Astım tedavisinde kullanılmak üzere plantago major özütü içeren lipozomların sentezi ve In Vitro biyouyumluluğunun araştırılması
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Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Dünya Sağlık Örgütü'ne göre dünyada 339 milyon kişinin astım hastası olduğu tahmin edilmektedir. Astım hastalığı, akciğerde mikrobik olmayan bir tür iltihap nedeniyle hava yolu duvarının daralması sonucunda ortaya çıkan bir akciğer hastalığıdır. Astım; nefes darlığı, hırıltı/hışıltı ve ıslık sesi, göğüste baskı hissi ve öksürük gibi belirtiler vermektedir. Astımı tetikleyen faktörler arasında korku, öfke, heyecan, ani sevinç gibi duygusal değişimler ile soğuk hava, toz, duman, sigara, hava koşulları, polenler, tüy yer almaktadır. Lipozomlar toksik olmayan, kararlı, suda ve yağda çözünen etkin maddeleri içeren, biyouyumlu bir fosfolipit yapısında olup antikanser ilaç tasarımında, gen aktarımında, aşı formülasyonunda, yara iyileşmesinde ve ilaç taşıyıcı sistemlerde kullanılmaktadır. Plantago major bitkisi, Türkiye'de solunum yolları tedavisinde sıklıkla kullanılan yaygın bir bitki türüdür. Öksürük, nefes darlığı ve bronşit tedavisinde,göğsü yumuşatma etkisine sahiptir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Plantago major bitkisinden elde edilen ekstraktın lipozomun yapılarıyla enkapsülasyonu sonucu oluşan formülasyonun kimyasal karakterizasyonunu ve sitotoksik etkilerini değerlendirmektir. Çalışmada Plantago major (Sinir otu) bitkisinden ekstrakt elde edilmiş, ince film hidrasyon yöntemi ile lipozomlar üretilmiştir. Elde edilen sinir otu ekstraktı üretilen lipozomla birleştirilmiştir. Lipozomların kimyasal ve morfolojik karakterizasyonları belirlenmiş ve Trakea hücreleri üzerindeki sitotoksite testleri yapılmıştır. Lipozomun Trakea hücrelerinde sitotoksik etkiye sahip olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonucuna göre;boş lipozomların ortalama boyutunun 99,12±24 nm iken sinir otu yüklü lipozomlarının 105,7±14 nm olduğu belirlenmiştir. Analiz sonuçlarına göre ortalama boyut (148,4) nm ve polidispersite indeksi ( 0,38) değeri saptanmıştır. Lipozomların yüzey yükü ise -37,2 mV olarak ölçülmüştür. Sinir otu yüklü lipozomun Trakea hücreleri üzerinde olan sitotoksisite testi ( 100 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL , 25 µg/mL ,12,5 µg/mL 6,25) yapılmıştır. Sonuçlara göre;en yüksek konsantrasyon olan 100 µg/mL' de %56,47 ve en düşük konsantrasyon olan 6,25 µg/mL' de ise % 99,68 hücre canlılığı tespit edilmiştir. Hemotoksilen ve eozin boyama sonuçları da negatif kontrol ile karşılaştırıldığında çekirdek ve sitoplazmada morfolojik bir değişme olmadığını göstermiştir. İkili boyama sonucuna göre ise; en yüksek konsantrasyon olan 100µg/mL'de apoptoz oranının 20±1,5 iken nekroz oranının 28±1,52 olarak, en düşük konsantrasyon olan 25µg/ml'de apoptoz oranının 9±2, nekroz oranının ise 7±2,3 olduğu bulunmuştur. Anahtar kelimeler: Plantago major, lipozom, enkapsülasyon, sitotoksisite, MTT, SEM
According to the World Health Organization, it is estimated that 339 million people in the world suffer from asthma. Asthma is a lung disease that occurs as a result of narrowing of the airway wall due to a type of non-microbial inflammation in the lung. Asthma; It causes symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing/wheezing and whistling, feeling of pressure in the chest and cough. Factors that trigger asthma include emotional changes such as fear, anger, excitement, sudden joy, and cold air, dust, smoke, cigarettes, weather conditions, pollens, and feathers. Liposomes have a biocompatible phospholipid structure containing non-toxic, stable, water- and fat-soluble active ingredients and are used in anticancer drug design, gene transfer, vaccine formulation, wound healing and drug delivery systems. Plantago major plant is a common plant species frequently used in respiratory tract treatment in Turkey. It has a chest softening effect in the treatment of cough, shortness of breath and bronchitis. In the study, extract was obtained from the Plantago major plant and liposomes were produced by the thin film hydration method. The obtained plantain extract was combined with the produced liposome. Chemical and morphological characterizations of liposomes were determined and cytotoxicity tests on tracheal cells were performed. It was determined that the liposome did not have a cytotoxic effect on tracheal cells. According to the results of this study, it was determined that the average size of empty liposomes was 99.12±24 nm, while the plantain-loaded liposomes were 105.7±14 nm. According to the analysis results, the average size (148.4) nm and polydispersity index (0.38) value were determined. The surface charge of liposomes was measured as -37.2 mV. Cytotoxicity test of plantain-loaded liposome on Trachea cells (100 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, 12.5 µg/mL 6.25) was performed. According to the results, 56.47% cell viability was determined at the highest concentration of 100 µg/mL and 99.68% at the lowest concentration of 6.25 µg/mL. Hematoxylin and eosin staining results also showed that there was no morphological change in the nucleus and cytoplasm compared to the negative control. According to the results of double staining; At the highest concentration of 100µg/mL, the rate of apoptosis was 20±1.5 and the rate of necrosis was 28±1.52. At the lowest concentration of 25µg/ml, the rate of apoptosis was 9±2 and the rate of necrosis was 7±2.3. has been found. Key words: Plantago major, liposome, encapsulation, cytotoxicity, MTT, SEM
According to the World Health Organization, it is estimated that 339 million people in the world suffer from asthma. Asthma is a lung disease that occurs as a result of narrowing of the airway wall due to a type of non-microbial inflammation in the lung. Asthma; It causes symptoms such as shortness of breath, wheezing/wheezing and whistling, feeling of pressure in the chest and cough. Factors that trigger asthma include emotional changes such as fear, anger, excitement, sudden joy, and cold air, dust, smoke, cigarettes, weather conditions, pollens, and feathers. Liposomes have a biocompatible phospholipid structure containing non-toxic, stable, water- and fat-soluble active ingredients and are used in anticancer drug design, gene transfer, vaccine formulation, wound healing and drug delivery systems. Plantago major plant is a common plant species frequently used in respiratory tract treatment in Turkey. It has a chest softening effect in the treatment of cough, shortness of breath and bronchitis. In the study, extract was obtained from the Plantago major plant and liposomes were produced by the thin film hydration method. The obtained plantain extract was combined with the produced liposome. Chemical and morphological characterizations of liposomes were determined and cytotoxicity tests on tracheal cells were performed. It was determined that the liposome did not have a cytotoxic effect on tracheal cells. According to the results of this study, it was determined that the average size of empty liposomes was 99.12±24 nm, while the plantain-loaded liposomes were 105.7±14 nm. According to the analysis results, the average size (148.4) nm and polydispersity index (0.38) value were determined. The surface charge of liposomes was measured as -37.2 mV. Cytotoxicity test of plantain-loaded liposome on Trachea cells (100 µg/mL, 50 µg/mL, 25 µg/mL, 12.5 µg/mL 6.25) was performed. According to the results, 56.47% cell viability was determined at the highest concentration of 100 µg/mL and 99.68% at the lowest concentration of 6.25 µg/mL. Hematoxylin and eosin staining results also showed that there was no morphological change in the nucleus and cytoplasm compared to the negative control. According to the results of double staining; At the highest concentration of 100µg/mL, the rate of apoptosis was 20±1.5 and the rate of necrosis was 28±1.52. At the lowest concentration of 25µg/ml, the rate of apoptosis was 9±2 and the rate of necrosis was 7±2.3. has been found. Key words: Plantago major, liposome, encapsulation, cytotoxicity, MTT, SEM
Açıklama
Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyomühendislik Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Biyomühendislik, Bioengineering
