria, ampulla and isthmus of the oviduct were examined under light and electron microscope. Ciliated cells were demonstrated to be predominant in the fimbria and ampulla, whereas secretory cells were determined to be most numerous in the isthmus. The estrual stage was characterized with greater cell heights, and increased numbers of ciliated cells and secretion. Both secretion and cilia were determined to decrease evidently in the luteal stage. Neutral and acidic mucosubstances were found to be present in the ampulla and isthmus. In the isthmus, in which secretion was dense, acidic mucosubstance was determined to contain sulphate and carboxyl groups by means of combined Aldehyde fuchsin/Alcian blue (AF/Ab) staining. Electron microscopic examination revealed the presence of electron-dense and electron-light secretion granules in secretory cells. In all cyclic stages, electron-dense foci were observed in the electron-light secretion granules of some secretory cells.Öğe Light and electron microscopic investigations on the endocrine pancreas in Angora rabbit(Ankara Univ Press, 2010) Simsek, Nejdet; Ergun, Emel; Ergun, LeventThe endocrine pancreas of the Angora rabbits (10 healthy adult) was examined in this study using histochemistry and electron microscopy. Pancreas samples taken rabbits were fixed in Bouin, Carnoy, and gluteraldehyde-paraformaldehyde solutions. Although, two endocrine cell types was determined in sections of pancreas staining as histochemical by aldehyde fuchsine light green orange G (AF), endocrine islets were constituted by A, B and D cells in electron microscopical examination. The centre of the Langerhans islets were occupied predominantly by B cells stained purple-violet and surrounded a few by A cells stained yellowish-green. Secretory granules of A cells generally were spherical and high electron-dense whereas in the cytoplasm of B cells were determined high electron-dense and low electron- dens granules, have a halo between the membrane and their content. D cells were observed contain to round two kinds of secretory granules, have high electron-dense and low electron-dense material, but smaller than those A and B cell types. In conclusion, the endocrine pancreas of the Angora rabbits were constituted by numerously B cells, a few A cells, and infrequently D cells.Öğe Light and electron microscopic studies on the oviduct epithelium of the Pekin duck (Anas platyrhynchos)(Ankara Univ Press, 2009) Ozen, Asuman; Ergun, Emel; Kurum, AytuelThe present study was undertaken to investigate the histochemical properties and light and electron microscopic morphology of the oviduct of laying Pekin ducks and Pekin ducks in the quiescent phase of the reproductive Cycle. The oviducts of five healthy, two-year-old adult laying Pekin ducks and five five-month-old Pekin ducks in the quiescent phase of the reproductive cycle, obtained from the Farm of Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, constituted the Material of the present study. The oviduct of the Pekin duck was segmented into five regions. namely, the infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus and vagina. Along the oviduct, the tunica mucosa forms convolutions protruding into the lumen, and the height of these convolutions were determined to increase in the regions of the magnum and uterus. The lamina epithelialis was ascertained to be composed of ciliated and secretory cells. The lamina propria was filled with glands in the magnum, isthmus and uterus. In laying ducks, the PAS-positive reaction in the isthmus and the performic acid/Alcian blue pH 2.5 reaction in the magnum were determined to tic very strong. Oil the other hand, due 10 the cells forming the lamina epithelialis and the proprial glands not having developed fully, these reactions were observed to be weak in ducks in the quiescent phase of the reproductive cycle. In electron microscopic examinations, a single type of secretion granule, of medium electron density and varying size, was observed in the secretory cells of the lamina epithelialis. Electron dense secretion granules were present in the proprial glands of the magnum and isthmus, whereas proprial glands of the Uterus contained electron light granules.Öğe Morphological studies on ovarian mast cells in the cow(Scientific Technical Research Council Turkey-Tubitak, 2007) Özen, Asuman; Ergun, Levent; Ergun, Emel; Şimşek, NejdetThis study was conducted on cows in the estrual and luteal phases of the cycle to determine the staining properties, light and electron microscopic appearance and numerical distribution of mast cells from various areas of the ovary. The material for the study comprised ovarian specimen taken from 14 cows, 7 in the luteal phase and 7 in the estrual phase of the sexual cycle. Specimens were taken from 3 different areas of the ovaries, including those surrounding the corpus luteum, the graafian follicle and the medulla. From all 3 areas, mast cells were demonstrated as metachromatic staining after treatment of paraffin- embedded sections with toluidine blue and as Ab(+)/ SO(-) by the combined alcian blue/ safranine O (Ab/ SO) stain. In the electron microscopic studies, the mast cells were observed to have 2 types of granules, namely homogeneously dense granules and tiny particulate granules. All 3 regions of the ovary were observed to have higher average mast cell counts per mm 2 during the estrual phase than during the luteal phase (P < 0.001). In the estrual phase, while mast cell counts demonstrated a marked increase in the periphery of the graafian follicle, a low number of mast cells was determined in the periphery of the corpus luteum. In comparison, the medulla was demonstrated to have a much higher concentration of mast cells in the medulla than the other 2 regions of the ovarium.Öğe The structural properties of vimentin positive cells in the ileum epithelium of Angora rabbit(Ankara Univ Press, 2010) Beyaz, Feyzullah; Ergun, Emel; Ergun, Levent; Bayraktaroglu, Alev GurolThe study was projected to determine immunohistochemically vimentin positive cells by using anti-vimentin primary antibody, to eludicate ultrastructurally the morphological properties of these cells and, to examined the presence of villous M cells in villi epithelia. In this study, ten healthy, adult Angora rabbits were used as a material. It was examined the ileum with and without Peyer's patches. Immunohistochemical examination revealed the mature and immature M cells within FAE's and cup cells within epithelium of villi exibitcd the positive vimentin immunoreactivity. Electron microscopical examination revealed the mature M cells surrounded the intraepithelial lymphocytes (IEL) by a basolateral invagination. Whereas, immature M cells and cup cells were observed to be associated with one or two intraepithelial lymphocytes without such a pocketing. No villous M cells were found within epithelia of ileal villi. In conclusion, the cup cells are similar to immature M cells associated with IEL without a intraepithelial pocketing and showed a vimentin positive immunoreaction within their cytoplasms, but these cells are not villous M cells or enterocytes.Öğe Studies on the morphology, histochemistry and ultrastructure of Paneth cells in the small intestine of the Angora rabbit(Ankara Univ Press, 2009) Ergun, Emel; Ergun, Levent; Ozen, Asuman; Kurum, AytulThe present study was undertaken to determine the morphology, histochemical properties, localization and quantitative distribution of Paneth cells in the small intestine of the Angora rabbit. Tissue samples taken from the duodenum. jejunum and ileum of 10 healthy Angora rabbits, obtained from private breeders, constituted the material of the study. The Paneth cells, which were determined to be located within the crypts of Lieberkuhn, were identified on their basally located nucleus and apically located acidophilic granules. These granules gave positive reactions with Mallory's triple staining, technique as well as with the application of Phloxine-tartrazine, Alcian blue-performic acid and Mallory's phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin method. Staining with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS). Alcian blue (pH 2.5), and PAS-Alcian blue gave negative reactions. Paneth cells were determined not to display a uniform distribution throughout the small intestine and cell numbers were ascertained to show a gradual increase from the duodenum towards the ileum. The difference between the three regions of the small intestine was determined to he statistically significant (p<0.01). Electron microscopic examination revealed the presence of electron-dense and homogenous granules in the apical cytoplasm of some Paneth cells, whereas homogenous granules of different electron density existed in some other cells.
