İbn Haldun ve Oswald Spengler'in tarih felsefesi anlayışları
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Date
2018
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Kırıkkale Üniversitesi
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info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, Tarih metafizikleri konusundan yola çıkarak, Antikçağda başlayan döngücü tarih tasarımının, Ortaçağ'da çizgisel tarih tasarımına dönüşmesi ele alınmıştır. Ayrıca Rönesans ile birlikte tarih algısının başka bir boyuta geçişi irdelenmiştir. Özellikle Batı dünyasında ve İslam dünyasında Tarih felsefesine katkıda bulunan düşünürlerin fikirlerine de yer verilmiştir. Tarih felsefesine fikirleriyle katkıda bulunan İslam dünyasının önemli düşünürü İbn Haldun'un "Mukaddime" adlı eseri incelenmiştir. Asabiyet kavramı ve umran ilmi kavramı üzerinde durulmuştur. İbn Haldun toplumlar arasındaki farklılıkların yaşayış biçimlerinden kaynaklandığını ifade etmektedir. İbn Haldun toplumu organizmaya benzetmektedir. Toplumların büyüyüp gelişip birgün öleceğini ifade eder. İbn Haldun toplumu ayakta tutan gücün milli birlik ve beraberlik olduğunu belirtmiştir. Batı dünyasının önemli düşünürü Oswald Spengler'in "Batının Çöküşü" adlı eseri incelenip fikirleri ele alınmıştır. Spengler, Batı dünyasının fonksiyonel yapısının zamanla bozulduğunu ifade etmiştir. Oswald Spengler, Batı dünyasını organizmacı bir yaklaşımla ele almış ve toplumun canlı bir organizma gibi bir gün yok olacağını ifade etmiştir. İnsan toplumsal bir varlık olduğu için yaşadığı toplumun şartlarından etkilenmektedir. Bunun neticesinde görüşleri ele alınan İbn Haldun ve Oswald Spengler'in yaşadıkları dönemin, fikirlerini oluşturmakta önemli bir etken olduğu görülmektedir. Bu iki önemli düşünürün yaşadıkları döneme bağlı olarak oluşturdukları düşünceler bağlamında, görüşlerindeki benzerlikler ve farklılıklar çalışmanın ana konusudur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Tarih Felsefesi, İbn Haldun, Oswald Spengler, Kültür, Organizma.
In this study, starting from the subject of history metaphysics, the transformation of the history of the revolutionary history, which started from the Antiquity, into the design of the linear history in the middle ages. In addition, the transition of history perception to another dimension was examined along with Renaissance. Particularly in the western world and in the Islamic world, ideas of thinkers contributed to philosophy of history. The most important philosopher of the Muslim World, Ibn Khaldun whose ideas contributed to the History Philosophy is dealt through is work Mugaddimah. It focuses on the notions of Asabiyya and Umran discipline. Ibn Khaldun believes that the different life styles accounts for the difference in societies. Ibn Khaldun likens society to organism. Expresses that societies will grow and develop and die one day. Ibn Khaldun has stated that the power that keeps society alive is national unity and solidarity. The most important philosopher of the West World Oswald Spengler. "The Collapse at the West" and "Human and Technical", his works were examined and his ideas were discudded. Spengler say that the functional structure of the Western World has deteriorated over time. He treated the Western World with an organismal approach. He says it will be destroyed like a living organism. Human is influnced by the conditions of the society in which it lives because it is an social entity, the views of Ibn Khaldun and Oswald Spengler seem to be an important factor informing the idea of the times when they lived. The similarities and differences between the views of these two important thinkers in relation to their survival were also included in the study. Keywords: History Philosophy, Ibn Khaldun, Oswald Spengler, Culture, Organism.
In this study, starting from the subject of history metaphysics, the transformation of the history of the revolutionary history, which started from the Antiquity, into the design of the linear history in the middle ages. In addition, the transition of history perception to another dimension was examined along with Renaissance. Particularly in the western world and in the Islamic world, ideas of thinkers contributed to philosophy of history. The most important philosopher of the Muslim World, Ibn Khaldun whose ideas contributed to the History Philosophy is dealt through is work Mugaddimah. It focuses on the notions of Asabiyya and Umran discipline. Ibn Khaldun believes that the different life styles accounts for the difference in societies. Ibn Khaldun likens society to organism. Expresses that societies will grow and develop and die one day. Ibn Khaldun has stated that the power that keeps society alive is national unity and solidarity. The most important philosopher of the West World Oswald Spengler. "The Collapse at the West" and "Human and Technical", his works were examined and his ideas were discudded. Spengler say that the functional structure of the Western World has deteriorated over time. He treated the Western World with an organismal approach. He says it will be destroyed like a living organism. Human is influnced by the conditions of the society in which it lives because it is an social entity, the views of Ibn Khaldun and Oswald Spengler seem to be an important factor informing the idea of the times when they lived. The similarities and differences between the views of these two important thinkers in relation to their survival were also included in the study. Keywords: History Philosophy, Ibn Khaldun, Oswald Spengler, Culture, Organism.
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Felsefe, Philosophy, , , , , ,
