Makale Koleksiyonu

Bu koleksiyon için kalıcı URI

https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12587/8603

Listeleniyor 1 - 20 / 55

Asymmetric Short-Run and Long-Run Impact of Economic Globalization on Crop Production in Turkiye
(Natl Agricultural Research & Development Inst, 2023) Koyuncu, Cüneyt; Ünver, Mustafa; Kaya, Muhammed Veysel
This study explores short-run and long-run relationship between economic globalization and crop production in Turkiye by utilizing linear and nonlinear ARDL models for two distinct indicators of crop production. Based on linear and nonlinear ARDL bound tests, the relevant variables are co-integrated and hence they move together in the long run. Economic globalization and crop production possess statistically significant positive association in the long run in linear ARDL models. On the other hand, short-run and long -run symmetry test results disclose that the relationship of economic globalization and crop production in the short-run and long-run is asymmetric. According to the estimation findings, positive and negative changes in economic globalization augment crop production. Meanwhile several tests were conducted to check the statistical validity and robustness of our findings. The results of those diagnostic tests show that neither linear ARDL models nor nonlinear ARDL models incorporate problems in the sense of non-normality, autocorrelation, heteroskedasticity, model misspecification, and parameter instability.
Determinants of Export Performance in Emerging Market Economies: New Evidence from a Panel Quantile Regression Model
(Istanbul Univ, 2023) Bulut, Erdem; Yaşar, Zaim Reha
Export is a key driver of economic growth in emerging market economies, hence, studying the factors that influence export performance is a crucial and important phenomenon. With the use of a panel quantile regression model and annual data, we evaluate the fundamental variables affecting exports in the Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa (BRICS countries), as well as Turkey, Egypt, Indonesia, and Colombia, between 1980 and 2020. Export is the model's dependent variable, while the nominal exchange rate, foreign direct investments, inflation rate, and the economic growth rate based on Kaldor's growth model are its independent variables. According to the findings, the nominal exchange rate has a positive impact on export at various export levels. Therefore, at both low and high levels of export, exchange rate has a greater impact on export. On the other hand, export at the lowest levels is positively impacted by economic growth and foreign direct investments. The impact of economic growth and foreign direct investments on export, however, are insignificant as export volume rises. Finally, even if there is a positive correlation between inflation and export when the export volume is high, there is no significant relationship when exports start to increase. The findings demonstrate that macroeconomic factors significantly affect export in emerging market economies.
Investigation of the Long and Short-Term Relationship Between Exchange Rate and Inflation in Turkiye
(Istanbul Univ, 2023) Aytekin, İbrahim; Bayrakdar, Seda; Aksoy, Emre
The Covid-19 pandemic and the exchange rate shock that the Turkish economy has been subjected to have put pressure on inflation in that nation's economy, which is reliant on imported inputs for production. Accordingly, in this study, the relationship between the monthly consumer price index, producer price index, and real effective exchange rate in T & uuml;rkiye between the years 2004-2021 was examined by the time series analysis method. Augmented Dickey-Fuller and Phillips-Perron unit root tests were used to determine the stationarity levels of the data in time series analysis. According to the findings of the unit root tests, the Autoregressive Distributed Lag-Bound test was utilized to ascertain the cointegration relationship between the data. The Toda-Yamamoto causality test was employed in the analysis' last stage to determine whether there was a statistical correlation between the data. The empirical results are that the real effective exchange rate, inflation, and producer price index are data that can affect each other in the long run in T & uuml;rkiye. In the study, it has been determined that a 1% increase in the producer price index in T & uuml;rkiye, in the long run, will create a 0.40% increase in inflation. In the long run, the relationship between inflation and the real effective exchange rate is statistically insignificant. The Toda-Yamamoto causality test results, on the other hand, reveal that there is a one-way causality relationship from the producer price index to inflation, but a bidirectional causality relationship between the real effective exchange rate and the producer price index.
Enerji Kullanımının Çevresel Etkilerinin İncelenmesi
(2016) Çoban, Orhan; Kılınç, Nazan Şahbaz
Enerji, günümüzde bütün sektörlerin en temel girdilerinden birisidir. Sanayi devrimleri ile birlikte üretimde kas gücünün yerini makine gücü almış ve bu süreç enerjiye olan bağımlılığı artırmıştır. 1973-1974 yıllarında yaşanan petrol krizinden sonra enerji arz güvenliğine yönelik kaygılar artmıştır. Diğer taraftan fosil yakıtların rezervlerinin sınırlı olması ve çevre bilincinin artmasına bağlı olarak yenilenebilir enerji kaynakları daha da önemli hale gelmiştir. 1930'lu yıllarda yaşanan Keynesyen devrim ile uygulamaya konulan politikalar tüketimi toplumsal refahın bir göstergesi olarak dikte ettirmektedir. Günümüzde hemen hemen bütün ülkeler tüketim toplumu olma yönünde bir yarış içindedirler. Şüphesiz daha fazla tüketim daha fazla üretim, daha fazla üretim daha fazla enerji kullanımı ve daha fazla enerji kullanımı ise daha fazla karbon emisyonu anlamına gelmektedir. Nihai olarak, bu süreç çevre kirliliğine neden olmaktadır. Gelinen noktada karbon emisyonlarının çevreye verdiği zararlar önemli boyutlara ulaşmıştır. Karbon emisyonlarının büyük bir bölümü enerji sektöründe fosil kaynakların kullanımından kaynaklanmaktadır ve enerji tüketimi arttıkça karbon emisyonları da artmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 1990-2013 dönemi verileri dikkate alınarak Türkiye'deki sera gazı emisyonları ve özellikle enerjiden kaynaklı emisyonların nedenleri ve çevreye olan etkileri incelenmektedir. Sonuç olarak, Türkiye özellikle hidrolik enerji, rüzgar enerjisi, güneş enerjisi ve jeotermal enerji alanlarında önemli ölçüde potansiyele sahiptir. Enerji kullanımının çevreye verdiği zararların azaltılması için yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının etkin ve verimli bir şekilde kullanılması gerekmektedir.
Afrika Ülkelerinde Politik İstikrar ve Ekonomik Büyüme
(2016) Kalay, Mine; Çetin, Dilek
Bu çalışmanın amacı Afrika ülkelerinde politik istikrar ve ekonomik büyüme arasında nedensellik ilişkisinin olup olmadığının test edilmesidir. Politik istikrardaki bozulma sadece ekonomik büyümeyi değil aynı zamanda gelir dağılımı ve askeri harcamaları da etkilemektedir. Bu yüzden bu çalışmada politik istikrarsızlık, ekonomik büyüme, gelir eşitsizliği ve askeri harcamalar arasındaki ilişkilerin yönünü incelenecektir. 2000-2011 yıllarına ait 52 Afrika ülkesine ait Dünya Bankasının Afrika Gelişmişlik Göstergelerinden elde edilmiş panel data verisi ile Granger Nedensellik testi kullanılarak hipotez test edilmiştir. Test sonuçlarına göre ekonomik büyümeden politik istikrarsızlığa tek yönlü bir ilişki vardır. Politik istikrarsızlık gelir dağılımı ve askeri harcamaları doğrudan etkilerken ekonomik büyümeyi askeri harcamalar üzerinden etkilemektedir.
OECD ve Gelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Gelir Artışı ve İşgücüne Katılım Arasındaki İlişki: Panel Eşbütünleşme Analizi
(2019) Keskin, Halil İbrahim; Aksoy, Emre
Bu çalışma, farklı ekonomik yapıdaki ülkelerde, kişi başına gelirdeki değişimlerin kişilerin çalışma yönündeki isteğinin bir ifadesi olan işgücüne katılım oranlarını (İGKO) nasıl etkilediğini incelemektedir. Çalışmada, Yükselen Pazar ve OECD ülkelerinden oluşan iki ayrı ülke grubu için 1990-2015 yılları arası panel veri kullanılmaktadır. Panel eşbütünleşme testleri kişi başına gelir artışı ile işgücüne katılım arasında tüm ülkelerde uzun dönemli bir ilişki olduğunu göstermektedir. Fakat OECD ülkeleri ve gelişmekte olan pazar ülkelerinde bu ilişkinin yönü farklıdır. Gelişmekte olan pazar ekonomilerinde, kişi başına gelir artışı, kadın ve erkeklerin işgücüne katılımın oranlarını pozitif yönde etkilerken, OECD ülkelerinde bu etki negatif yöndedir. Tüm ülkelerde kişi başına gelirdeki artışlar, kadınları erkeklere kıyasla daha fazla işgücü piyasasında tutmaktadır. Kişi başına gelirin artması durumunda, yükselen Pazar ülkelerinde kadınların işgücüne katılım oranı, erkeklere kıyasla daha fazla artarken, OECD ülkelerinde kadınların işgücüne katılımları, erkeklere göre daha az düşüş göstermektedir.
Finansal Gelişme ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi Türkiye Örneği
(2016) Işık, Hacı Bayram; Bilgin, Onur
2008 yılında ABD'de başlayan ve tüm ekonomileri etkisi altına alan küresel finansal kriz, finansal gelişme ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki ilişkinin yeniden gündeme gelmesini sağlamıştır. Bu çalışmada, Türkiye ekonomisinde finansal gelişme ile ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi, 2003Q1-2015Q4 dönemine ait veriler ile Hacker ve Hatemi-J nedensellik testi kullanılarak incelenmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, çalışmada kullanılan finansal gelişme göstergeleri ve ekonomik büyüme göstergesi arasında kriz öncesi dönemde nedensellik ilişkisi bulunamazken, kriz sonrası dönemde ilgili değişkenler arasında nedensellik ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir.
Effect of Employee Participation and Patient Focus Approaches in the Scope of TQM on Hospital Performance
(EXPERT PROJECTS PUBLISHING, 2020) Evren Subasi, Asena Tugba; Öztürk, Latif
In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of employee participation and patient focus, which are included in the total quality approach of 33 private hospitals within the borders of Ankara, on the performance of the hospital. Accordingly, relational screening model was used in the research. The universe of the research consists of senior managers such as chief physicians, chief assistants, hospital managers, hospital manager assistants, quality coordinators of 33 private hospitals actively serving within the borders of Ankara. Interviews were made with 308 hospital senior managers. Questionnaire was used as a data collection tool in quantitative research methods. In the research, face-to-face interviews were made with hospital managers. SPSS20 program was used in the analysis of research data. Introductory characteristics of hospital managers are shown with frequency and percentage. Participants' assessments of the scales are indicated with the mean and standard deviation. In the research, the effect of employee participation and patient focus on hospital performance within the scope of total quality management (TQM) was investigated by multiple linear regression analysis. The research data were evaluated within the 95% confidence interval. As a result, it was determined that employee participation and patient focus practices within the scope of TQM played an active role on hospital performance and positively affected them. In the study, they stated that private hospital managers gave high scores for employee participation and patient focus dimensions and that these processes were followed in their hospitals. In addition, administrators expressed a positive opinion about the performances of private hospitals.
Knowledge Economy And Economic Performance: Comparison Of Turkey And The European Union
(Mehmet Akif Ersoy Univ, 2019) Saridogan, Hasan Onder; Kaya, Muhammed Veysel
Economic growth is defined as the long-term expansion of an economy's production capacity. As a result of economic growth, significant changes can occur in the economic, social and cultural structures of a country. In this context, the development process of growth has attracted the attention of economists, researchers, policy makers and even households historically. In the economics literature, this concept was first associated with the agricultural revolution and afterwards with industrial revolution. In the last quarter of the 20th century, the foundations of a third revolution under the leadership of knowledge and technology are laid. Economies which use labor, capital as well as knowledge are one step ahead in the name of growth. The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the economic performance and knowledge economy which has knowledge, technology and innovation are in significant place and in this context, it is to make comparisons between EU countries and Turkey. In this study, the impact of the knowledge economy on economic performance has been examined by the selected economics components of 7 main topics in the World Bank KAM methodology Custom Scorecards. By using data of 1998-2017 period of 28 EU members and Turkey that has been postulated to be a member in the unity for a long time, a panel data analysis was performed. According to the results of the analysis, the variables of capital, labor, export, R&D expenditures, education expenditures and public activity which are the components of the knowledge economy used in the study, have a positive effect on economic performance. Additionally, it was determined that other knowledge economy components except female in labor force and mobile phone subscription variables were more effective and efficient in EU countries in terms of economic performance.
Persistency in tourism expenditure in a small-open economy
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2018) Ozdemir, Zeynel Abidin; Aksoy, Emre; Arslanturk, Yalcin; Cetinkaya, Murat; Dogan, Taylan Taner; Durusoy, Omer Tanju
This study aims to examine whether the shocks to the Turkish tourism have a permanent or a transitory effect on tourism expenditure for the period 1964-2012. We took the structural break periods from Lumsdaine and Papell (LP) unit-root test as a base and implemented the Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit-root test for the three different sub-periods of the series of tourism expenditure. In this study, we also estimated the measure of half-life for the effects of shocks on the series under consideration and the grid-bootstrap method to estimate confidence intervals. The results show, irrespective of the structural breaks, the effect of shocks on tourism expenditure is persistent; however, considering the structural breaks, the effect of shocks on tourism expenditure is transitory.
The Price and Income Elasticities of Oil Demand in the Industrial Sector: The Case of OECD Countries
(Ahmet Yesevi Univ, 2017) Coban, Orhan; Kilinc, Nazan Sahbaz; Kilinc, Efe Can
The determination of an important energy source of oil demand elasticity plays a role in measuring the impact on the design of appropriate energy policy and energy demand of these policies. The purpose of this study is to estimate price and income elasticities of industrial oil demand in OECD countries for the period 1997-2013. Firstly, the literature relating sectoral energy consumption in OECD countries were reviewed. And then, the determinant of sectoral energy consumption in OECD countries was discussed. We examined the energy demand models in the relevant literature to create an empirical analysis framework. We use dynamic panel data methods to estimate industrial oil demand elasticities in OECD countries after determining the appropriate model. According to the results, the demand for energy in the industrial sector of the 1% increase in oil prices, while reducing the rate of 1.76%, oil consumption of an increase of 1% will occur in the industrial production index also shows that increased by 1.34%. According to these results, in terms of price and income elasticity, demand for oil in the industrial sector in OECD countries is elastic.
Investigation of Energy Use of Environmental Impact
(Marmara Univ, 2016) Coban, Orhan; Sahbaz Kilinc, Nazan
Today, energy is one of the most basic inputs of all sectors. After the industrial revolutions, engine power has taken the place of muscle strength in the production and this process increased dependence on energy. In 1973-1974, after the oil crisis, concerns about energy supply security has increased. On the other hand, renewable energy sources has become even more important due to the limited reserves of fossil fuels and increasing environmental awareness. The policies implemented by Keynesian revolution which was experienced in the 1930s, is dictating consumption as an indicator of social welfare. Nowadays, almost all countries are in a race to become a consumer society. Surely more consumption is more production, more production is more energy use and the use of more energy means more carbon emissions. Ultimately, this process leads to environmental pollution. At this point the damage of carbon emissions into the environment has reached a significant size. A large part of carbon emissions derive from the use of fossil fuels in the energy sector and energy consumption increases carbon emissions are also increasing. In this study, data for the period 1990-2013 greenhouse gas emissions in Turkey and especially the causes of emissions from the energy and economic aspects of environmental impact are analyzed. As a result, Turkey in particular has the potential areas hydraulic energy, wind energy, solar energy and geothermal energy. Reducing the environmental damage caused by energy use, renewable energy sources have to be used effectively and efficiently.
Unemployment and labour force participation in Turkey
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2016) Tansel, Aysit; Ozdemir, Zeynel Abidin; Aksoy, Emre
This article investigates the relationship between labour force participation rate and unemployment rate in Turkey a developing country. Cointegration analysis is carried out for the aggregate and gender-specific series. The findings indicate that there is no long-run relationship between labour force participation and unemployment rates in Turkey. Thus, unlike in the case of the developed countries, the unemployment invariance hypothesis is supported in Turkey.
The Relationship between Entrepreneurship and Innovation: A Dynamic Panel Data Analysis
(Eskisehir Osmangazi Univ, Fac Education, 2016) Isik, H. Bayram; Isik, Nihat; Kilinc, Efe Can
Entrepreneurship and innovation are two of the most pervasive concepts of our times. Innovation and entrepreneurship have been one of the factors that provide developing countries to reach higher development stages as well as developed countries and to perform economic and social transformations and will continue. In this study, the relationship between innovation and entrepreneurship were examined for OECD countries for the period of 1990-2011 using dynamic panel data models. Results showed that the innovation and entrepreneurship have a long-term relationship, whereas in the short term there was no such indication. Accordingly, 1% increase in business ownership rate would increase the private sector R&D expenditures by 5.9%. Analysis results also showed that; the coefficients of error correction parameters of Belgium, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, South Korea, Mexico, Poland, Slovakia, the Netherlands, the United Kingdom and the United States were meaningful and revealed a long term relationship in these countries.
Are real exchanges rate series really persistent?: evidence from three commonwealth of independent states countries
(Routledge Journals, Taylor & Francis Ltd, 2015) Ozdemir, Zeynel Abidin; Aksoy, Emre
This article sets out to examine the degree of persistence in the real exchange rates of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Russia, and tests the validity of Purchasing power parity (PPP) using monthly data covering 1995: 01-2013: 12 period. The sum of autoregressive (AR) coefficients is used in order to examine persistence of the real exchange rate series and grid-bootstrap method is employed for the confidence intervals. The tests performed suggest two results: (1) Covering the full sample and sub-sample periods, excluding Kyrgyzstan in 1995: 01-1998: 07 and Russia in 2008: 09-2013: 12 periods, disregarding the structural breaks in the data generating process, there is high persistency in real exchange rates; (2) there is evidence in support of PPP covering the full sample for every country except for Kyrgyzstan in 1995: 01-1998: 07 and Russia in 2008: 09-2013: 12 periods.
Towards OIC Economic Cooperation: Impacts of Developing 8 (D-8) Preferential Trade Agreement
(World Scientific Publ Co Pte Ltd, 2013) Othman, Jamal; Acar, Mustafa; Jafari, Yaghoob
The Developing 8 (D-8) comprises of eight developing countries (Turkey, Malaysia, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Iran, Egypt and Nigeria), all of which are OIC members with large Muslim populations. The D-8 has formed a freer trade alliance with the objectives to create new opportunities and enhance intra-trade relations while providing better standards of living for its citizens. This paper examines the trade impact of possible trade liberalization among the D-8 countries using a multi-country computable general equilibrium model, i.e., GTAP. Results indicate that while the D-8 intra-trade is expected to increase very substantially, not all member countries will experience a welfare gain under a free trade arrangement. Likewise, the impact on economic sectors differs substantially across countries.
Aysit Tansel (2012) Demography and Management Towards 2050: Repercussions on the Turkish Labor Market (in Turkish) TUSIAD and UNFPA.
(Bilgesel Yayincilik San & Tic Ltd, 2013) Aksoy, Emre; Ozdemir, Zeynel Abidin
This book is part of a series of books by Tusiad and Unfpa on Education, Labor Market, Health System and on Social Security System in Turkey with a view towards 2050. One of the distinguishing features of this book is that it provides explanations and definitions for a number of demographic and labor market concepts and theories in a plain and understandable language. The analysis concentrates on the supply side of the labor market whereby the demographic features and the labor supply characteristics are interrelated. According to the population projections the Demographic Window of Opportunity has started in Turkey in 2010 and will end in 2040. During this period the working age population of Turkey will reach high levels and could potentially contribute to the growth and development in Turkey Provided that the quality of the working age population could be increased and that necessary employment could be generated, Turkey will benefit from the Demographic Window of Opportunity and otherwise there will be risks involved. Author provides historical information about the main labor market indicators such as labor force participation, employment and unemployment by gender and various other characteristics. Further, the thrust of the book is the provision of projections for the labor force participation employment and unemployment rates and numbers for the period 2010-2050 by gender and total under three different scenarios about the economic and educational developments. Final part of the book provides general evaluation and policy proposals about the labor market participation of youth, women and old-age groups in terms of education, skills generation and skills upgrading in order to create the educated, skilled and healthy labor force of the future. Investments in technological developments and research and deveolopment are also emphasized. This book could be profitably used in the labor economics and Turkish labor market courses at the universities as a supplementary book
The economic impact of petroleum royalty reform on Turkey's upstream oil and gas industry
(Elsevier Sci Ltd, 2012) Aydin, Levent
The aim of this paper is to examine the economic impact of the royalty reform. The draft Turkish petroleum Law introduces two important fiscal changes to increase to increase domestic petroleum production, further national petroleum supply, attract investors and harmonize its laws with those of the European Community: (1) progressive sliding royalty relief on oil and gas production leases and (2) 50% of the royalty shall be transferred to province where the production lease exists. Results included in this analysis indicate that there would be 2% increase in oil production thanks to 128 oil fields extending economic life and 0.5% increase in gas production thanks to 63 gas fields due to their profitability in the forecasted period. Half of royalty is transferred to low per capita income provinces and tends to contribute distribution of income. However, half of gas royalty is transferred to high income per capita provinces. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Authoritarian Nationalism and Discrimination Ending with Immiserising Modernization: Economic and Social Consequences of the Republican Power Elite's Fight
(Nova Science Publishers, Inc, 2010) Toprak, Metin; Acar, Mustafa
In recent years, there has been a growing literature -known as endogenous growth-revealing the fact that human resources are the main constituent of economic growth. Turkey has implemented for a long time a state policy by which human resources have been weakened and paralyzed. This chapter looks into the historical trajectory of this dead-lock policy, linking the basis of the current deficiencies of democracy and market economy in Turkey at institutional level on one hand, and lack of tolerance and xenophobia at societal level on the other. We argue that the Republican era's Jacobean type of ultra-nationalist unification policies explain by and large not only relative economic backwardness, but also ongoing political, economic and social adjustment problems in Turkey.
Cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects of nickel oxide nanoparticles in cultured HeLa cells
(Via Medica, 2010) Ada, Kezban; Turk, Mustafa; Oguztuzun, Serpil; Kilic, Murat; Demirel, Mehmet; Tandogan, Nisa; Latif, Ozturk
The aim of this study was to observe the cytotoxicity and apoptotic effects of nickel oxide nanoparticles on human cervix epithelioid carcinoma cell line (HeLa). Nickel oxide precursors were synthesized by an nickel sulphate-excess urea reaction in boiling aqueous solution. The synthesized NiO nanoparticles (<200 nm) were investigated by X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy techniques. For cytotoxicity experiments, HeLa cells were incubated in 50-500 mu g/mL NiO for 2, 6, 12 and 16 hours. The viable cells were counted with a haemacytometer using light microscopy. The cytotoxicity was observed low in 50-200 mu g/mL concentration for 16 h, but high in 400-500 mu g/mL concentration for 2-6 h. HeLa cells' cytoplasm membrane was lysed and detached from the well surface in 400 mu g/mL concentration NiO nanoparticles. Double staining and M30 immunostaining were performed to quantify the number of apoptotic cells in culture on the basis of apoptotic cell nuclei scores. The apoptotic effect was observed 20% for 16 h incubation.

Güncel Gönderiler