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    Apoptotic and necrotic effects of carboxylated quercetin/polyethylenimine complex on HeLa cells
    (Academic Journals, 2011) Ulug, Murat; Turk, Mustafa; Oguztuzun, Serpil; Menemen, Yusuf; Kahraman, Gulten
    The effects of quercetin (Q), carboxylated quercetin (CQ) and carboxylated quercetin/polyethylenimine (CQ/PEI) complex on HeLa cell cultures were investigated. Firstly, carboxylated quercetin was acquired through hydroxyl groups of quercetin, using chloroacetic acid. The complex of CQ/PEI was acquired by electron cooperation path over polietilenimine amine groups and quercetin carboxyl groups. CQ and CQ/PEI obtained were characterised by FTIR and H-1-NMR methods. Cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay. Apoptotic and necrotic indexes were obtained by immunocytochemical staining with the M30 antibodies and double staining and double staining, respectively. It was determined that quercetin caused lower rates of necrosis and apoptosis on HeLa cells by itself, but CQ/PEI complex resulted in high levels. As a result, it was observed that transition of quercetin to HeLa via binding it to polyethylenimine increased its anticarcinogenic effects.
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    Bioengineering functional copolymers. XV. Synthesis of organoboron amide-ester branched derivatives of oligo(maleic anhydride) and their interaction with HeLa and L929 fibroblast cells
    (Inst Organic Chem And Biochem, 2011) Kahraman, Gulten; Turk, Mustafa; Rzayev, Zakir M. O.; Unsal, M. Elif; Soylemez, Ernur
    Novel bioengineering functional organoboron oligomers were synthesized by (i) amidolysis of oligo(maleic anhydride) (OMA) with 2-aminoethyldiphenylborinate (2-AEPB), (ii) esterification of organoboron oligomer (OMA-B) with alpha-hydroxy-omega-methoxypoly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) as a compatibilizer and (iii) conjugation of organoboron PEO branches (OMA-B-PEO) with folic acid as a taggering agent. Structure and composition of the synthesized oligomers were characterized by FTIR-ART and (1)H ((13)C) NMR spectroscopy, chemical and physical analysis methods. Interaction of functional oligomers and oligomer center dot center dot center dot FA complex (OMA-B-PEO-F) with HeLa and L929 fibroblast cells were investigated by using different biochemical methods such as cytotoxicity, statistical, apoptotic and necrotic cell indexes, double staining and caspase-3 immunostaining, light and fluorescence inverted microscope analyses. It was found that citotoxisity and apoptotic/necrotic effects of oligomers significantly depend on the structure and composition of studied oligomers, and increase the following raw: OMA << OMA-B < OMA-B-PEO < OMA-B-PEO-F. A folic acid complex (MA-PEG-B-F) at 400 mu g ml(-1) (2.36 mu mol ml(-1)) concentration as a therapeutic drug exhibits minimal toxcisity toward the fibroblast cells, but influential for HeLa cells.