Sosyal değişme bağlamında askeri ihtilallerin toplumsal sebep ve sonuçlarının değerlendirilmesi (Türkiye 1960 ve 1980 Askeri İhtilalleri örneği)
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Dosyalar
Tarih
2010
Yazarlar
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Yayıncı
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışma ile Türkiye'de gerçekleşen 27 Mayıs 1960 ve 12 Eylül 1980 askeri ihtilalleri ilebu iki ihtilalin, Türk toplumunda gerçekleştirdiği sosyal-kültürel, ekonomik, siyasal değişime etkisini ve sosyolojik olarak karşılaştırmalı bir değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Çalışmada Toplumsal değişim makro ve mikro boyutta, kurumlar bazında değerlendirilmiştir.Türkiye'de toplumsal değişim, tarihsel olarak Türk toplumuna özgü nedenlerden dolayı, diğer toplumlardan farklı gelişmektedir. Toplumsal değişim ülke seçkinleri yönetiminde tabandan değil tepeden, tabansız ve müdahale yoluyla gerçekleşmektedir. Bu süreçte iki önemli askeri müdahale olan 27 Mayıs 1960 ve 12 Eylül 1980 askeri müdahaleleri bu duruma en iyi örnektir. Ülke, tarihsel rol ve statüsünden aldığı güç ve prestij ile seçkinci tabakasının en önemli aktörü olan askerlerin müdahalesine uğramıştır. Ancak gerçekleştirilen müdahalelerden en çok etkilenen halk olmuş ve gerçekleştirilmeye çalışılan toplumsal değişim sancılı geçmiştir.12 Eylül ve 27 Mayıs askeri müdahaleleri sonuçları bakımından benzer özelikler gösterse de 12 Eylül askeri müdahalesinin sosyal, kültürel, ekonomik ve siyasi sonuçları toplum üzerindeki tahribatı daha yüksek olmuştur.1980 sonrası süreçte toplumsal değişim yönlendirmeli, derin ve geri dönülmez yeni bir aşamaya geçmiş, ülke her boyutta dış faktörlere bağımlı hale gelmiştir. Toplumsal değişim yeni bir boyuta geçmiştir.Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin kuruluşundan itibaren gerçekleştirilmeye çalışılan toplumsal değişim, 27 Mayıs 1960 askeri müdahalesi ile desteklenmiş ve 12 Eylül 1980 müdahalesi ile sosyal değişim sürecinde önemli bir atılım gerçekleştirilmiştir.
With this study, a sociologically comparative evaluation of 27 May 1960 and 12 September 1980 military coups in Turkey and their effects on socio-cultural, economic and political changes in Turkish society has been made. In the study, the social change has been evaluated within macro and micro dimensions on the basis of institutions.The social change in Turkey develops in a more different way than other societies because of reasons which are historically special to Turkish society. The social change happens not from the base but from the top within the administration of the country?s elites and by interference without sole. In this period, two significant military coups, 27 May 1960 and 12 September 1980 military interferences are good examples of this situation. These two interferences have been interfered by the elite layer of the country from the point of historical role and social status. However, the public was the part of the society which was affected by the interferences most and the social change which had been tried to be carried out has been torminous.Although 27 May 1960 and 12 September 1980 military coups depict similarities as from their results; social, cultural, economic and political results of 12 September 1980 military coup has had a greater depredation on the society.In the period after 1980, the social change has come to a directive, deep and irrevocable degree and the country has become dependent on the external factors from all aspects. The social change has come to a new dimension.The social change which had been tried to be performed since the foundation of Turkish Republic, was supported by 27 May 1960 military coup and an important development in the process of social change was actualised by 12 September 1980 military interference.
With this study, a sociologically comparative evaluation of 27 May 1960 and 12 September 1980 military coups in Turkey and their effects on socio-cultural, economic and political changes in Turkish society has been made. In the study, the social change has been evaluated within macro and micro dimensions on the basis of institutions.The social change in Turkey develops in a more different way than other societies because of reasons which are historically special to Turkish society. The social change happens not from the base but from the top within the administration of the country?s elites and by interference without sole. In this period, two significant military coups, 27 May 1960 and 12 September 1980 military interferences are good examples of this situation. These two interferences have been interfered by the elite layer of the country from the point of historical role and social status. However, the public was the part of the society which was affected by the interferences most and the social change which had been tried to be carried out has been torminous.Although 27 May 1960 and 12 September 1980 military coups depict similarities as from their results; social, cultural, economic and political results of 12 September 1980 military coup has had a greater depredation on the society.In the period after 1980, the social change has come to a directive, deep and irrevocable degree and the country has become dependent on the external factors from all aspects. The social change has come to a new dimension.The social change which had been tried to be performed since the foundation of Turkish Republic, was supported by 27 May 1960 military coup and an important development in the process of social change was actualised by 12 September 1980 military interference.
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Sosyoloji, Sociology, , , , , , , ,
