Dersim'de sosyal yapının tarihî arka planı (XVI.-XVIII. yüzyıllar)
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2018
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışmanın amacı Cumhuriyet tarihi içinde yer alan Tunceli'nin, tarihî arka plânını Osmanlı tarihi içinde araştırarak, günümüzdeki sosyal yapının oluşmasında etkili olan unsurları tespit etmektir. Bu doğrultuda Osmanlı klasik döneminde 16. ve 18. yüzyıllar arasında meydana gelen siyasi ve sosyal olaylar, dönemin arşiv belgelerinde ve birinci el kaynaklarında tespit edilerek, bu olayların Dersim'de sosyal yapının oluşmasındaki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Ayrıca bölge üzerine yazılmış tetkik eserler ve yöre insanının bellekleri de yararlanılan kaynaklar arasındadır. Coğrafyanın da etkili olduğu Dersim'de, 16-18.yy. aralığındaki adıyla 'Çemişgezek Ülkesi'nde bu zaman diliminde meydana gelen savaşlar, isyanlar, göçler ve iki farklı karakterdeki devletin (Osmanlı-Safevi) politikalarına karşı gösterilen refleksler Dersim'in ovalık ve dağlık bölgelerine farklı sirayet etmiştir. Ovalık bölgelerde zamanla Osmanlı Devleti'nin hâkimiyeti tanınıp, Sünnî iktidarla uyumlu hareket etmeye başlanılmışken, dağlık bölgelerde yüzyıllar boyunca Kızılbaş kültürünün hâkim olduğu bir sosyal yapı oluşmuştur. Bu sosyal yapının harcı ise kan bağına dayalı asabiye geleneğinin ve ikrar bağına dayalı ocak yapılanmasının üzerine bina edildiği 'aile'dir. Toplumun en küçük yapısı aile temeli üzerine inşa edilen bu sosyal yapı, aşiret geleneğiyle dikey ve ocak yapılanmasıyla da yatay olarak büyük aile olan toplumu birbiriyle tıpkı bir duvar gibi örmüş; kendi içine kapanmış, otoriteyi temsil eden devlete karşı kendi içinde bir hukuk ve ortak hafıza geliştirmiştir. Dolayısıyla Osmanlı döneminin 16.-18. yüzyıl aralığında İç Dersim'de teşekkül eden bu sosyal yapı yüzyıllarca ayakta kalmış ve 21.yüzyıl Cumhuriyet dönemine intikal etmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Çemişgezek, Dersim, Kızılbaş, sosyal yapı, aşiret ve ocak
The purpose of this study is to investigate the historical background in the Ottoman history of Tunceli which takes place in the history of the Turkish Republic and to identify the elements that are effective in the formation of the present social structure. In this direction, the political and social events that took place in the Ottoman classical period between the 16.-18 centuries were determined in archival documents and the first hand sources of the period and their effects on the formation of social structure in Dersim were investigated. In addition, research works about the region and the memories of the local people are among the used sources. In Dersim where geography is also effective, the wars, rebellions, immigrations and reflexes against the politics of the state that has two different characteristics (Ottoman and Safavid) has spread to the plain and mountainous regions of Dersim, which was called in between "Çemişgezek Country" 16th and 18thcentury. As time went on, while in the plain regions the rule of the Ottoman Empire was acknowledged and they played along with the Sunnite power, in the mountainous regions Qizilbash social became dominant where they were prevailing for centuries. The ground of this social structure is the "family" which has built on the Assabiyyah tradition that is based on kindredship and seedbed settlements that is based on admission bond. This social structure which is formed around the family, the smallest structure of the society, has closed itself up by constructing the society like a wall with each other vertically with its tribal settlement and horizontally with its seedbed settlements and led to the development of a law and collective memory in itself against the state that is representing the authority.Therefore, this social structure formed in Internal Dersim during the 16th and 18thcenturies of the Ottoman era has survived for many centuries and has passed into the Republican period of the 21st century. Key Words: Çemişgezek, Dersim, Qizilbash, social structure, tribe and seedbed, family
The purpose of this study is to investigate the historical background in the Ottoman history of Tunceli which takes place in the history of the Turkish Republic and to identify the elements that are effective in the formation of the present social structure. In this direction, the political and social events that took place in the Ottoman classical period between the 16.-18 centuries were determined in archival documents and the first hand sources of the period and their effects on the formation of social structure in Dersim were investigated. In addition, research works about the region and the memories of the local people are among the used sources. In Dersim where geography is also effective, the wars, rebellions, immigrations and reflexes against the politics of the state that has two different characteristics (Ottoman and Safavid) has spread to the plain and mountainous regions of Dersim, which was called in between "Çemişgezek Country" 16th and 18thcentury. As time went on, while in the plain regions the rule of the Ottoman Empire was acknowledged and they played along with the Sunnite power, in the mountainous regions Qizilbash social became dominant where they were prevailing for centuries. The ground of this social structure is the "family" which has built on the Assabiyyah tradition that is based on kindredship and seedbed settlements that is based on admission bond. This social structure which is formed around the family, the smallest structure of the society, has closed itself up by constructing the society like a wall with each other vertically with its tribal settlement and horizontally with its seedbed settlements and led to the development of a law and collective memory in itself against the state that is representing the authority.Therefore, this social structure formed in Internal Dersim during the 16th and 18thcenturies of the Ottoman era has survived for many centuries and has passed into the Republican period of the 21st century. Key Words: Çemişgezek, Dersim, Qizilbash, social structure, tribe and seedbed, family
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