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    Aptamer-functionalized magnetic graphene oxide nanocarrier for targeted drug delivery of paclitaxel
    (Elsevier Science Sa, 2018) Hussien, Nizamudin Awel; Isiklan, Nuran; Turk, Mustafa
    Targeted drug delivery has come out as a golden system owing to its capability to reduce side effects and increase efficacy. The application of graphene oxide (GO) based nanomaterials for targeted delivery has recently attracted several researchers because of their advantageous properties. Herein, we have attempted to prepare aptamer-conjugated magnetic graphene oxide (MGO) nanocarrier, which can specifically target tumor cells. MGO nanocarriers were prepared by attaching Fe3O4 on the layer of GO and then, aptamer (APT) was linked as a targeting moiety. Paclitaxel (PAC), an anti-cancer drug, was also loaded on the nanocarrier. PAC loading and in vitro release results revealed a very good loading performance with entrapment efficiency 95.75% and high pH-responsive release. Cellular toxicity assay showed MGO nanocarriers are biocompatible having cell viability greater than 80% for L-929 fibroblast cell line. Besides, high cytotoxic effect was observed for PAC and PAC loaded MGO (MGO@PAC) on MCF-7 cancer cells, at different drug doses. Furthermore, flow cytometry investigation reveals that the obtained nanocarrier can specifically bind to MCF-7 cancer cells. Therefore, based on the results the prepared superparamagnetic nanocarrier could be considered as a promising agent for cancer drug delivery systems. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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    Hydroxypropyl cellulose functionalized magnetite graphene oxide nanobiocomposite for chemo/photothermal therapy
    (Elsevier, 2023) Isiklan, Nuran; Hussien, Nizamudin Awel; Turk, Mustafa
    In this work, graphene oxide nanosheets (GO) are dual functionalized with Fe3O4 nanoparticles and hydrox-ypropyl cellulose (CLS) for chemo/phototherapy. The TEM, XRD, FTIR, Raman, UV, TG, DLS, and VSM analyses were used to confirm the CLS and Fe3O4 incorporated GO (CLS@mGO) nanobiocomposite structure. Function-alization of magnetite graphene oxide surface by CLS not only improved biocompatibility, colloidal stability, and entrapment efficiency for paclitaxel (PTX) but also accelerated PTX release. Under 808 nm laser light, the CLS@mGO-PTX nanobiocomposite displayed good photothermal features. The CLS@mGO-PTX nano-biocomposite exhibited high photothermal conversion efficiency (47.85%) and photo stability. The notable synergistic chemo/photothermal impacts have also been determined by the in vitro experiments in killing MCF-7 cancer cells. The results of these experiments exhibited that compared to single phototherapy and chemotherapy, chemo/phototherapy could more effectively kill cancer cells by synergetic anticancer impact. Therefore, the CLS@mGO-PTX nanobiocomposite has great potential for chemo/phototherapy.
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    Multifunctional aptamer-conjugated magnetite graphene oxide/chlorin e6 nanocomposite for combined chemo-phototherapy
    (Elsevier, 2022) Isiklan, Nuran; Hussien, Nizamudin Awel; Turk, Mustafa
    Herein, aptamer-functionalized magnetite Fe3O4@graphene oxide/photosensitizer nanocomposite was designed and prepared for chemo-photothermal/photodynamic therapies. Chlorin e6 (Ce6, as a photosensitizer) is used to conjugate with magnetite graphene oxide (Fe3O4@GO). The structure of Fe3O4@GO@Ce6 nanocomposite was characterized by using FTIR, UV, TGA, XRD, VSM and TEM methods. An antineoplastic drug, paclitaxel (Pac), was loaded onto Fe3O4@GO@Ce6 nanocomposite, forming a Fe3O4@GO@Ce6@Pac nanocomplex. The Fe3O4@GO@Ce6 nanocomposite was functionalized with aptamer (Apt) for selective killing of MCF-7 tumor cells. Fe3O4@GO@Ce6@Pac nanocomposite offers a notably enhanced tumor cell photodynamic destruction impact compared to free Ce6. It is displayed that the photothermal impact of magnetite Fe3O4@GO@Ce6 nanocomposite can be used to promote the Ce6 release when irradiated to a near-infrared laser at a low power density, further improving the photodynamic therapy efficiency on tumor cells. It is observed that the Fe3O4@GO@Ce6 nanocomposite possessed good colloidal/photo stability, biocompatibility, and high loading capacity for Pac. Furthermore, compared to the free Ce6, the Fe3O4@GO@Ce6@Apt-Pac nanocomposite display significantly enhanced photodynamic efficacy. Due to its intrinsic optical features, ultrahigh specific surface area, targeting ability, and unique physical interactions with aromatic active agents, Fe3O4@GO@Ce6@Apt-Pac is a promising new nanomaterial for medical and biological applications.
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    Pectin-conjugated magnetic graphene oxide nanohybrid as a novel drug carrier for paclitaxel delivery
    (Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Hussien, Nizamudin Awel; Isiklan, Nuran; Turk, Mustafa
    Recent studies have shown that graphene oxide (GO) drug carrier functionalized with biocompatible natural polymers lead to higher loading efficacy and better stability with diminished cellular toxicity. Pectin (PEC) is one of the polysaccharide natural polymers, which has the potential to be used for drug delivery. In this work, we have successfully developed a novel PEC-conjugated magnetic GO nanocarrier for effective delivery of paclitaxel. The structure, surface morphology and thermal stability of the nanohybrid were investigated using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and zeta-sizer. Moreover, drug loading and release performance were studied by UV-vis absorption spectra. The cytotoxicity test was also performed by MTT test using L-929 fibroblast normal cell and MCF-7 cancer lines. The prepared nanocarrier showed an improved stability with enhanced drug loading capacity. Additionally, pH-responsive release analysis of the nanohybrid illustrated higher drug release at endosomal pH of cancer cell than that of normal physiological environment. Besides, cytotoxicity test demonstrated the synthesized nanohybrid is biocompatible, having very high relative cell viability. Bearing in mind these findings, the designed multifunctional nanohybrid drug carrier will be a good candidate for cancer drug delivery.
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    Synthesis and drug delivery performance of gelatin-decorated magnetic graphene oxide nanoplatform
    (Elsevier, 2021) Isiklan, Nuran; Hussien, Nizamudin Awel; Turk, Mustafa
    In the present study, we have designed and developed gelatin-decorated magnetic graphene oxide nanoplatform (MGO@GEL) for photothermal therapy and paclitaxel delivery. The surface morphology, chemical structure, magnetic property, and thermal stability of the MGO@GEL nanosheets were investigated using TEM, AFM, FTIR, XRD, BET, VSM, and TGA methods. Paclitaxel (PAC) as a chemotherapy drug, release behavior was performed at two pH levels and showed strong pH dependence. The anticancer efficiency and biocompatibility of the nanosheets were achieved by MTT analysis using MCF-7 cancer cells with and without 808 NIR laser and L-929 fibroblast cells. Furthermore, the pH-sensitive release behavior of the nanosheets demonstrated higher PAC release at pH 5.5 than at pH 7.4. Moreover, cytotoxicity analysis illustrated the MGO@GEL nanosheets are biocompatible while MGO@GEL@PAC nanosheets exhibited high toxicity to kill MCF-7 cells, especially with NIR laser. Based on the obtained results, the developed multifunctional nanostructures may be a promising candidate for chemo-photothermal therapy and drug delivery.