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    Adaptation Study of the Newest Vital Sign on Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes and Healthy Adolescents in Turkish
    (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2022) Gumus, Aylin Bayindir; Keser, Alev; Siklar, Zeynep; Berberoglu, Merih
    The current study aimed to establish validity and reliability of the Newest Vital Sign (NVS) in 255 Turkish adolescents aged 11 to 18 years with and without type 1 diabetes and evaluate their health literacy with age, gender, and health status. The t values of items in the NVS were found to be statistically significant and the calculated Cronbach's alpha coefficient value indicated that the reliability is at a medium level; 7.5%, 42%, and 56.5% of adolescents had respectively inadequate, limited, and adequate health literacy. There is a negative relationship between the health literacy of adolescents with diabetes and their HbA(1c) (P < .05). This study confirms that the NVS is a valid and reliable tool for Turkish adolescents.
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    Does Saccharin Have Effects on Appetite, Energy Intake, And Serum Ghrelin? A Randomized, Controlled, Cross- Over Study in Healthy Males
    (2022) Gümüş, Ayşe Bayındır; Keser, Alev; Tunçer, Esra; Altuntaş, Tuğba; Bayram, İlknur Kepenekci
    Objective: Instead of sugar, artificial sweeteners that do not contain energy are widely used. However, contrary to popular belief, artificial sweeteners are thought to affect metabolism. Thus, purpose of this present study was to evaluate effects of saccharin on serum ghrelin, appetite, and food consumption. Methods: Nine healthy males aged 20-29 participated in the randomized, controlled, and cross-over study. Each participant received 300 ml water, and 300 ml water containing 75 grams sucrose and 240 milligrams saccharin. At baseline, 30th, 60th, 90th, 120th, and 180th min, Visual Analog Scale was applied to evaluate appetite, and blood samples were taken to analyze ghrelin. After 180th min, participants consumed ad libitum diet, and kept 24-hours dietary food intake records until the end of this day. Results: At 60th and 120th min, mean ghrelin level was higher in drinks containing only water and saccharin compared to drink containing sucrose (p=0.001, p=0.003 respectively). In addition, in 90th min following drink consumption, mean ghrelin level was higher in drink containing saccharin than sucrose test drink (p=0.001). Mean prospective food consumption and desire to eat score at 120th min after drink consumption was higher in saccharin test drink than sucrose test drink (p<0.05). Difference between energy and macronutrient intake was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Conclusions: In this study, which examined the effect of acute intake of saccharin an artificial sweetener, it is remarkable that high ghrelin levels and high scores related to appetite in some intervals after drink consumption containing saccharin. However, studies on the longer-term consumption of saccharin are needed to clarify these effects on appetite metabolism
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    Does Saccharin Have Effects on Appetite, Energy Intake, And Serum Ghrelin? A Randomized, Controlled, Cross-Over Study in Healthy Males
    (Duzce Univ, Fac Medicine, 2022) Gumus, Aylin Bayindir; Keser, Alev; Tuncer, Esra; Yildiz, Tugba Altuntas; Bayram, Ilknur Kepenekci
    Objective: Instead of sugar, artificial sweeteners that do not contain energy are widely used. However, contrary to popular belief, artificial sweeteners are thought to affect metabolism. Thus, purpose of this present study was to evaluate effects of saccharin on serum ghrelin, appetite, and food consumption. Methods: Nine healthy males aged 20-29 participated in the randomized, controlled, and cross-over study. Each participant received 300 ml water, and 300 ml water containing 75 grams sucrose and 240 milligrams saccharin. At baseline, 30th, 60th, 90th, 120th, and 180th min, Visual Analog Scale was applied to evaluate appetite, and blood samples were taken to analyze ghrelin. After 180th min, participants consumed ad libitum diet, and kept 24-hours dietary food intake records until the end of this day. Results: At 60th and 120th min, mean ghrelin level was higher in drinks containing only water and saccharin compared to drink containing sucrose (p=0.001, p=0.003 respectively). In addition, in 90th min following drink consumption, mean ghrelin level was higher in drink containing saccharin than sucrose test drink (p=0.001). Mean prospective food consumption and desire to eat score at 120th min after drink consumption was higher in saccharin test drink than sucrose test drink (p<0.05). Difference between energy and macronutrient intake was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Conclusions: In this study, which examined the effect of acute intake of saccharin an artificial sweetener, it is remarkable that high ghrelin levels and high scores related to appetite in some intervals after drink consumption containing saccharin. However, studies on the longer-term consumption of saccharin are needed to clarify these effects on appetite metabolism.
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    Effect of emotional eating and social media on nutritional behavior and obesity in university students who were receiving distance education due to the COVID-19 pandemic
    (Springer Heidelberg, 2023) Durmaz, Sevinc Eser; Keser, Alev; Tuncer, Esra
    Aim This study aimed to evaluate the effects of emotional eating and social media on nutritional behavior and obesity in university students receiving distance education during the pandemic. Subject and methods This cross-sectional study was performed with 1000 undergraduate students who were receiving distance education due to COVID-19 in Turkiye. Data were collected using an online questionnaire that included demographic information, height, body weight, eating habits, the Scale of Effects of Social Media on Eating Behavior (SESMEB), and the Emotional Eating Scale (EES). A p value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant for statistical tests. Results During the distance education period, more than half of both male and female students (61.7%; 58.2%) changed their meal pattern, 31.7% of them started to consume their main meals more regularly, and 31.2% of them began to skip their main meals. Of the participants, 52.6% spent more than 2 hours a day on social media. The female students who spend more than 2 hours a day on social media have higher SESMEB and EES scores than those who spend 2 hours or less a day (p < 0.01). The score SESMEB is positively weakly correlated with body mass index (BMI) (rho 0.132, p < 0.01) and positively moderately associated with the EES score (rho 0.334, p < 0.01). The interaction between the SESMEB and EES scores increases the risk of overweight/obesity (odds ratio (OR) 1.002, p = 0.009). Conclusion For the students who received distance education, social media affects eating behavior, BMI, and emotional eating. Additionally, these effects may increase the risk of overweight/obesity.
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    Effect of saccharin, a non-nutritive sweeteners, on insulin and blood glucose levels in healthy young men: A crossover trial
    (Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2022) Gumus, Aylin Bayindir; Keser, Alev; Tuncer, Esra; Yildiz, Tugba Altuntas; Bayram, Ilknur Kepenekci
    Background and aims: Artificial sweeteners used instead of sugar were considered as the best alternatives that have no endocrine effects. However, it has recently been suggested that artificial sweeteners may cause impaired metabolic parameters. The hypothesis of the study was there is an association between acute saccharin consumption and both glycemia and insulin response in young healthy adult men. Methods: 9 healthy adult males were included in this study. This study randomly provided participants with preloads as (a)300 ml of water, or 300 ml of water sweetened with (b)75 g of sucrose, (c)240 mg of saccharine (adjusted to the sweetness of 75 g of sucrose) 1 h before a standard breakfast. Results: Compared to mean blood glucose and serum insulin after test drinks consumption, there was only one difference between sucrose and saccharin trials in the 15th minute (117.0 +/- 18.70, 95.4 +/- 5.64 mg/dl respectively, p < 0.05). At the 60th minute, insulin secretion (0.80 +/- 0.27 pg/dl) after the sucrose trial was found significantly higher than the saccharin trial (0.53 +/- 0.09 pg/dl) and water (0.49 +/- 0.06 pg/dl) (p < 0.05). Although at all intervals (except 90th minute), the mean insulin is higher after the saccharin trial compared to the water trial, these were non-statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Consequently, it was determined that saccharin had no glycemic effect. However, for the effect on serum insulin to be clarified, the long-term effects should be investigated. (c) 2022 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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    Effects of School-Based Nutrition Education Intervention in Preschool Children and Their Teachers: An Experimental Study
    (2023) Gümüş, Ayşe Bayındır; Keser, Alev
    Objective: This study aimed to examine the effects of healthy nutrition education on eating habits and anthropometric mea- surements of preschool children and the nutritional knowledge levels of their teachers. Material and Methods: Sixty preschool children ed- ucated in a kindergarten in Ankara and 6 teachers were included in this follow-up and single-center study. Researchers applied separate questionnaires including “Food Preference Image” for children and “Nutrition Knowledge Level Scale for Adults” for their teachers. Comprehensive healthy nutrition education that had different contents was given to children and teachers. Measurements of pre-education, follow-up 1 (immediate post-intervention), and follow-up 2 (one-month post-intervention) were compared with the Paired Samples t-test, Fried- man test, Wilcoxon signed ranks test, and McNemar test.Results: The percentile of body weight and height by age of children increased (Z: -3.297; -2.524 respectively, p<0.05) in follow-up 2 compared to pre-education. Eating behaviors, food consumption, and food prefe- rences of children improved (p<0.05). Mean scores of Nutrition Know- ledge Level Scale for Adults of teachers were higher at follow-up 1 and follow-up 2 than pre-education (F=64.809; degree of freedom=2; p<0.05). Conclusion: Although the healthy nutrition education pre- sented in this study was short-term, preschool children started to eat healthier, and the nutrition attitudes of teachers improved. Comprehen- sive studies with longer follow-up intervals should be conducted with large samples and more centers to ensure that these effects are due to nu- trition education and to measure the effectiveness of the intervention.
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    Glycaemic index and glycaemic load of selected packaged vegan foods
    (Wiley, 2024) Gumus, Aylin Bayindir; Keser, Alev; Gokgoz, Murat; Gungunes, Askin
    While there are data regarding the glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) of many foods in the literature, the values for packaged vegan analogue foods have not been previously published, although processed vegan foods usually contain more carbohydrates than their animal-based counterparts. This study was carried out to determine the GI and GL values of a selection of packaged vegan foods popular in T & uuml;rkiye. To determine the GI and GL of test foods, 12 healthy volunteer females participated in the study. Participants randomly consumed test and reference foods (glucose and white bread) on each trial day, and capillary blood glucose was measured at baseline, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 and 120 mins in duplicate. The GIs of vegan schnitzel, vegan chickpea burger, vegan mince pita, vegan chocolate, vegan snack bar and vegan cheese were 26.1 +/- 19.61 (low), 27.1 +/- 17.21 (low), 65.1 +/- 28.60 (moderate), 42.7 +/- 22.32 (low), 63.6 +/- 45.86 (moderate), 36.4 +/- 16.85 (low), respectively, according to the glucose reference, and were 28.2 +/- 16.17 (low), 34.7 +/- 18.26 (low), 81.2 +/- 31.96 (high), 48.8 +/- 12.87 (low), 82.0 +/- 54.05 (high), 46.7 +/- 28.66 (low), respectively, according to the white bread reference. GLs were 3.5 +/- 2.66 (low), 8.6 +/- 5.46 (low), 26.6 +/- 11.67 (high), 6.1 +/- 3.19 (low), 14.2 +/- 10.28 (moderate), 5.7 +/- 2.63 (low), respectively, according to the glucose reference, and were 3.8 +/- 2.19 (low), 11.0 +/- 5.80 (moderate), 33.1 +/- 13.04 (high), 7.0 +/- 1.84 (low), 18.4 +/- 12.12 (moderate), 7.3 +/- 4.47 (low), respectively, according to the white bread reference. The data from this study provide preliminary data for the GIs and GLs of packaged and processed vegan foods and show that the GIs and GLs of meat and cheese vegan analogues, while still low or moderate, tend to be higher than their animal-based counterparts which have lower or no glycaemic responses. Further research on the GIs and GLs of more vegan foods is needed.
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    How does an additional insulin dose for a high-fat, high-protein breakfast affect glysemic response in adolescents with type 1 diabetes?
    (Marmara Univ, Fac Medicine, 2023) Gumus, Aylin Bayindir; Keser, Alev; Siklar, Zeynep; Berberoglu, Merih
    Objective: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the effects of an additional insulin dose for high-fat and high-protein meal on blood glucose levels in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.Patients and Methods: This study was single-center, crossover, and randomized. Seven adolescents with type 1 diabetes between the ages of 14 and 17 were given breakfast containing high-fat (45.9% energy) and high-protein (21.9% energy) for two consecutive days, and two different insulin doses were administered. According to the first application dose of carbohydrate/insulin ratio, the second application was given this dose of additional insulin up to 30% in postprandial 180th minute. Blood glucose was monitored for 360 minutes at 30-minute intervals using a continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS).Results: The average time spent in the target range (TIR) of participants was 30.6 +/- 11.83%, and time spent in hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia (time above range (TAR) and time below range (TBR)) were 67.0 +/- 14.31% and 2.4 +/- 4.89%, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between the early (0-120th min), late (120-360th min), and total (0-360th min) glycemic responses of the applications (p>0.05). According to CGMS result, mean blood glucose, glycemic variability, and absolute blood glucose difference median and mean absolute deviation (MAD%) were found to be similar after two applications (p>0.05).Conclusion: Insulin dose applications should be individually calculated to prevent delayed-prolonged postprandial hyperglycemia caused by high-fat high - protein intake in adolescents with type 1 diabetes.