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    Mill of non-neoplastic cranial complications of malignant disorders
    (Aves, 2008) Yagmurlu, Banu; Akyurek, Serap; Fitoz, Suat; Demirkazik, Ahmet
    PURPOSE To depict the well-known and atypical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of non-neoplastic central nervous system (CNS) complications of extra-CNS tumors and portray additional information from advanced techniques, such as diffusion and perfusion MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS MRI scans of 92 patients were retrospectively evaluated based on the non-neoplastic effects induced by treatment or the remote effects of the tumor itself. Patients with brain metastases and/or patients who had whole brain radiation therapy were excluded so as not to take the primary radiation effects into consideration. RESULTS Sixteen patients (9 females and 7 males; age range, 11-68 years; median age, 45 years) had positive findings other than brain metastases. Six patients had posterior reversible encephalopathies, 3 patients had chemotherapy toxicity to the white matter, and 2 patients had acute strokes involving the posterior fossa and bilateral anterior circulation territory. Three patients had bilateral radionecrosis of the temporal lobe due to radiotherapy given for the vicinal tumor (nasopharyngeal carcinoma). One patient had encephalitis in the bitemporal region and one patient had cerebellar degeneration, each of whom had a paraneoplastic syndrome. CONCLUSION One of the major and noteworthy complications of malignancies directly affecting survival is brain metastasis, but non-neoplastic complications are infrequently encountered and are thus underestimated, either due to the absence of a true diagnosis or the lack of information pertaining to the clinical outcome. It is important for the radiologist to recognize these effects so as to help the clinician develop an optimal treatment strategy and avoid irreversible complications.
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    Öğe
    Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Asperger's Syndrome: Correlations with Neuropsychological Test Scores
    (Turkiye Sinir Ve Ruh Sagligi Dernegi, 2009) Oner, Ozgur; Ozguven, Halise Devrimci; Oktem, Ferhunde; Yagmurlu, Banu; Baskak, Bora; Olmez, Senay; Munir, Kerim
    Objectives: It has been shown that autistic spectrum patients have impaired theory of mind (ToM) performance; however no study has investigated the relationship between ToM performance and brain neurochemistry in these patients. The present study aimed to investigate the correlations between dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA)/choline (Cho), NAA/creatine (Cr), and Cho/Cr values based on H-1 magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ToM tests. Method: The study sample included 13 adult, right-handed, Caucasian males with Asperger's syndrome (AS) (age range: 17-37 years) and 20 controls matched by age, gender, handedness, and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale, Revised (WAIS-R) full-scale IQ scores. Results: AS cases had significantly lower ToM performance. DLPFC NAA/Cho levels were inversely correlated to ToM scores (r = -0.738, P = 0.004). On the other hand, ToM performance improved as DLPFC Cho/Cr increased (r = 0,655, P = 0.015). ACC MRS variables were not significantly correlated with ToM performance in the AS group. No significant correlation was observed between ACC or DLPFC MRS variables and ToM performance in the control group. Discussion: Because NAA/Cho was inversely correlated with ToM performance and Cho/Cr was correlated with ToM performance, it can be suggested that the Cho level was related to better ToM test performance in the AS group. An increase in the Cho peak was associated with an increase in membrane breakdown or turnover The Cho peak was also thought to reflect cellular density and astrocytosis. It is suggested that membrane turnover and astrocytosis might affect cognitive functioning.