Lozan Konferansı'nda Türk-Rum nüfus mübadelesi ve sonrasında Türkiye'deki gayri mübadillerin durumu
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Tarih
2015
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Yayıncı
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Türk-Yunan "nüfus mübadelesi", Lozan Konferansı'nda Türkiye ve Yunanistan arasındaki öncelikli sorunlardan birisi olmuş ve 30 Ocak 1923 tarihinde, Türkiye ve Yunanistan arasında imzalanan 'Yunan ve Türk Halklarının Mübadelesine İlişkin Sözleşme ve Protokol'ün imzalanmasıyla çözüme kavuşturulmuştur. Mübadele işlemi süresince (1923- 1925) 1.200.000 Rum'a karşılık 400.000 Müslüman Türk zorunlu göçe tâbi tutulmuştur. Türk ve Yunan makamlarının karşılıklı isteği doğrultusunda ve Konferansa katılan diğer ülkelerin desteğiyle çok kısa bir zamanda imzalanan sözleşmenin uygulanması, ne yazık ki, o kadar kolay olmamıştır. Bu sözleşmenin 11. maddesi uyarınca yapılacak mübadelenin uygulanmasında karşılaşılabilecek sorunları çözümlemesi amacıyla da Muhtelit Mübadele Komisyonu kurulmuştur. Komisyon çalışmalarına Ekim 1923'de başlamış ve önemli bir sorunla karşılaşmadan 1925 yılının Nisan ayına kadar bir kısım Rum ve Türk halklarının mübadelesini sağlamıştır. Ancak sözleşme metnindeki bazı eksiklikler ve belirsiz ifadeler iki tarafın da gündemini uzun süre meşgul etmiştir. Sözleşmenin ikinci maddesinde yer alan etablis (yerleşmiş) kelimesinin Türk ve Yunan komisyon üyelerince farklı yorumlanması iki ülke arasındaki ilişkileri kopma noktasına getiren "etablis sorunu" da denilen anlaşmazlığa yol açmıştır. 24 Temmuz 1923 tarihli Lozan Barış Antlaşması'nın 37-44. Maddeleri mübadele dışında bırakılan Batı Trakya Müslüman Türk toplumunu ve İstanbul Ortodoks Rum toplumunu etablis kabul ederek, azınlık statüsü vermiştir
Turkish-Greek "Population Exchange" has been one of the main issues between Turkey and Greece in the Lausanne Conference and has been resolved with the signing of the contract and the protocol on the exchange of the Greek and Turkish population respectively signed between Turkey and Greece in January 30, 1923. During the exchange process, 400.000 Muslim Turks were subjected to forced migration against 1.200.000 Greeks. Unfortunately, implementation of the agreement that signed in a very short time with the support of other countries participating in the conference, was not very easy. According to the 11th substance of the agreement, "A mixed exchange commission" was established in order to solve problems which will be encountered during the implementation of exchange. The commission began its work in October 1923 and the exchange of some Greek and Turkish people have been provided without any important problem until April 1925. But some shortcoming and uncertain expressions in the text of the convention occupied both sides for a long time. Turkish and Greek Commission members have commented the word Etablis in different ways. This has caused "the question of etablis" and the relationship of the two countries has come to the breaking point. 37th and 44th Substance of Lausanne Peace Treaty of July 24, 1923 regarded them as etablis and gave minority status to Western Thrace Turkish Community and Istanbul Greek Orthodox Community
Turkish-Greek "Population Exchange" has been one of the main issues between Turkey and Greece in the Lausanne Conference and has been resolved with the signing of the contract and the protocol on the exchange of the Greek and Turkish population respectively signed between Turkey and Greece in January 30, 1923. During the exchange process, 400.000 Muslim Turks were subjected to forced migration against 1.200.000 Greeks. Unfortunately, implementation of the agreement that signed in a very short time with the support of other countries participating in the conference, was not very easy. According to the 11th substance of the agreement, "A mixed exchange commission" was established in order to solve problems which will be encountered during the implementation of exchange. The commission began its work in October 1923 and the exchange of some Greek and Turkish people have been provided without any important problem until April 1925. But some shortcoming and uncertain expressions in the text of the convention occupied both sides for a long time. Turkish and Greek Commission members have commented the word Etablis in different ways. This has caused "the question of etablis" and the relationship of the two countries has come to the breaking point. 37th and 44th Substance of Lausanne Peace Treaty of July 24, 1923 regarded them as etablis and gave minority status to Western Thrace Turkish Community and Istanbul Greek Orthodox Community
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