6360 sayılı kanun sonrası ulaşım hizmetleri: Kahramanmaraş örneği
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2019
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Son elli yılda kırsaldan kentlere doğru artan göç, kentlerin yapısında birçok değişikliğe sebep olmuştur. Kahramanmaraş da bu göçlerden etkilenen şehirlerden bir tanesidir. Kahramanmaraş'ın, özellikle 1970'li yıllardan sonra kent nüfusu hızla artmıştır. 2018 yılının nüfus verilerine göre Kahramanmaraş'ın nüfusu 1.054.210'u bulmuştur. Ülkemizde büyükşehir belediyesi kurulabilmesi için asgari nüfus 750.000'dir. Kahramanmaraş'ın da nüfusunun bu düzeyi geçmesi sonucu, 2012 yılında yayımlanan 6360 Sayılı Kanun ile, Kahramanmaraş 2014 yılında büyükşehir belediyesi olmuştur. 6360 Sayılı Kanun sonrası, Kahramanmaraş Büyükşehir Belediyesi, kırsal yerleşim yerleri de dahil birçok yere ulaşım hizmeti sunmaya başlamıştır. Kahramanmaraş Büyükşehir Belediyesi, belediye otobüsleri ile kırsal ve kent içi toplam 34 farklı hat ile bizzat kendisi, UKOME koordinasyonuyla da 47 hattı bulunan Özel Halk Otobüsleri aracılığıyla ulaşım hizmeti sunmaktadır. Kahramanmaraş'ta bir ayda ulaşım araçları aylık ortalama 2 milyon kilometreyi aşan bir mesafe almakta, bu seferlerle de aylık ortama 4 buçuk milyon insanı taşımaktadır. Bu sayı oldukça önemlidir. Bir ayda yaklaşık olarak toplam nüfusun 4 katı kadar insan ulaşım hizmetlerinden faydalanmaktadır. Araştırmada toplu taşıma ulaşım hizmetlerinin nasıl sağlandığı da tespit edilerek ortaya konulmuştur. Belediye otobüsleri kent içi ulaşımda, özel halk otobüsleri kadar etkili olmasa da, kırsal alanlarla olan ulaşımda oldukça önemlidir. Kahramanmaraş Büyükşehir Belediyesi, toplamda 31 farklı sefer ile kırsal alanlara ulaşım hizmeti götürmektedir. Buralara sunduğu hizmet ile otobüsler, kâr değil aksine zarar etmektedir. Kırsal alanlara olan seferlerin hepsinde otobüslerin yolcu geliri, mazot giderini karşılamamaktadır. Bu açıdan düşünüldüğünde, Kahramanmaraş Büyükşehir Belediyesi'nin, kırsal alanlara sunduğu ulaşım hizmetinin kârlılığından çok, vatandaşların bu hizmetten en iyi şekilde yararlanmasını istediğini, kâr amacıyla değil, hizmet amacıyla ulaşım hizmetlerini sunduğunu görmekteyiz. Bu araştırmanın asıl amacı ise, Kahramanmaraş'ta yaşayan insanların Kahramanmaraş Büyükşehir Belediyesi tarafından sunulan ulaşım hizmetleri ile alakalı memnuniyet algılarını tespit etmektir. Bu amaçla, Kahramanmaraş'ta 400 kişiye anket form uygulanmıştır. Anket formu SPSS programı ile analiz edilerek sonuçlara ulaşılmıştır. Kahramanmaraş Büyükşehir Belediyesi'nin sunmuş olduğu ulaşım hizmetlerine duyulan memnuniyeti ölçtüğümüz ankette, vatandaşların %76 gibi önemli bir oranla, sunulan ulaşım hizmetlerinden memnun olduğu sonucu çıkmıştır. %24 ile "Hayır" cevabını veren vatandaşların birçoğu belediye otobüslerinin sefer sıkıntısı olduğundan hayır dediğini, geriye kalanlar ise ücret çokluğu ve mesafe uzunluğundan "Hayır" dediğini belirtmiştir. Gerek cinsiyet gerekse de meslekleri itibariyle insanların memnuniyetleri arasında ciddi bir fark saptanamamıştır. İnsanların hem yolculuk süresi hem de yolculuk amaçları yönünden de memnuniyet durumları arasında da bir fark gözlenememiştir. Yani bu sonuçlarla Kahramanmaraş Büyükşehir Belediyesi'nin sunduğu ulaşım hizmetlerinin halk nazarında oldukça benimsendiği ve hizmetlerden son derece memnun kalındığı görülmüştür. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ulaşım Hizmetleri, Kent içi Ulaşım, Ulaşım Politikaları, Ulaşım Planı, Büyükşehir Belediyeleri
Migration from rural to urban areas in the last fifty years has caused many changes in the structure of cities. Kahramanmaraş is one of the cities affected by these migrations. The population of Kahramanmaraş increased rapidly, especially after the 1970s. According to the population data of 2018, Kahramanmaraş's population reached 1,054,210. In order to establish a metropolitan municipality in our country, the minimum population of a city must be larger than 750,000. Kahramanmaraş was accorded the metropolitan status in 2014 with the Law No. 6360 dated 2012 as a result of Kahramanmaraş's population exceeding this number. After Law No. 6360, Kahramanmaraş Metropolitan Municipality started to provide transportation services to many places including rural settlements. Kahramanmaraş Metropolitan Municipality provides transportation services by utilizing municipal buses and 34 different lines in rural and urban areas, and Private Public Buses with 47 lines in coordination with UKOME. In Kahramanmaraş, transportation vehicles cover a distance of more than 2 million kilometers in a month approximately, and transport 4.5 million passengers monthly with these bus services. This number is very important. Approximately 4 times the total population make use of these transportation services in a month. How transportation services are provided was also revealed in the research. Although municipal buses are not as effective as private public buses in urban transportation, they are very important for transportation to rural areas. Kahramanmaraş Metropolitan Municipality provides transportation services to rural areas with a total of 31 different trips. With the service provided to rural areas, buses make a loss in contrast to make a profit. Passenger incomes of buses are not able to cover diesel fuel in all trips to rural areas. When viewed from this aspect, it can be seen that Kahramanmaraş Metropolitan Municipality wants the citizens to make use of this service rather than the profitability of the transportation service provided to rural areas, and it executes public transport services for the sake of people, not for profit. The main purpose of this research is detecting the satisfaction of the people living in Kahramanmaraş with the transportation services provided by Kahramanmaraş Metropolitan Municipality. Fort his purpose, Questionnaire Form was applied to 400 people in Kahramanmaraş. We came through by analysing the Questionnaire form with SPSS programme. In the survey where we measured the satisfaction of the transportation services provided by the Kahramanmaraş Metropolitan Municipality, it was found that 76% of the citizens were satisfied with the transportation services. Many of the citizens who gave an answer "Dissatisfied" (24%) stated that they were dissatisfied because of the shortage of municipal buses and the rest stated that they were dissatisfied because of the fees and the length of the distance. There was no significant difference among the satisfaction of people in terms of both gender and occupation. There was also no difference among the satisfaction of people's both journey time and journey purposes. So with these results, it has been detected that transportation services provided by Kahramanmaraş Metropolitan Municipality are accepted by people. Keywords: transportation services, Urban Traspostation, Transport policy, Traspostation Plan, metropolitan municipalities
Migration from rural to urban areas in the last fifty years has caused many changes in the structure of cities. Kahramanmaraş is one of the cities affected by these migrations. The population of Kahramanmaraş increased rapidly, especially after the 1970s. According to the population data of 2018, Kahramanmaraş's population reached 1,054,210. In order to establish a metropolitan municipality in our country, the minimum population of a city must be larger than 750,000. Kahramanmaraş was accorded the metropolitan status in 2014 with the Law No. 6360 dated 2012 as a result of Kahramanmaraş's population exceeding this number. After Law No. 6360, Kahramanmaraş Metropolitan Municipality started to provide transportation services to many places including rural settlements. Kahramanmaraş Metropolitan Municipality provides transportation services by utilizing municipal buses and 34 different lines in rural and urban areas, and Private Public Buses with 47 lines in coordination with UKOME. In Kahramanmaraş, transportation vehicles cover a distance of more than 2 million kilometers in a month approximately, and transport 4.5 million passengers monthly with these bus services. This number is very important. Approximately 4 times the total population make use of these transportation services in a month. How transportation services are provided was also revealed in the research. Although municipal buses are not as effective as private public buses in urban transportation, they are very important for transportation to rural areas. Kahramanmaraş Metropolitan Municipality provides transportation services to rural areas with a total of 31 different trips. With the service provided to rural areas, buses make a loss in contrast to make a profit. Passenger incomes of buses are not able to cover diesel fuel in all trips to rural areas. When viewed from this aspect, it can be seen that Kahramanmaraş Metropolitan Municipality wants the citizens to make use of this service rather than the profitability of the transportation service provided to rural areas, and it executes public transport services for the sake of people, not for profit. The main purpose of this research is detecting the satisfaction of the people living in Kahramanmaraş with the transportation services provided by Kahramanmaraş Metropolitan Municipality. Fort his purpose, Questionnaire Form was applied to 400 people in Kahramanmaraş. We came through by analysing the Questionnaire form with SPSS programme. In the survey where we measured the satisfaction of the transportation services provided by the Kahramanmaraş Metropolitan Municipality, it was found that 76% of the citizens were satisfied with the transportation services. Many of the citizens who gave an answer "Dissatisfied" (24%) stated that they were dissatisfied because of the shortage of municipal buses and the rest stated that they were dissatisfied because of the fees and the length of the distance. There was no significant difference among the satisfaction of people in terms of both gender and occupation. There was also no difference among the satisfaction of people's both journey time and journey purposes. So with these results, it has been detected that transportation services provided by Kahramanmaraş Metropolitan Municipality are accepted by people. Keywords: transportation services, Urban Traspostation, Transport policy, Traspostation Plan, metropolitan municipalities
Açıklama
Anahtar Kelimeler
Ulaşım, Transportation
