Ortadoğu'da din-iktidar ilişkisi: Suriye Baas Partisi örneği
Yükleniyor...
Dosyalar
Tarih
2018
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bugün, ulus devletlerine bakıldığında en önemli sorunlardan biri olarak karşımıza etnik ve dini farklılıklar çıkmaktadır. Ancak bu farklılıkların kendini en yoğun hissettirdiği yer şüphesiz Ortadoğu'dur. Çünkü Ortadoğu'da genel olarak siyaset, etnik veya dini temeller üzerine kuruludur. Bu anlamda Ortadoğu'da etnik ve dini bağların siyasetin belirlenmesinde en fazla etkin bir rol üstlendiği yer Suriye'dir. Bünyesinde zengin etnik ve dini unsurları barındıran Suriye, tam bir mozaik yapıya sahiptir. Bereketli Hilal'in içerisinde yer alması ve stratejik olarak önemli bir konumda olması dolayısıyla Suriye pek çok medeniyete de ev sahipliği yapmıştır. Suriye'de, 1946'da Fransız Mandası esaretinden kurtulduktan sonra kendi içinde bir dizi mücadeleler yaşanmıştır. Bu mücadeleler, Hafız Esad'ın iktidara geldiği dönem olan 1970'e kadar devam etmiştir. O döneme kadar Suriye, istikrarsızlar ülkesi olarak anılmaktaydı. Hafız Esat yönetimi devraldıktan sonra "istikrarsızlığın istikrarı" dönemini başlatmış ve ülkeyi otuz sene tek başına yönetmiştir. 1970'te Suriye'nin ilk azınlık üyesi ve Nusayri inancına mensup devlet başkanı Hafız Esad olmuştur. Nusayrilik, Şia'nın aşırı kolu olarak görülen ve İslam dışı sayılan bir inanç sistemidir. Suriye'de Nusayriler Hafız Esad dönemine kadar ezildiler, aşağılandılar ve geri bırakıldılar. Ancak 1943'te kurulan Baas Partisi sayesinde yavaş yavaş güç kazanmaya başladılar. Baas Partisi 1963'te iktidarı ele geçirdi ve bu süreçten sonra Nusayriler devletin kilit noktalarına yerleştiler. Uzun sürecek bir Sünni tasfiye sürecinin ardından Hafız Esad ve Nusayri yandaşları devletin kontrolünü ele aldılar. Bu çalışmanın amacı; Suriye'deki etnik- dini bağların ve mezhepçilik unsurunun Suriye siyasetine ne ölçüde yön verdiğini aynı zamanda Suriye'deki iktidar mücadelelerinin temelinde yine bu bağların ne gibi bir etkisi olduğunu araştırmaktır. Çalışmanın konusu Suriye olduğundan dolayı Baas Partisi'nin gelişimsel evrelerine yalnızca Suriye dahil edilip Irak dahil edilmemiştir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Ortadoğu, Suriye, Nusayrilik, Baas Rejimi, Şiilik.
In contemporary world,when we consider nation states, we would observe that one of the most important problems is ethnic and religious differences. However, the Middle East is the place where these differences feelt with a most intense fashion undoubtly because politics in the Middle East is generally based on ethnic or religious foundations. In this context, the country in the Middle East where the ethnical and religious ties plays the most important role is Syria. Syria with its rich ethnic and religious elements has a complete mosaic structure. Because its located in the fertile Crescent and in a strategically important position, Syria has hosted many civilizations over years. After Syria gain their independence from the French Mandate in 1946, a number of struggles were experienced in Syria. These struggles continued until 1970, when Hafez Assad came to power. Until that time, Syria was known as an country of instability. Hafiz Esad, after taking over the administration, initiated the period known as "stability of instability" and managed the country alone for thirty years. In 1970, Hafez Assad became the first minority and Nusayri head of state when he was elected. Nusairinsm is a belief system considered to be the extreme arm of Shia and considered to be non-Islamic. In Syria, the Nusayrians were oppressed, disgraced, and discriminated until Hafez Assad came to power. But with the Baath Party, which was founded in 1943, they began to gain power slowly. The Ba'ath Party seized power in 1963 and after that the Nusayris has occupied the key positions in the state. After a long period of Sunni purge, supporters of Hafez Assad and members of Nusayri faith took control of Syria. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent that ethnic-religious ties and sectarianism in Syria have led to the Syrian politics, and also to investigate the effects of these relationships on the basis of the power struggles in Syria. As Syria is the subject of the study, only Syria was included and mentioned in the developmental stages of the Ba'th Party and Iraq was not included. Keywords: Middle East, Syria, Nusairism, Baath Regime, Shiism
In contemporary world,when we consider nation states, we would observe that one of the most important problems is ethnic and religious differences. However, the Middle East is the place where these differences feelt with a most intense fashion undoubtly because politics in the Middle East is generally based on ethnic or religious foundations. In this context, the country in the Middle East where the ethnical and religious ties plays the most important role is Syria. Syria with its rich ethnic and religious elements has a complete mosaic structure. Because its located in the fertile Crescent and in a strategically important position, Syria has hosted many civilizations over years. After Syria gain their independence from the French Mandate in 1946, a number of struggles were experienced in Syria. These struggles continued until 1970, when Hafez Assad came to power. Until that time, Syria was known as an country of instability. Hafiz Esad, after taking over the administration, initiated the period known as "stability of instability" and managed the country alone for thirty years. In 1970, Hafez Assad became the first minority and Nusayri head of state when he was elected. Nusairinsm is a belief system considered to be the extreme arm of Shia and considered to be non-Islamic. In Syria, the Nusayrians were oppressed, disgraced, and discriminated until Hafez Assad came to power. But with the Baath Party, which was founded in 1943, they began to gain power slowly. The Ba'ath Party seized power in 1963 and after that the Nusayris has occupied the key positions in the state. After a long period of Sunni purge, supporters of Hafez Assad and members of Nusayri faith took control of Syria. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent that ethnic-religious ties and sectarianism in Syria have led to the Syrian politics, and also to investigate the effects of these relationships on the basis of the power struggles in Syria. As Syria is the subject of the study, only Syria was included and mentioned in the developmental stages of the Ba'th Party and Iraq was not included. Keywords: Middle East, Syria, Nusairism, Baath Regime, Shiism
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sosyoloji, Sociology, , , , , , , , , ,
