Karşı aydınlanma ve karşı devrim düşüncesinde aydınlanma'ya ve modern dünya'ya bakış
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Tarih
2020
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
Özet
XVIII.yüzyıl Avrupa'sında ortaya çıkan ve kısa sürede yarattığı etkiye bağlı olarak, evrensel bir niteliğe bürünen Aydınlanma düşüncesi, modernleşme olgusunun temel dinamiğini oluşturur. XIX. yüzyılda baş gösteren dönüşümün evveliyatında, Avrupa modernleşmesinin son halkası aydınlanma zihniyeti ile karşılanır. Aydınlanmanın açtığı yolda, modernleşmenin pratik dayanakları, Fransız Devrimi ile kendisine yer bulmuş, Devrim, XIX. yüzyıl modernleşmesinin teorik öncüllerini meydana getiren Aydınlanma fikirlerinin hayata geçirilmesine hizmet etmiştir. Aydınlanma ve Fransız Devrimi; biri teorik diğeri pratik düzeyde modernleşme atılımının gerçekleştirilmesinde doğrudan rol oynamışlardır. İsaiah Berlin tarafından literatüre kazandırılan karşı aydınlanma kavramı ile Fransız Devrimi özelinde ele alınan karşı devrim olgusu, modernleşmeye yöneltilen eleştirileri karşılamakta ve bu meyanda modernleşmeye dair eleştirel içerikli bütüncül bir okumanın temel dayanaklarını oluşturmaktadırlar. Karşı Aydınlanma düşüncesinin kavramsal çerçevesini oluşturan fikirler, henüz aydınlanma çağı öncesinde dillendirilmeye başlanmıştır, bu bakımdan kavramın düşünsel kökenleri, aydınlanmanın kendisi kadar eskiye uzanmakta, esasında bu ifadeden mülhem çok daha gerilere dayanmaktadır. Söz konusu tarihselliği, karşı aydınlanmacı fikirlerin, farklı ideoloji ve disiplinlerle ilişkilendirilmesini olanaklı kılmış, bu ise kavrama ilişkin bütüncül bir anlatımda bulunmayı güçleştirmiştir. Bununla birlikte, modern dünyanın inşasında ayırt edici konumda yer alan gelişmelerin yorumlanması, analizi ve temellendirilmesinde karşı aydınlanma düşüncesinin, kayda değer bir öneme sahip olduğu görülmektedir. Teorik dayanakları büyük ölçüde pratiğe dayalı şekilde meydana getirilen karşı devrim olgusu, bu çalışma özelinde, Fransız Devrimi karşısındaki eleştirel görüşlere ev sahipliği yapmakta ve bu yönüyle karşı aydınlanma düşüncesi kapsamında değerlendirilen kimi söylemlere doğrudan kaynaklık etmektedir. Devrim boyunca yaşananların, aydınlanmanın somut tezahürü yahut pratik bir yansıması olarak ele alınması, bu gerçeği ortaya koymaktadır.
The idea of Enlightenment, which emerged in Europe in the XVIII century and depending on the effect it has created in a short time, constitutes the basic dynamics of the phenomenon of modernization. XIX. In the ages of the transformation that started in the 19th century, the last link of European modernization is met with the enlightenment mentality. On the path of enlightenment, practical bases of modernization have found a place with the French Revolution, Revolution, XIX. It served the realization of Enlightenment ideas, which constituted the theoretical premises of century modernization. Enlightenment and the French Revolution; They played a direct role in the realization of modernization, one at the theoretical and the practical level. The concept of counter-enlightenment brought to the literature by İsaiah Berlin and the phenomenon of counter-revolution addressed in the context of the French Revolution meet the criticisms directed to modernization and constitute the main pillars of a holistic reading with a critical content on modernization. The ideas that constitute the conceptual framework of the concept of Counter Enlightenment have been started to be voiced before the age of Enlightenment, in this respect, the intellectual origins of the concept go as far back as enlightenment itself, in fact, it goes back much further than this expression. The aforementioned historicity made it possible to associate counter-enlightening ideas with different ideologies and disciplines, which made it difficult to make a holistic expression of the concept. However, it seems that the idea of counter enlightenment has a remarkable importance in the interpretation, analysis and grounding of developments taking place in the construction of the modern world. The phenomenon of counter-revolution, whose theoretical grounds are largely practice-based, hosts critical views against the French Revolution in this study, and is therefore a direct source for some discourses evaluated within the context of counter-enlightenment. The fact that what happened during the revolution was considered as a concrete manifestation or a practical reflection of enlightenment reveals this fact.
The idea of Enlightenment, which emerged in Europe in the XVIII century and depending on the effect it has created in a short time, constitutes the basic dynamics of the phenomenon of modernization. XIX. In the ages of the transformation that started in the 19th century, the last link of European modernization is met with the enlightenment mentality. On the path of enlightenment, practical bases of modernization have found a place with the French Revolution, Revolution, XIX. It served the realization of Enlightenment ideas, which constituted the theoretical premises of century modernization. Enlightenment and the French Revolution; They played a direct role in the realization of modernization, one at the theoretical and the practical level. The concept of counter-enlightenment brought to the literature by İsaiah Berlin and the phenomenon of counter-revolution addressed in the context of the French Revolution meet the criticisms directed to modernization and constitute the main pillars of a holistic reading with a critical content on modernization. The ideas that constitute the conceptual framework of the concept of Counter Enlightenment have been started to be voiced before the age of Enlightenment, in this respect, the intellectual origins of the concept go as far back as enlightenment itself, in fact, it goes back much further than this expression. The aforementioned historicity made it possible to associate counter-enlightening ideas with different ideologies and disciplines, which made it difficult to make a holistic expression of the concept. However, it seems that the idea of counter enlightenment has a remarkable importance in the interpretation, analysis and grounding of developments taking place in the construction of the modern world. The phenomenon of counter-revolution, whose theoretical grounds are largely practice-based, hosts critical views against the French Revolution in this study, and is therefore a direct source for some discourses evaluated within the context of counter-enlightenment. The fact that what happened during the revolution was considered as a concrete manifestation or a practical reflection of enlightenment reveals this fact.
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Siyasal Bilimler, Political Science
