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Cafeteria diet can cause systemic inflammation and oxidative damage in the various tissues
(Ios Press, 2024) Tursun, Serkan; Şahin, Yaşar; Alcigir, Mehmet Eray; Çınar, Miyase; Karahan, İrfan
BACKGROUND: Cafeteria diet (CAF) is a succesful tool for establishing animal obesity model. This study purposed to show immunoexpression and oxidant-antioxidant status in the various organ tissues of Wistar rats fed CAF. METHODS: Two groups (six rats per group) of Wistar albino rats were fed CAF and standard chow (control) diets for eight weeks. After experimental procedure, the animals were sacrificed. Intestine, stomach, liver, kidney, spleen, heart, lung, and pancreas tissues were sent to Pathology Department and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-kappa B) and cannabinoid receptor-1 (CB-1) immunoexpressions were assessed. Also, plasma liver function tests and lipid levels were measured total oxidant capacity (TOC) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were evaluated in both plasma and liver tissue. RESULTS: The immunoexpressions of NF-kappa B, iNOS and CB-1 were higher in the experiment group for all tissues. TOC was significantly higher in the experiment group, for both plasma and liver tissue (p < 0.001 and p = 0.02). TAC was higher in the experiment group's plasma measurement (p = 0.02), while there was no difference in the liver tissue between experiment and control groups (p = 0.11). CONCLUSION: CAF-induced obesity may be related to increased immunoexpression and oxidative damage in the various organs. Systemic problems should be considered and these phenomenon should be studied more comprehensively.
Necroptosis mediated by receptor interacting protein kinase 3 as critical players in experimental congenital hypothyroidism related neuronal damage
(Kare Publ, 2021) Duman, Gülhan; Alçığır, Mehmet Eray; Yavuz, Hayrettin
OBJECTIVE: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is literally described as congenital thyroid hormone imperfection. The primary objective of this research was to reveal the possible relation between receptor-acting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) activity and neuronal damages in rat pups with CH. In addition, we evaluated the favorable impacts of 3.6-dibromo-alpha-([phenylamino] methyl)-9H-carbazole-9-ethanol (P7C3) reducing RIPK3 activity. METHODS: Adult rats were accordingly assigned into four groups: Group 1, which is called congenital hypothyroid; Group 2, which is called congenital hypothyroid administered P7C3; Group 3, called CH administered P7C3 and L-thyroxine; and Group 4, control group. RIPK3 level in plasma concentration and its expression in tissue was determined in all groups. RESULTS: Increased RIPK3 expressions were detected as high in the CH group when it is compared to the control group. Furthermore; the expressions in neuronal cytoplasm were found similar among Groups II and III. RIPK3 expressions in those two groups were relatively higher than in the control group. Most reacted parts of the brain were especially Purkinje cells in the cerebellum. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that there is excellent parallelism among damaged neurons and high RIPK3 activity in CH pathogenesis. P7C3 compounds may have a safeguarding impact on CH due to decreasing RIPK3 activity.
Seasonal Gene Expression Profile Responsible for Hair Follicle Development in Angora Goats
(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2023) Kul, Bengi Çınar; Bilgen, Nuket; Biskin, Merve; Akkurt, Mustafa Yenal; Çıldır, Özge Şebnem; Özmen, Özge; Kul, Oğuz
Mammals have physiological reprogramming adaptation ability to changing seasonal light and temperature, through their biological clocks maintained by circadian rhythm, photoperiodism and thermoperiodism. Seasonal differences do not only affect vital activities of animals like migration, reproduction, and sleeping, but also cause dramatic changes in their economically important characteristics (e.g. fur quality and fattening level). Mohair is constituted of non-medullary hairs produced by secondary hair follicles in Angora goats and the effects of seasonal differences on mohair structure and related genes are still unknown. We examined the gene expression levels of BMP-2, FGF-5, HOXC13, KAP9.2 and TGFBR2 normalized with GAPDH in skin biopsies taken from Angora goats (n=20) in two different follicle development stages; telogen (in February) and anagen (in June). HOXC13 showed overexpression in anagen phase (P<0.005) whereas expression was undetectable in telogen phase. BMP-2 (P<0.005), FGF-5 (P<0.005) and TGFBR2 (P<0.01) were significantly upregulated in anagen, while KAP9.2 expression showed no difference between two phases. This is the first study on hair follicle-related genes in the angora goat. Additionally, depending the role of HOXC13 in pathways, it suggests that its overexpression may be one of the main factors associated with the non-medullary hair structure in Angora goats.
Prophylactic and therapeutic effects of (6)-shogaol on alveolar bone loss in experimental periodontitis
(Istanbul Univ Press, Istanbul Univ Rectorate, 2024) Bezirci, Didem; Hendek, Meltem Karsiyaka; Özcan, Gönen; Kul, Oğuz; Anteplioğlu, Tuğçe; Olgun, Ebru
Purpose (6)-Shogaol is the most prevalent bioactive compound in ginger. The aim of this study was to examine both the prophylactic and therapeutic effects of (6)-shogaol in an experimental periodontitis model. Materials and Methods Thirty-five male Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups. In the healthy group (n=5), no intervention was undertaken. In the periodontitis group (n=10), periodontitis was induced by ligature placement for 14 days. In the prophylaxis group (n=10), periodontitis was induced with ligature placement for 14 days, and during this time, 20 mg/kg/day of (6)-shogaol was administered via oral gavage. In the therapeutic group (n=10), periodontitis was induced with ligature placement for 14 days, and following the removal of the ligature, 20 mg/kg/day of (6)-shogaol was administered via oral gavage for 14 days. Alveolar bone loss was histometrically measured, and malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GP), nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa B ligand (RANKL), and osteoprotegerin (OPG) were immunohistochemically analyzed. Results Alveolar bone loss was significantly lower in the healthy group than in the remaining groups, as well as in the therapeutic group than in the periodontitis group (p<0.001). RANKL/OPG was significantly higher in the periodontitis group compared to the remaining groups and in the prophylaxis group compared to the therapeutic group (p<0.001). MDA was significantly lower in the healthy group than in the remaining groups (p<0.001). SOD was significantly lower in the periodontitis group than in the prophylaxis and therapeutic groups (p=0.039 and p=0.042, respectively). GP was significantly lower in the healthy group than in the prophylaxis and therapeutic groups (p=0.031 and p=0.002, respectively). Conclusion The administration of (6)-shogaol modulated the RANKL/OPG balance and antioxidant status in rats with ligature-induced periodontitis.
Evaluation of tumor-suppressive properties and apoptotic functions of Mad Honey and Vincristine applications in a rat model of breast cancer
(Ankara Univ, 2024) Kurtdede, Efe; Alçığır, Mehmet Eray; Alperen, Ahmet Mahmut; Baran, Berk; Kuzu, Necat; Gülendağ, Erman
In this study, the suppressive effects of vincristine and Turkish mad honey alone and in co-applications were biochemically, hematologically, and histopathologically investigated in a mammary tumor model induced with 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in rats. A total of 72 rats, 43-49 days old, were divided into 6 groups of 12 rats each. The control group (CG) consisted of healthy rats. The vehicle group (VG) received only vehicle substance and the cancer control group (CCG) was given only DMBA. DMBA and the honey group (HG) given group. DMBA and the vincristine (VinG) given group, and DMBA, the vincristine-honey group (VHG) received both Turkish mad honey and vincristine. Turkish mad honey and/or vincristine was given in the last 4 weeks of the 13-week trial period. White blood cell and lymphocyte counts differed significantly in the CCG and VG groups. Alanine transaminase and total protein levels were higher in the CCG and VinG groups. Aspartate transaminase was higher in the CCG, HG and VG groups. Caspase-3 and Bax protein levels were in the HG and VHG groups significantly higher than CCG. In caspase-8 protein level VHG significantly higher than other groups. Caspase-9 protein level was in CG and VG groups significantly lower than other groups. Bcl-xL increased more in the CCG group. Anaplasia was reduced in the HG and VinG groups, although apoptosis and other cellular damages increased. It was concluded that mad honey and vincristine could be considered together as effective therapeutic agents in this model of DMBA-induced breast cancer.
Effects of functional poly(ethylene terephthalate) nanofibers modified with sericin-capped silver nanoparticles on histopathological changes in parenchymal organs and oxidative stress in a rat burn wound model
(Ankara Univ, 2023) Şahin, Yaşar; Gün Gök, Zehra; Alçığır, Mehmet Eray; Çınar, Miyas
In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of a poly(ethylene terephthalate)-g-poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PET-g-HEMA) nanofiber wound dressing modified with sericin-coated silver nanoparticles (S-AgNPs) on internal organs, oxidative stress, and biochemical parameters. To establish a burn model, the backs of anesthetized rats were shaved and then third-degree burns were created with a round-bottomed stainless steel rod 2 cm in diameter kept in 100 degrees C water for 20 seconds. The wounds of the negative control group (G1) were covered with standard bandages; the wounds of the positive control group (G2) were covered with silvercel, used as burn wound material; and the wounds of the experimental group (G3) were covered with PET-based dressing material. Histopathological changes in organs (liver, kidneys, heart, pancreas, lungs), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant status (TAS), nitric oxide (NO), and biochemical parameters (serum aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], gamma glutamyl transpeptidase [GGT], creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase [LDH], total protein, albumin, globulin, urea) were examined. Compared with the G1 group, plasma AST, ALT, and GGT levels were found to be significantly decreased in G2 and G3 (P<0.001). Plasma TAS was found to be significantly increased in G2 and G3 compared to G1 (P<0.05). Compared to the G1 group, degenerative and necrotic changes in the liver, kidneys, and pancreas were found to be significantly reduced in G2 and G3 (P<0.05). In conclusion, this work demonstrates that the synthesized PET-based wound dressing material has the capacity to be used commercially.
Bir kısrakta miks sarkoid olgusu
(2006) Kul, Oğuz; Süer, Cenk; Macun, Hasan Ceyhun; Karabacak, Ali
Bu raporda, 8 yaşlı yarım kan İngiliz bir kısrağın ventral abdomen bölgesinde saptanan miks sarkoid olgusu klinik ve patolojik bulguları ile tanımlanmıştır. Tümör, 6x4x3 cm ölçülerinde, yüzeyi ülserli ve kanamalı, kılsız deri ile örtülü deri yüzeyden taşkın diskoid şekilli bir kitleden ibaretti. Histopatolojik incelemede, epidermiste yaygın ülser alanları, hiperplazi, oıtokeratotik hiperkeratoz ve yer yer epitelyal incelmeler dikkati çekti. Nadiren akantozis ve kistik kıl folliküllerine rastlandı. Dermişte yumak şeklinde kıvrımlar oluşturan fibroblast benzeri iğ ve çomak şekilli hücre proliferasyonları görüldü. Farklı sarkoid tiplerine ait klinik ve histopatolojik bulgular gözlenen bu tümöre miks sarkoid tanısı konuldu.
Deneysel kronik toksoplazmoz fare modeli: Beyin lezyonlarının davranış değişiklikleri ile ilişkilendirilmesi
(2012) Koçak, Orhan Murat; Atmaca, Hasan Tarık; Terzi, Osman Safa; Büyükkayaer, Seyhan; Rezaki, Hatice Özdemir; Uzunalioglu, Tuba; Cağdaş, Güngör Dinçel
Amaç: Bu çalışmada; kist oluşturan T. gondii ME 49 suşu ile enfekte farelerde oluşan anksiyete ile ilişkili davranış değişiklikleri ve beyin lezyonlarıyla ilişkisinin araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Uygulama öncesi serumlarında anti-T. gondii antikorlarının olmadığı gösterilen 2 aylık 21 adet erkek Swiss albino fareden deney grubundaki 14’üne; intraperitoneal (IP) (n=8) ve oral (n=6) yollarla 2x102 Toxoplasma gondii ME49 ookisti verildikten 4 hafta sonra, anksiyete veya korku ile ilişkili davranışları T. gondii ile enfekte fareler ile kontrol grubu sağlıklı farelerde karşılaştırmalı olarak değerlendirildi. Deney bitiminde (inokulasyon sonrası 45’inci gün) farelere ötenazi yapılarak, beyinleri histopatolojik olarak ve T. gondii doku kisti antijeni yönünden immunoperoksidaz test ile incelendi. Bulgular: T. gondii ile enfekte farelerin daha düşük düzeyde anksiyeteye sahip olduklarını, enfekte olmayan kontrol grubundaki farelere göre daha yüksek oran ve süreyle açık kolu tercih ettiklerini ortaya koydu. Patolojik olarak; enfekte grupta özellikle parietal ve temporal loblar, kornu ammonis, amigdala, talamus ve çevresinde, beynin diğer bölümlerine oranla daha yüksek derecede gliozis, perivasküler hücre infiltrasyonu, meningitis ve nöron nekrozları gözlendi. Beyinde T. gondii doku kisti yerleşimi de anılan lezyon şiddeti ile doğru orantılı olarak diğer alanlara oranla daha yüksek sayıdaydı. Sonuç: Kronik toksoplazmozlu farelerin beyinlerinde şekillenen T. gondii doku kistleri ve nöropatolojik değişikliklerin doğrudan anksiyetenin azaltılmasına yönelik davranış manipülasyonu ile ilişkili olduğu öne sürülebilir.
Desmoplastic Small Round-Cell Tumor in a Dog
(2018) Alçığır, Mehmet Eray; Kutlu, Tuncer; Çolakoğlu, Ekrem Çağatay; Dinç, Ceyda
A 13-year-old, neutered female Husky dog was brought to the clinic with the complaints of anorexia, vomiting, abdominal distension and respiratory distress. It was suddenly died during intervention. At the necropsy, a mass was seen in the abdominal cavity. The mass had 16x15x9 cm in diameters. Histological examination revealed clusters of cells with slightly eosinophilic and scanty cytoplasm, small round hyperchromatic nuclei, and inconspicuous nucleoli encompassed by hypocellular extensive desmoplastic connective tissue stroma comprising few spindle-shaped connective tissue cells. In immunohistochemical examination the cytoplasms of tumour cells were detected to be mildly positive by nestin. The tumour cells were negative for ?-SMA (Alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin), vimentin and pancytokeratin, but stromal cells were positive for ?-SMA and vimentin. Despite the presence of partially incompatible immunohistochemical findings, the tumor in this case was diagnosed as desmoplastic small round-cell tumor because its aggressiveness, localization, and histopathology was similar to that observed for this tumor in humans. Previously this tumor has not been identified in animals.
Lactobacillus plantarum improves lipogenesis and IRS-1/AKT/eNOS signalling pathway in the liver of high-fructose-fed rats
(TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD, 2020) Sumlu, Esra; Bostanci, Aykut; Sadi, Gokhan; Alcigir, Mehmet Eray; Akar, Fatma
In the present study, we investigated the influence of Lactobacillus plantarum and Lactobacillus helveticus supplementation on lipogenesis, insulin signalling and glucose transporters in liver of high-fructose-fed rats. Fructose was given to the rats as a 20% solution in drinking water for 15 weeks. Lactobacillus plantarum and L. helveticus supplementations were performed by gastric gavage once a day during final 6 weeks. Dietary high-fructose increased hepatic weight, lipid accumulation and FASN expression as well as caused a significant reduction in IRS-1 expression, pAKT/total AKT and peNOS/total eNOS ratios, but an elevation in GLUT2 and GLUT5 mRNAs in the liver. Lactobacillus plantarum supplementation decreased hepatic weight, triglyceride content and FASN expression as well as improved IRS-1/AKT/eNOS pathway and GLUT2 expression in the liver of high-fructose-fed rats. However, L. helveticus supplementation exerted a restoring effect on lipid accumulation by decreasing FASN expression, and regulating effect on IRS-1 and GLUT2 expressions.
Prevalence of PKD1gene mutation in cats in Turkey and pathogenesis of feline polycystic kidney disease
(SAGE PUBLICATIONS INC, 2020) Bilgen, Nuket; Biskin Turkmen, Merve; Cinar Kul, Bengi; Isparta, Sevim; Sen, Yusuf; Akkurt, Mustafa Y.; Cildir, Ozge S.
Polycystic kidney disease (PKD) is one of the most common hereditary diseases in cats, with high prevalence in Persian and Persian-related cats. PKD is caused mainly by an inherited autosomal dominant (AD) mutation, and animals may be asymptomatic for years. We screened 16 cats from various breeds exhibiting a renal abnormality by ultrasound examination and genotyped them for the c.10063C>A transversion on exon 29 of the polycystin-1 (PKD1) gene, by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Among these cats, a Siamese nuclear family of 4 cats with ancestral hereditary renal failure were screened by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to determine novel variations in genes associated with both AD and autosomal recessive PKD in humans. During the study period, one cat died as a result of renal failure and was forwarded for autopsy. Additionally, we screened 294 cats asymptomatic for renal disease (Angora, Van, Persian, Siamese, Scottish Fold, Exotic Shorthair, British Shorthair, and mixed breeds) to determine the prevalence of the mutation in cats in Turkey. Ten of the symptomatic and 2 of the asymptomatic cats carried the heterozygous C -> A transversion, indicating a prevalence of 62.5% and 0.68%, respectively. In the WGS analysis of 4 cats in the Siamese nuclear family, novel variations were determined in the fibrocystin gene (PKHD1), which was not compatible with dominant inheritance of PKD.
Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of lonidamine-entrapped lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles in treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia: An experimental rat model
(ELSEVIER, 2020) Sengel-Turk, Ceyda Tuba; Alcigir, Mehmet Eray; Ekim, Okan; Bakar-Ates, Filiz; Hascicek, Canan
Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is a progressive proliferative disease, the incidence of which is constantly increasing due to aging of population. In this research, a hexokinase-II enzyme inhibiting agent, lonidamine - the use of which is limited in BPH treatment due to high hepatic toxicity observed after three months of treatment - was selected as an active agent, based on its mechanism of action in treating BPH. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo therapeutic efficacy and hepatic toxicity of lipid-polymer hybrid nanoparticles of lonidamine in a rat BPH model created in rat prostates. After local injections of hybrid nanoparticles of lonidamine were administered to the rat prostates, hyperplasic structures of prostates were evaluated in terms of prostatic index values, immunohistochemical evaluations, and histopathological findings. Liver blood enzyme values were also determined to specify hepatic toxicity. Apoptosis was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) reaction and histopathological methods to determine intravital degenerative destruction in liver. Through this study, lonidamine-loaded hybrid nanoparticles were found to reduce the he-patic toxicity and increase therapeutic efficiency of lonidamine. Therefore, lonidamine-entrapped hybrid nanoparticles may provide a promising, and very safe, drug delivery strategy in the treatment of BPH.
Relationship between seropositivity of Encephalitozoon cuniculi and renal biochemical markers in clinically healthy rabbits
(Ankara Univ Press, 2019) Ozkan, Ozcan; Yucesan, Banucicek; Pekkaya, Selcuk; Alcigir, Mehmet Eray; Gurcan, Ismayil Safa
Encephalitozoon cuniculi can cause latent disease, especially in lagomorphs and many wild and domestic animals in various countries. This infection is important for veterinary and public health because it is caused by a potentially zoonotic and opportunistic pathogen. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between seropositivity of E. cuniculi and renal function markers, which may be useful in predicting the disease in clinically healthy rabbits. In this study, the seropositivity of E. cuniculi infection in clinically healthy rabbits was determined, and necropsy fmdings were evaluated along with the results of renal function tests. In a laboratory rabbit breeding facility, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests showed that 48 (49.5%) of 97 rabbits were seropositive against E. cuniculi. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels were significantly elevated in seropositive animals. Two seropositive rabbits were necropsied to confirm the infection. According to histopathological findings in the kidney, degenerative changes and E. cuniculi spores were identified in the tubule epithelia. Serum creatinine (p<0.001) and BUN (p<0.01) levels were found to have a statistically significant relationship with the serological status of rabbits. Serological and histopathological methods are not routinely used in rabbits to diagnose E. cuniculi infection. The kidneys were one of the most affected organs in encephalitozoonosis in rabbits. As revealed in this study, the testing blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels would be useful for the evaluation of general health status and renal function of the seropositive rabbits, and clinical interpretation as well.
A Comparative Pathomorphological Findings Between Leiurus abdullahbayrami and Androctonus crassicauda (Scorpion: Buthidae) Envenomation in Rabbit Animal Model
(Iranian Scientific Society Medical Entomology, 2019) Ozkan, Ozcan; Alcigir, Mehmet Eray
Background: The aim of study was to compare macroscopical and histopathological findings between venoms belonging to two scorpion species, Androdoctonus crassicauda, and the newly discovered Leirus abdullahbayrami. Methods: The animals used in this experimental study were fifteen New Zealand bred rabbits. Three groups were constituted as group I (L. abdullahbayrami group, n= 6), group II (A. crassicauda group, n= 6) and group III (control group, n= 3). The animals in the L. abdullahbayrami group and the A. crassicauda group were envenomed through an intravenous route. The rabbits were monitored for the first 24h following the envenomation. The animals dead within that time period were examined and all animals were sacrificed and standard necropsy process was performed at 24h. Results: The pathomorphological findings from group I were found to be more severe than those observed in group II. The venom from the newly identified L. abdullahbayrami has a greater effect than the venom from the A. crassicauda. Moreover, as this was a rabbit modeling study, the L. abdullahbayrami might pose the most serious health threat to infants in particular due to their smaller body weight. Conclusion: These findings will provide a better understanding of envenomation of human beings in terms of the possible consequences of scorpion toxication on the organs.
Role of nitric oxide and oxidative stress in pathophysiology of liver injury in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats
(Ankara Univ Press, 2018) Dincel, Gungor Cagdas; Yildirim, Serkan; Kul, Oguz
Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is a severe chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycaemia because of the alterations in insulin secretion or its action. It is previously shown that hyperglycemia related oxidative stress (OS) and excessive nitric oxide (NO) production may cause severe complications in kidney and brain. In this report, it is aimed to investigate the cytotoxic effects of NO and to evaluate possible interaction with T1DM related hepatopathology. Expression levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) and glutathione reductase (GR) were examined by immunohistochemistry in liver tissues. Results of the study revealed that levels of 8-OHdG (P<0.001), eNOS (P<0.001), eNOS (P<0.001), SOD1 (P<0.001) and GR (P<0.001) were remarkably higher in liver with T1DM than control. The most prominent finding of this study is the increased levels of 8-OHdG in the mostly hepatocyte cytoplasm. These results suggest an involvement of oxidative DNA damage and OS might play a pivotal role on hepatic degeneration and this is a novel insight of pathogenesis on the explanation of cellular processes in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 1 diabetic rats'liver. Furthermore, these results also suggested that STZ-induced hepatic pathology might have been augmented by the contribution of high NO expression mediated OS. Taken together, the results suggest NO related hepatic inflammation and degeneration closely implicated in pathophysiology of T1DM. The results also clearly indicated that OS plays an important role on hepatic pathology and OS biomarkers might indicate the progress of the T1DM.
The effect of endothelin receptor antagonists in the endotoxin-induced uveitis rabbit model
(Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Karaca, Emine Esra; Uzun, Feyzahan; Dilekoz, Ergin; Fincan, Gokce Sevim Ozturk; Ercan, Sevim; Kul, Oguz; Or, Meral
Purpose: To investigate the effect of Bosentan (non-selective endothelin receptor antagonist) and BQ123 (ETA receptor antagonist) on intraocular inflammation in an endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) rabbit model.Methods: Uveitis was induced by intravitreal injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The animals were divided into 7 groups and there were six rabbits in each group (saline, saline and ethanol, bosentan, BQ123, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), bosentan and LPS, BQ123 and LPS-injected groups). Bosentan and BQ123 were applied before LPS injection. Aqueous humour was collected at 24th hour post-injections and enucleation was performed for the evaluation of histopathological changes.Results: BQ123 decreased clinical score, cell counts and protein amount more than bosentan and it was significant for cell counts (p=0.018). Bosentan significantly diminished inflammatory reactions more than BQ123 as shown in histopathological specimens (p=0.002).Conclusions: ETA receptor blockage is effective on uveitis treatment by its protective effect on blood aqueous barrier.
An Investigation of the Effects of Curcumin on the Changes in the Central Nervous System of Rats Exposed to Aroclor 1254 in the Prenatal Period
(Bentham Science Publ, 2018) Alcigir, Mehmet Eray; Dogan, Halef Okan; Dikmen, Begum Yurdakok; Dogan, Kubra; Vural, Sevil Atalay; Yilmaz, Fatma Meric; Isgoren, Atilla
Background & Objective: Aroclor 1254 is a widespread toxic compound of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), which can create significant nervous problems. No remedies have been found to date. The aim of this study was to reveal the damage that occurs in the central nervous system of rat pups exposed to Aroclor 1254 in the prenatal period and to show the inhibiting effect of curcumin, which is a strong anti-oxidant and neuroprotective substance. Method: The study established 3 groups of adult female and male Wistar albino rats. The rats were mated within these groups and the offspring rats were evaluated within the group given Aroclor 1254 only (n=10) and the group was given both Aroclor 1254 and curcumin (n=10) and the control group (n=10). The groups were compared in respect of pathomorphological damage. The immunohistochemical evaluation was made of 8-hydroxdeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), 4-hydroxynoneal (4HNE), myelin basic protein (MBP) expressions and TUNEL reaction. The biochemical evaluation was made of the changes in the TAS-TOS and Neuron Specific Enolase (NSE) levels. Damage was seen to have been reduced with curcumin in the 8OHdG and TUNEL reactions, especially in the forebrain and the midbrain, although the dosage applied did not significantly change TAS and TOS levels. Consequently, it was understood that Aroclor 1254 caused damage in the central nervous system of the pup in the prenatal period, and curcumin reduced these negative effects, particularly in the forebrain and the midbrain. Conclusion: It was concluded that curcumin could be a potential neuroprotective agent and would be more effective at higher doses.
Immunohistochemical investigation of the damage to and repair of myelin, and astrocyte activity in small ruminants resulting from with natural meningoencephalitic listeriosis
(Ankara Univ Press, 2018) Ozyildiz, Zafer; Dincel, Gungor Cagdas; Terzi, Osman Safa; Ozsoy, Sule Yurdagul; Kul, Oguz
Meningoencephalitic listeriosis is a significant bacterial disease in various species. Common characteristics include microabscesses in the brainstem, midbrain and cerebellum. Many aspects of damage to the central nervous system caused by the disease remain obscure. We investigated central nervous system damage by assessing the presence of biomarkers such as galactocerebroside (GAL-C), glial fibrilary acidic protein (GFAP) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in brain tissues of sheep and goats of various ages, which naturally infected with listeriosis. We examined sections of pons, medulla oblongata, rostral colliculus, cerebellum, thalamus and cornu ammonis and found increased MBP (P < 0.01), GAL-C (P < 0.01) and GFAP (P < 0.01) expression. Ihis studv showed that myelin damage in meningoencephalitic listeriosis was an important neuropathological finding. The most prominent finding of this study is the beginning of the regeneration as soon as myelin damage occurs.
Subacute Stage of Encephalitozoon cuniculi Infection in Eye Lesions of Rabbit in Turkey
(Iranian Scientific Society Medical Entomology, 2018) Ozkan, Ozcan; Alcigir, Mehmet Eray
Background: Encephalitozoon cuniculi is an opportunistic microsporidian parasite that can affect a number of different species of mammalian animals and humans. The parasite can pose also threat for rabbits even though it causes several sporadic and asymptomatic infections. Infection of eyes is common and clinical symptom of ocular infection may include uveitis and cataracts. We found out subacute findings in naturally infected animals and show here a first described eye lesions as well as central nervous system and kidneys in Turkey. Methods: The rabbits (n: 171) of breeding units were observed to daily clinical examination for infection of E. cuniculi during three years. The eyes of five rabbits (2.9%) showed white intraocular masses or cataracts in the breeding units during daily examinations. The infection was described clinicopathologically in collected organ samples in the animals. During observation, macroscopically, corneal lesions and opacity and impaired lens were taken into attention as well as hyperemia in central nervous system and kidney. Histopathologically, parasitophorous vacuoles pertaining to E. cuniculi were detected in all three tissues during different routine Haematoxylin-Eosin and Gram stainings. Results: Degenerative and necrotic changes in epithelium of cornea and lens and also neurons and tubules were predominantly observed in addition to nonpurulent interstitiel nephritis and encephalitis. Conclusion: The results from study lead to subacute findings especially in eye during natural E. cuniculi infections following asymptomatic and latent changes among breeding colony. The lesions indicated sub-acute stage of E. cuniculi infection in eye lesions of rabbit in Turkey.
The First Molecular Detection and Genotyping of Encephalitozoon cuniculi in Rabbit's Eye in Turkey
(Kafkas Univ, Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 2018) Ozkan, Ozcan; Karagoz, Alper; Kocak, Nadir; Alcigir, Mehmet Eray
Encephalitozoon cuniculi was first recognized as the disease agent in rabbits in 1922. The genotype of E. cuniculi isolated from laboratory rabbits with the neurologic disease was described as genotype I. In the eye, this parasite causes damage to the lens, causing phacoclastic uveitis and cataracts. Intraocular infection often occurs in cases of transplacental transmission. There has been no report on the molecular diagnosis of the parasite in Turkey. The current study is the first report on the detection of E. cuniculi spores using the molecular method in Turkey. In our previous study, a rabbit breeding facility was determined seropositive for E. cuniculi infection monitored for five years in terms of clinical symptoms. An autopsy was performed for a definite diagnosis of the infection. Samples were stained according to the hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining after tissue processing procedure and histopathologic analysis was performed. In addition to, the samples for DNA extraction were also taken during the autopsy. ECUNF and ECUNR species-specific primer pairs were used for amplification and genotyping of E. cuniculi. The animals were observed no clinical symptoms except ocular lesion (n=9). Therefore, one of these rabbits was used in the autopsy to definite diagnosis and determination of the damage to the eye. As histopathological, the lesions in the eye were found in the initial or middle stage of progressive infection. The DNA sequence showed that E. cuniculi examined in the present study were genotype I. Possible cause of the visible white mass in the rabbit's eye may be the parasite infection. Therefore, clinicians may consider E. cuniculi as one of the possible causes of ocular lesions in rabbits during daily inspection or ophthalmological examination.

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