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Candida türlerinin tanımlanmasında "API ID 32C" ve "Rapid Yeast Plus" sistemlerinin karşılaştırılması
(2006) Kaçmaz, Birgül; Sipahi, Ayşe Bilge; Aksoy, Altan
Çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen 100 Candida suşunun tür düzeyinde tanımlanmasında Rapid Yeast Plus (RYP) (Remel Inc., Lenexa, KS, ABD) sisteminin sonuçları ile standart yöntem olarak API ID 32C (bioMerieux, Fransa) sisteminin sonuçları karşılaştırılmıştır. API ID 32C sistemi ve RYP sistemi ile 92 suş aynı tür olarak tanımlanırken, altı suş farklı isimlendirilmiş, iki suş RYP sistemi ile tanımlanamamıştır. API ID 32C sistemine göre RYP sistemi ile farklı isimlendirilen ve isimlendirilemeyen suşların infeksiyon etkeni olarak nadiren saptanan izolatlar olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç olarak infeksiyon etkeni olarak sık izole edilen Candida türlerinin tanımlanmasında, dört saat gibi kısa sürede sonuca ulaşılabileceği için RYP sisteminin kullanılmasının uygun olduğu söylenebilir. Bu sistemle güvenilir sonuca ulaşabilmek için üretici firmanın önerileri doğrultusunda uygun bulanıklıkta inokulum hazırlanması ve inkübasyon sonrası oluşan renk değişikliklerinin değerlendirilmesinde dikkatli olunması gerektiği vurgulanmalıdır. Bunlara rağmen tanımlanamayan suşlarda ise ek bir sistemin kullanılması uygun olabilir.
Hastane kaynaklı infeksiyonlardan izole edilen Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae ve Klebsiella oxytoca türlerinde genişletilmiş spektrumlu beta-laktamaz saptanması
(2005) Kaçmaz, Birgül; Çakır, Özenç Fazilet; Aksoy, Altan
Çeşitli klinik örneklerden hastane infeksiyon etkeni olarak izole edilen Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae ve Klebsiella oxytoca türlerinde genişletilmiş spektrumlu beta-laktamaz (GSBL) varlığı araştırılmıştır. GSBL üretimini saptamak için çift disk sinerji (ÇDS), disk difüzyon tarama vefenotipik doğrulama testleri kullanılmıştır. Fenotipik doğrulama testine göre diğer iki testin duyarlılık, özgüllük ve teşhis doğrulukları değerlendirilmiştir. incelenen bakterilerde % 66 oranında GSBL üretimi saptanmıştır. E.coli ve K.oxytoca'ya göre K.pneumoniae izolatlarında daha yüksek oranda GSBL üretimi bulunmuştur. ÇDS testinin duyarlılık, özgüllük ve teşhis doğrulukları sırasıyla % 82, % 85 ve % 83 oranında tespit edilmiştir. 1997'de yayınlanan NCCLS disk difüzyon değerlendirme kriterlerinin 1997'den önce yayınlanan kriterlere göre GSBL üretimini göstermede daha duyarlı olduğu saptanmıştır. En duyarlı indikatör antibiyotiğin seftazidim olduğu gösterilmiştir. Bununla birlikte disk difüzyon tarama testinde en az iki geniş spektrumlu beta-laktam kullanılmasıyla yanlış negatiflik oranlarının azalacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.
Gebelerde asemptomatik bakteriüri araştırması
(2004) Kaçmaz, Birgül; Çakır, Fazilet Özenç; Aksoy, Altan; Biri, Asyalı Aydan
Çalışmada, herhangi bir üriner sistem şikayeti olmayan 216 gebe ve kontrol grubu olarak seçilen 60 sağlıklı kadın asemptomatik bakteriüri (ASB) yönünden araştırılmıştır. Gebeler arasında ASB sıklığı, bu sıklığın riskfaktörleriyle ilişkisi ve bakteriüriye neden olan mikroorganizmalar değerlendirilmiştir. Gebe ve kontrol grubu kadınlardan alınan orta akım idrar örneklerinin aseptik koşullar altında kültürleri yapılmıştır. Her iki grupta da aynı oranda (% 3) ASB saptanmış, gruplar arasında fark gözlenmemiştir (p>0.05). Gebelerde ASB sıklığının diğer riskfaktörleriyle (yaş, gebelik sayısı, gebelik süresi) ilişkisinde de anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır (p>0.05). Fakat gebelerde geçirilmiş üriner sistem infeksiyon (ÜSİ) öyküsü ile ASB görülme sıklığı arasında anlamlı ilişki gözlenmiştir (p<0.001). ASB saptanan yedi gebenin idrar kültüründe dördünden Escherichia coli, ikisinden Klebsiella pneumoniae ve birinden de Enterococcus faecalis izole edilmiştir. Uygun antibiyotiklerle tedavi edilen gebelerin idrarları gebelik süresince steril kalmıştır. Sonuç olarak yan etkilerinden dolayı gebelik sırasında ASB araştırılmalı, saptanan olgular tedavi edilmeli ve geçirilmiş ÜSİ öyküsü olan gebelerin ASB için daha yüksek risk altında olduğu düşünülmelidir.
Solunum yolu infeksiyonlarında atipik etkenlerin araştırılması
(2001) Kaygusuz, Sedat; Köksal, İftihar; Kostakoğlu, Uğur; Kaya, Selçuk; Bayraktar, Özlem
Bu prospektif çalışmada, yaklaşık 1 yıllık bir sürede (Ocak 1999-Mayıs 2000) solunum yolu infeksiyonlarının etyolojik tanısı için 7 viral ve 3 atipik bakteriye ait antijenler immünfloresan yöntemle araştırılmıştır. Solunum yolu infeksiyonu semptomu olan pediatrik (grup l, 76 olgu) ve erişkin (grup II, 135 olgu) yaş grubundaki hastalarda, solunum yolu sekresyonları elde edilmiştir. Etyolojik tanı; pediatrik olgularda %45.4, erişkin olgularda ise %67.3 oranında konulmuştur. Grup l ve grup ll'de sırasıyla; Chlamydia pneumoniae %17.8, %13.3; Mycoplasma pneumoniae %0, %9.6; influenza A virüsü %3.9, %16.3; adenovirüs %3.9, %14.8; parainfluenza virüs tip 1 %5.3, %7.4; respiratuar sinsityal virüs %9.2, %1.5; parainfluenza virüs tip 2 %3.9, %3.0 ve influenza B virüs %1.3, %1.5 oranlarında tespit edilmiştir. Hastaların %2.6 ve %3.9'unda birden fazla etken bulunurken, parainfluenza virüs tip 3 ile Legionella pneumophila'ya ait antijen tespit edilmemiştir. Kullanılan immünfloresan yöntemin etyolojik tanıya katkısı ve sonuçların rasyonel antibiyotik kullanımına etkisi tartışılmıştır.
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi polikliniklerine son dört yılda başvuran kişilerde Brucella antikor seroprevalansının retrospektif olarak değerlendirilmesi
(2003) Apan, Teoman Z.; Aksoy, Altan; Yıldırım, Ayşenur
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Hastanesi Polikliniklerine herhangi bir sebeple başvuran kişilerde Brucella antikor seroprevalansını retrospektif olarak tespit etmektir. Araştırmaya, Kırıkkale Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Polikliniklerine baş vuran 1-80 yaş arasında toplam 938 kişi dahil edilmiştir. Araştırma, Haziran 1998 -Şubat 2002 tarihleri arasında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Brusella antikorlarının tespiti için başvuran kişilerden alınan kan örneklerine Rose-Bengal Plate Testi (RBPT) ve Standart Tüp Aglütinasyon Testi (SAT) uygulanmıştır. RBPT ile %4.37 (41 kişi) ve SAT ile % 4.26 (40 kişi) oranında pozitiflik saptanmıştır. RBPT pozitifliği erkeklerde % 1.92 ve kadınlarda % 2.45, SAT pozitifliği ise erkeklerde % 1.81 ve kadınlarda % 2.45 olarak bulunmuştur. Her iki yöntemle elde edilen sonuçlar arasında istatistiksel açıdan bir fark bulunamamıştır. RBPT ve SAT yöntemi kolay uygulanabilmesi nedeniyle hastaların takibi açısından kullanışlı testlerdir.
İdrar örneklerinin değerlendirilmesinde yeni bir skorlama yöntemi
(2011) Şahin, Esra; Yürüken, Zehra; Alanbayı, Ümit; Çınar, Tuba; Göçmen, Jülide Sedef
Amaç: Üriner sistem infeksiyonlarında (ÜSİ) kültür yapmadan önce yol gösterici olabilecek bir skorlama yöntemi bulunması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntemler: Laboratuvarımıza gönderilen 550 hastadan alınan idrar örnekleri standard kültür yöntemiyle ekildi. İdrarın mikroskopik incelenmesiyle pyüri ve bakteriüri değerlendirildi. Lökosit esteraz (LE) ve nitrit testi için Combur 10-Test® M 100 (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Almanya) kullanıldı. İdrar örneklerini getiren hastaların semptomları sorgulandı. Bulgular: Olguların 68 (%12.4)’inde üreme oldu, 24 (%4.4)’ünde kontaminasyon saptandı ve 458 (%83.3)’inde üreme olmadı. Yaptığımız çalışmada beşli (semptom, Thoma lamı, Gram boyaması, LE, nitrit), dörtlü (semptom, Gram boyaması, LE, nitrit) ve üçlü (semptom, Gram boyaması, nitrit) parametreleri inceledik. Üçlü parametrede 2 ve üzeri puan alan toplam 38 hastanın hepsinde üreme oldu. Buna göre semptom, Gram boyaması ve nitritin en az ikisinin pozitif olduğu durumlarda skorlama yöntemimizin duyarlılığı %100’dü. Sonuçlar: Kültür, ÜSİ tanısında altın standard yöntem olmakla birlikte, idrar kültürü istenmeden önce ön tanı konulmasında ve ampirik tedavi başlanmasında bu üçlü parametre yol gösterici olabilir.
Five-Years Tigecycline Experience an Analysis of Real-Life Data
(2018) Temoçin, Fatih; Tülek, Necla Eren; Hekimoğlu, Şirin; Ilgar, Tuba; Bulut, Cemal; Erdinç, Fatma Şebnem; Ertem, Günay Tuncer
Aim: Tigecycline has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal infections, skin and soft tissue infections and community-acquired pneumonia. In our study, we examined the efficacy of tigecycline in clinical practice and reported real life data from our hospital over a period of five years. Methods: The study was conducted between 2008 and 2013 on patients who received tigecycline for longer than 48 hours in Ankara Training and Research Hospital. Clinical success was defined as clinical recovery and microbiological cure in patients who used tigecycline. Any reason for discontinuation of tigecycline treatment was considered a clinical failure. Results: In our hospital, 320 patients were administered tigecycline between 2008 and 2013. Tigecycline was mainly used for pneumonia and skin and soft tissue infections. Tigecycline was used as monotherapy in 174 patients (54.1%). The most frequently isolated agent in tigecycline-treated patients was Acinetobacter baumannii (43.4%) followed by Enterococcus (6.9%). A change in treatment was not considered necessary in 243 (75.9%) patients who received tigecycline, while it was changed in 77 patients (24.1%). Conclusion: In conclusion, the use of tigecycline can be an effective treatment choice, either as monotherapy or as a combination antibiotic therapy.
Minimum inhibitory concentration values and problematic disk break points of tigecycline against vancomycin and/or high-level aminoglycoside-resistant enterococci
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2016) Iseri, Latife; Sahin, Esra; Dolapci, Istar; Yuruken, Zehra
Background: Tigecycline is a new, semisynthetic glycylcycline. It is active against important multidrug resistant pathogens. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the sensitivity of multidrug-resistant enterococci to tigecycline, and to test the correlation between the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and disk diffusion methods. Materials and methods: The antimicrobial sensitivity of 108 multidrug-resistant isolates, which included 52 vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and 56 high-level aminoglycoside-resistant (HLAR) enterococci, was tested by the E test, broth microdilution test and disk diffusion methods. Results: All of the isolates were sensitive to tigecycline, as determined by the E test and broth microdilution test. The MIC 90 value (0.19 mu g/mL) of tigecycline for HLAR enterococci was higher than that for VRE (0.094 mu g/mL). When results were evaluated according to species, the MIC values of tigecycline for Enterococcus faecalis were higher than those for the other species. Eleven (10.1%) isolates produced false resistance results (zone diameter 615 mm) by the disk diffusion method. These cases were classified as major errors. Eight (7.4%) isolates had intermediate sensitivity (sensitivity zone of 16 or 17 mm), which were classified as minor errors. The major and minor error percentages of HLAR enterococci (14.2% major, 10.7% minor error) were higher than those of VRE (5.7% major, 3.8% minor error). These results indicate that tigecycline is effective against multidrug-resistant enterococci. The sensitivity of multidrug-resistant enterococci to tigecycline should be investigated by MIC methods. The disk diffusion method causes major errors, especially for HLAR enterococci. (C) 2015 The Authors. Alexandria University Faculty of Medicine. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.
In vitro antimicrobial activity of commonly used vasoactive drugs
(Elsevier Science Inc, 2016) Apan, Ozgun Cuvas; Apan, Teoman Zafer; Apan, Alparslan
Study Objective: Microbial contamination during preparation of the infusion drugs is an important issue in intensive care units. Objective of this study was to investigate in vitro antimicrobial properties of commonly used vasoactive drugs. Design: Prospective study. Setting: Clinical microbiology laboratory of a university hospital. Measurements: Growth of the microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Candida albicans in saline dilutions of adrenaline at 1, 10, and 100 mu g/mL; noradrenaline at 1, 10, and 100 mu g/mL; and dopamine at 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/mL concentrations was investigated. Each drug solution and saline were analyzed with a digital pH meter. Main Results: Saline dilutions of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine at clinically used concentrations decreased microbial growth. The highest concentration doses of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine used in the study had significant antimicrobial effect when compared to the low and moderate doses. This effect was shown with the all microorganisms. S aureus, S epidermidis, and C albicans were more sensitive; on the other hand, E coli and P aeruginosa were more resistant against the effect of the drug dilutions. Conclusions: To limit microbial growth in case of contamination of the drug solution, it is advisable to use more concentrated dilutions of adrenaline, noradrenaline, and dopamine used in clinical practice. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Is it Subungual Melanoma? Fungal Melanonychia due to Phoma Glomerata
(Cukurova Univ, Fac Medicine, 2015) Sari, Elif; Iseri, Latife; Kocak, Mukadder; Yildiz, Dilara
A 32-years-old female patient referred to our clinic with melanotic color change at her right thumb nail. It was suspected from subungual melanoma. Therefore a full thickness biopsy and an excavation example was taken from the nail for the histologic and microbiologic examination. The lesion was reported as fungal melanonychia which was occured by Phoma Glomerata. As far as we know this is the first case that occured by Phoma Glomerata. Also the case could be misdiagnosed as subungual melanoma. Therefore we aimed to share this case with our colleagues.
Is there a relationship between Parkinsons disease and Chlamydia pneumoniae
(Medknow Publications & Media Pvt Ltd, 2015) Turkel, Y.; Dag, E.; Gunes, H. N.; Apan, T.; Yoldas, T. K.
Objectives: The aim was to investigate a possible relationship between Chlamydia pneumoniae and Parkinsons disease (PD). Study Design: Serum samples obtained from a cohort of 51 patients with PD and from 37 age- and sex-matched controls were assessed for the presence of antibodies. The control group was selected from healthy people. In both groups, 5 mL of blood was taken and after centrifugation frozen at -80 degrees C. Presence and concentration for C. pneumoniae IgM and IgG were determined by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence (IFA), using C. pneumoniae IgG and IgM kit (Euroimmun, Germany). Results: Chlamydia pneumoniae IgG was positive in 50 (98%) patients in ELISA study. C. pneumoniae IgG was positive in 34 (92%) control subjects in ELISA study. C. pneumoniae IgG positivity in patients was slightly higher, but the difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.17). No statistically significant difference was found between the patient and the control groups in IFA study (P >= 0.5). C. pneumoniae IgM results (both ELISA and IFA study) was negative in the both PD group and control group.
Microalbuminuria in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
(Springer Heidelberg, 2015) Bulcun, Emel; Ekici, Mehmet; Ekici, Aydanur; Çimen, Dilay Ahat; Kısa, Üçler
Objectives Microalbuminuria is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Microalbuminuria may be seen due to intermittent hypoxemia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). In this study, we investigated the prevalence and relationship of microalbuminuria with clinical and physiological parameters in patients with OSAS. Method Ninety-eight patients with OSAS and 26 nonapneic snoring subjects upon polysomnography were included in this study. The urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) was calculated according to a previously described formula. The severity index of chronic diseases was evaluated by using the modified cumulative illness rating scale (MCIRS). Insulin resistance (IR) method was analyzed by homeostasis assessment model (HOMA-IR). Subjective sleepiness was assessed using the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS). Results Body mass index (BMI), MCIRS, and UACR were higher in patients with OSAS than nonapneic snoring subjects. In linear regression model, there was a negative relationship between UACR and minimal O-2, and there was a significantly positive relationship between UACR and desaturation index. Conclusion Microalbuminuria may be seen in patients with OSAS, depending on the severity of disease and hypoxemia. Microalbuminuria in patients with OSAS should be examined in regular periods for risk of cardiovascular morbidity or mortality.
Drug resistance profiles and clonality of sporadic Shigella sonnei isolates in Ankara, Turkey
(Soc Brasileira Microbiologia, 2014) Kacmaz, Birgul; Unaldi, Ozlem; Sultan, Nedim; Durmaz, Riza
The aims of this study were to investigate drug resistance rates, types of extended spectrum beta lactamases (ESBLs), and molecular epidemiological characteristics of 43 Shigella sonnei isolates. Ampicillin-sulbactam, amoxicillin-clavulanate, chloramphenicol, and ciprofloxacin were the most active antibiotics. Five isolates harbored bla(SHV-12), bla(TEM-1) and bla(CTX-M-15). More than 90% of the isolates had an indistinguishable pulsotype.
Monitoring Genetic Diversity of Influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 Virus Circulating during the Post-Pandemic Period in Turkey
(Natl Inst Infectious Diseases, 2013) Guldemir, Dilek; Kalaycioglu, Atila T.; Altas, A. Basak; Korukluoglu, Gulay; Durmaz, Riza
The aimes of the present study were to monitor genetic alterations in the hemagglutin (HA) gene and oseltamivir resistance-related alterations in the neuraminidase (NA) gene of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viral isolates detected during the post-pandemic period in Turkey. A total of 2601 clinical specimens obtained from suspected cases of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 viral infections were analyzed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Viral RNA was detected in 233 (9%) clinical specimens. Sequence analysis of the HA gene in 16 random isolates showed >98.7% homology among each other and with the A/California/07/2009 vaccine strain. These 16 isolates had common (75%-100%) amino acid substitiutions at positions P83S, D97N, S203T, R205K, I216V, V249L, I321V, and E374K in the HA gene. In addition, two additional rare mutations were also observed at positions S162N (addition of a glycosylation site, 6.25%) and A186T (receptor binding region, 6.25%). On the basis of amino acid substitutions in the HA1 domain, majority of the Turkish isolates were classified in the genetic group v and others in the genetic groups ii, iii, and vi. In the present study, we observed an increase in the variety and ratio of mutations detected in the HA1. and HA2 domains of the HA gene; however, these alterations have not yet resulted in vaccine escape mutants in Turkey. In addition, analysis of the NA regions of the isolates revealed that oseltamivir resistance was not an issue in Turkey.
Molecular Characterization of Measles Viruses in Turkey (2010-2011): First Report of Genotype D9 Involved in an Outbreak in 2011
(Wiley, 2013) Kalaycioglu, Atila T.; Baykal, Atakan; Guldemir, Dilek; Bakkaloglu, Zekiye; Korukluoglu, Gulay; Coskun, Aslihan; Durmaz, Riza
Genetic characterization of measles viruses (MVs) combined with acquisition of epidemiologic information is essential for measles surveillance programs used in determining transmission pathways. This study describes the molecular characterization of 26 MV strains (3 from 2010, 23 from 2011) obtained from urine or throat swabs harvested from patients in Turkey. MV RNA samples (n=26) were subjected to sequence analysis of 450 nucleotides comprising the most variable C-terminal region of the nucleoprotein (N) gene. Phylogenetic analysis revealed 20 strains from 2011 belonged to genotype D9, 3 to D4, 2 strains from 2010 to genotype D4 and 1 to genotype B3. This study represents the first report describing the involvement of MV genotype D9 in an outbreak in Turkey. The sequence of the majority of genotype D9 strains was identical to those identified in Russia, Malaysia, Japan, and the UK. Despite lack of sufficient epidemiologic information, the presence of variants observed following phylogenetic analysis suggested that exposure to genotype D9 might have occurred due to importation more than once. Phylogenetic analysis of five genotype D4 strains revealed the presence of four variants. Epidemiological information and phylogenetic analysis suggested that three genotype D4 strains and one genotype B3 strain were associated with importation. This study suggests the presence of pockets of unimmunized individuals making Turkey susceptible to outbreaks. Continuing molecular surveillance of measles strains in Turkey is essential as a means of acquiring epidemiologic information to define viral transmission patterns and determine the effectiveness of measles vaccination programs designed to eliminate this virus. J. Med. Virol. 85:2128-2135, 2013. (c) 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Molecular epidemiology of the Bacillus anthracis isolates collected throughout Turkey from 1983 to 2011
(Springer, 2012) Durmaz, R.; Doganay, M.; Sahin, M.; Percin, D.; Karahocagil, M. K.; Kayabas, U.; Ertek, M.
The main perspective of this study was to determine cross-transmissions amongst anthrax cases and provide detailed information regarding the genotypes of Bacillus anthracis isolates circulating in Turkey. A total of 251 B. anthracis isolates were obtained from human (93 isolates), animal (155 isolates), and environmental (three isolates) samples in various provinces of Turkey. All isolates were susceptible to quinolones, vancomycin, tigecycline, and linezolid, but not to ceftriaxone. Excluding human isolates, one of the animal isolates was found to be resistant to penicillin, erythromycin, and doxycycline. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeats analysis including 8 loci (MLVA8) revealed 12 genotypes, in which genotype 43 was observed at the highest frequency (41.8 %), followed by genotype 35 (25.5 %) and genotype 27 (10.4 %). Major subtype A3.a was the predominant cluster, including 86.8 % of the isolates. The MLVA25 analysis for the 251 isolates yielded 62 different genotypes, 33 of which had only one isolate, while the remaining 29 genotypes had 2 to 43 isolates, with a total of 218 isolates (86.9 %). These findings indicate very high cross-transmission rates within anthrax cases in Turkey. The genotypes diagnosed in Turkey are populated in the A major cluster. Penicillin prescribed as the first-choice antibiotic for the treatment of anthrax is still effective.
One-Step Multiplex PCR Assay for Detecting Streptococcus pneumoniae Serogroups/Types Covered by 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13)
(Public Library Science, 2012) Coskun-Ari, Fatma Filiz; Guldemir, Dilek; Durmaz, Riza
The life-threatening illnesses caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae have been declined significantly after the use of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines. Continuous monitoring of the vaccine serogroups/types is necessary to follow the changing epidemiology of invasive pneumococcal diseases. Recently, the sequential multiplex PCR approach, which uses several different sets of reactions, has been commonly adopted for determining capsular serogroups/types of S. pneumoniae isolates. In our study, we focused on development of a one-step multiplex PCR assay detecting all 1, 3, 4, 5, 6A/B, 7F, 9V, 14, 18C, 19A, 19F and 23F serogroups/types targeted by PCV13. The content of multiplex PCR mix and the cycling conditions were optimized in a manner that allowed rapid and accurate serotyping of a pneumococcal isolate by performing only a single amplification reaction. In our study of 182 clinical isolates, the one-step multiplex PCR assay exhibited 100% sensitivity and specificity, suggesting that its utilization can significantly reduce the use of traditional antiserum method requiring expensive reagents. Citation: Coskun-Ari FF, Guldemir D, Durmaz R (2012) One-Step Multiplex PCR Assay for Detecting Streptococcus pneumoniae Serogroups/Types Covered by 13-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13). PLoS ONE 7(12): e50406. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0050406
The Prevalence of Enterotoxigenic E. Coli Isolated from the Stools of Children Aged 0-10 Years with Diarrhea in Mid-Anatolia Region, Turkey
(Springer, 2011) Iseri, Latife; Apan, Teoman Zafer; Aksoy, Altan; Koc, Figen; Gocmen, Julide Sedef; Nuristani, Diba
The stool samples from 245 patients with diarrhea were tested for heat labile toxin (LT) and heat stable toxins (ST) by passive latex agglutination and enzyme immunoassay methods respectively. Twelve (4.9%) enterotoxigenic E. Coli ETEC strains were isolated. Five strains (2%) expressed ST, and 7 (2.8%) expressed LT.
Molecular characterization of rotaviruses in mid-western Turkey, 2006-2007
(Versita, 2010) Altındiş, Mustafa; Banyai, Krisztian; Kalayci, Raike; Gülamber, Cihangir; Köken, Resit; Apan, Teoman; Aykurt, Pınar
Vaccines against rotaviruses are now available in numerous countries, including Turkey. As the vaccines may show various efficiencies against different type specificities and routine vaccination in infants might result in selection and immune escape of wild-type rotavirus strains, strain surveillance has been initiated before and during the vaccine introduction. We aimed to provide corresponding information on local strain prevalence in Anatolia, mid-western Turkey during the introduction of rotavirus vaccines. Stool samples positive for group A rotavirus by commercial enzyme immunoassay were subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction based genotyping of the outer capsid antigens, VP7 and VP4, determining G and P type specificities respectively. Among 36 fully and 5 partially typeable strains we detected genotype G1, G2, and G9 VP7 specificities and genotype P[4], P[6] and P[8] VP4 specificities in 5 individual and 4 mixed combinations. The most common strain was G2P[4] (n=17), followed by G9P[8] (n=9). Other strains were G1P[8] (n=2), G2P[8] (n=2), G1+2P[8] (n=2), G9P[4] (n=1), G2+9P[8] (n=1), G4+9P[6] (n=1), and G2P[4+8] (n=1). Partially typed strains included 2 G1P[NT] and 3 G2P[NT] strains. Our data may help determine a baseline of the rotavirus genotype prevalence in Turkey and see if changes in the incidence of individual strains will be observed after routine use of vaccine.
In vitro antibacterial activity of some systemic and topical antihistaminic preparations
(Canadian Soc Clinical Investigation, 2009) Göçmen, Julide Sedef; Büyükkoçak, Ünase; Çağlayan, Osman
Purpose: In vitro antibacterial activity of topical and systemic antihistaminic preparations containing different active substrates against the standard strains of two bacteria was evaluated. Methods: Four topical and 3 systemic preparations containing pheniramine maleate, chlorophenoxamine hydrochloride, and diphenhydramine hydrochloride were studied. The antibacterial activities of these preparations against strains of S. aureus (American Type Culture Collection, ATCC 29213) and S. epidermidis (ATCC 25212) were tested using the disc diffusion method. In addition, the Minimal Innhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of parenteral preparations for these two bacteria were determined. Results: Pheniramine maleate-topical and pheniramine maleate-systemic had no activity against bacteria, but the others showed various rates of activity. Chlorophenoxamine hydrochloride-topical and chlorophenoxamine hydrochloride-systemic were the most effective (P < 0.05). Despite the same active substrate content, diphenhydramine hydrochloride-topical-1 and diphenhydramine hydrochloride-topical-2 yielded different results when they were compared with each other or with the other preparations. Diphenhydramine hydrochloride-topical-2 had a relatively higher rate of activity than diphenhydramine hydrochloride-topical-1. Inhibition zone diameters were 16.9 +/- 1.5 mm 12.3 +/- 0.5 mm for S. aureus, 17.4 +/- 1.0 mm 0 mm for S. epidermidis respectively (P < 0.05). MIC values of parenteral preparations were equal to or above 125 mu g/ml. Conclusion:, MIC values of parenteral preparations were higher than their blood levels in clinical use. Thus, effects of parenteral preparations may not have been reflected in routine clinical practice. However, topical forms have antibacterial activity due to additive substrates and the use of high concentration levels at the site of application. Therefore, in selection of topical forms for appropriate cases, these effects should also be taken into consideration. The antibacterial activity of topical antihistaminic preparations may be useful in certain dermatological pathology.

Güncel Gönderiler