Bireylerin sağlığa ilişkin algılarının informal ödeme tutumlarına etkisi
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Tarih
2024
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışma, bireylerin sağlığa ilişkin algılarının informal ödemeleri yapmaya yönelten unsurlarına ve informal ödeme tutumlarına etkilerini araştırmayı amaçlayan kesitsel tipte nicel bir araştırmadır. Araştırmanın evrenini Hatay'da yaşayan 18 yaş ve üzeri yetişkin bireyler oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada basit tesadüfi örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmış, gönüllülük esas alınarak 400 bireye anket yöntemi uygulanmıştır. Araştırmada veri toplama araçları olarak; kişisel bilgi formu, Sağlık Algısı Ölçeği, İnformal Ödeme Yapmaya Yönelten Unsurları Belirlemeye Yönelik Ölçek ve İnformal Ödemelere Yönelik Tutumu Belirlemeye Yönelik Ölçek kullanılmıştır. Sonuçların elde edilmesinde tanımlayıcı analizler, güvenirlik analizi, normallik testleri, bağımsız örneklem t-testi, Pearson korelasyon analizi, doğrusal regresyon ve tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA) kullanılmıştır. Yapılan analiz sonuçlarındaki farklılığı belirlemek için Post-Hoc. çoklu karşılaştırma testlerinden biri olan Tukey-HSD testinden faydalanılmıştır. Sağlık Algısı Ölçeği puan ortalamalarının (ort:50,09 Min:32-Max:72), İnformal Ödeme Yapmaya Yönelten Unsurları Belirlemeye Yönelik Ölçek puan ortalamalarının (ort:2,5 Min1-Max:4,94) ve İnformal Ödemelere Yönelik Tutumu Belirlemeye Yönelik Ölçek puan ortalamalarının (ort:2,93 Min:1,94-Max:4,25) orta düzeyde olduğu araştırma sonuçlarından görülmektedir. İnformal ödemeleri yapmaya yönelten unsurların, informal ödemelere yönelik tutumun ve bireylerin sağlık algılarının; demografik özellikler ve informal ödeme ile ilgili görüşlerine göre anlamlı farklılık gösterdiği belirlenmiştir (p<0,05). İnformal ödemeleri yapmaya yönelten unsurlar, informal ödemelere yönelik tutum ve bireylerin sağlık algıları arasında anlamlı ilişkiler olduğu bulunmuştur (p<0,05). İnformal ödemeleri yapmaya yönelten unsurların arttırılmasıyla informal ödemelere yönelik tutumun da artacağı; bireylerde sağlık algısının arttırılması ile informal ödemeleri yapmaya yönelten unsurların azalacağı tespit edilmiştir. Bireylerin sağlık algılarının informal ödemeleri yapmaya yönelten unsurların %8'ini anlamlı olarak açıkladığı; sağlık algısının kontrol merkezi alt boyutunun bireylerde informal ödeme yapmaya yönelten unsurları negatif yönde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Bireylerin sağlık algılarının informal ödemelere yönelik tutumların %5,4'ünü anlamlı olarak açıkladığı; sağlık algısının kontrol merkezi alt boyutunun bireylerde informal ödemelere yönelik tutumları negatif yönde; sağlığın önemi alt boyutunun ise bireylerde informal ödemelere yönelik tutumları pozitif yönde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde etkilediği görülmektedir. Bireylerin bir kısmı; informal ödemenin yasaya aykırı, etik dışı, ahlaki açıdan yanlış, yolsuzlukla eşdeğer olduğunu ve mesleki yozlaşmaya neden olacağını düşünürken; bir kısmı da hızlı ve kaliteli hizmet almak, sıra beklememek, tanınmış bir doktora muayene olmak, özel ilgi görmek ve sağlık hizmetini tam olarak alamamaktan korktukları için informal ödemeye başvurduklarını belirtmişlerdir. Bireyleri bu tür ödeme yapmaya yönelten sağlık algılarının değiştirilmesi ve alınacak sağlık politikası önlemleriyle birlikte informal ödemelerin azalacağı düşünülmektedir.
This study is a cross-sectional quantitative research that aims to investigate the effects on the factors that lead them to make informal payments and their informal payment attitudes of individuals' health-related perceptions. The population of the research consists of adult individuals aged 18 and over who live in Hatay. Simple random sampling method was used in the research, the survey method was applied to 400 individual on a voluntary basis. As data collection tools in the research; personal information form, Health Perception Scale, Scale for Determining the Factors That Lead to Making Informal Payments and Scale for Determining Attitudes towards Informal Payments were used. Descriptive analyses, reliability analysis, normality tests, independent samples t-test, Pearson correlation analysis, linear regression and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to obtain the results. The Tukey- HSD test, one of the post-hoc multiple comparison tests, was used to determine differences in the analysis results. It can be seen from the research results that the average score of the Health Perception Scale mean scores (ort:50,09 Min:32-Max:72), Scale for Determining the Factors That Lead to Making Informal Payments mean scores (mean:2,5 Min1-Max:4,94) and Scale for Determining Attitudes Towards Informal Payments are (mean: 2.93, Min: 1.94-Max: 4.25) at a medium level. Factors that lead to making informal payments, attitudes towards informal payments and individuals' health perceptions; it was determined that there was a significant difference according to demographic characteristics and their opinions about informal payment (p <0.05). It was found that there were significant relationships between the factors that led to making informal payments, attitudes towards informal payments, and individuals' health perceptions (p<0.05). As the factors that lead to informal payments increase, the attitude towards informal payments will also increase; it has been determined that by increasing the perception of health in individuals, the factors that lead them to make informal payments will decrease. vi Individuals' health perceptions significantly explained 8% of the factors that lead to making informal payments; it was determined that the control center sub-dimension of health perception negatively affected the factors that lead to making informal payments in a statistically significant way. Individuals' health perceptions significantly explained 5.4% of attitudes towards informal payments; the control center sub-dimension of health perception negatively affects individuals' attitudes towards informal payments; it is seen that the importance of health sub-dimension positively affected individuals' attitudes towards informal payments in a statistically significant way. Some of the individuals; consider that informal payment is unlawful, unethical, morally wrong, tantamount to corruption and will lead to professional corruption; some of them stated that they resorted to informal payments because they wanted to receive fast and quality service, not to wait in line, to be examined by a well-known doctor, to receive special attention, and because they were afraid of not receiving full healthcare. It is thought that informal payments will decrease with the changing of health perceptions that lead individuals to make such payments and the health policy measures to be taken.
This study is a cross-sectional quantitative research that aims to investigate the effects on the factors that lead them to make informal payments and their informal payment attitudes of individuals' health-related perceptions. The population of the research consists of adult individuals aged 18 and over who live in Hatay. Simple random sampling method was used in the research, the survey method was applied to 400 individual on a voluntary basis. As data collection tools in the research; personal information form, Health Perception Scale, Scale for Determining the Factors That Lead to Making Informal Payments and Scale for Determining Attitudes towards Informal Payments were used. Descriptive analyses, reliability analysis, normality tests, independent samples t-test, Pearson correlation analysis, linear regression and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to obtain the results. The Tukey- HSD test, one of the post-hoc multiple comparison tests, was used to determine differences in the analysis results. It can be seen from the research results that the average score of the Health Perception Scale mean scores (ort:50,09 Min:32-Max:72), Scale for Determining the Factors That Lead to Making Informal Payments mean scores (mean:2,5 Min1-Max:4,94) and Scale for Determining Attitudes Towards Informal Payments are (mean: 2.93, Min: 1.94-Max: 4.25) at a medium level. Factors that lead to making informal payments, attitudes towards informal payments and individuals' health perceptions; it was determined that there was a significant difference according to demographic characteristics and their opinions about informal payment (p <0.05). It was found that there were significant relationships between the factors that led to making informal payments, attitudes towards informal payments, and individuals' health perceptions (p<0.05). As the factors that lead to informal payments increase, the attitude towards informal payments will also increase; it has been determined that by increasing the perception of health in individuals, the factors that lead them to make informal payments will decrease. vi Individuals' health perceptions significantly explained 8% of the factors that lead to making informal payments; it was determined that the control center sub-dimension of health perception negatively affected the factors that lead to making informal payments in a statistically significant way. Individuals' health perceptions significantly explained 5.4% of attitudes towards informal payments; the control center sub-dimension of health perception negatively affects individuals' attitudes towards informal payments; it is seen that the importance of health sub-dimension positively affected individuals' attitudes towards informal payments in a statistically significant way. Some of the individuals; consider that informal payment is unlawful, unethical, morally wrong, tantamount to corruption and will lead to professional corruption; some of them stated that they resorted to informal payments because they wanted to receive fast and quality service, not to wait in line, to be examined by a well-known doctor, to receive special attention, and because they were afraid of not receiving full healthcare. It is thought that informal payments will decrease with the changing of health perceptions that lead individuals to make such payments and the health policy measures to be taken.
Açıklama
Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Sağlık Yönetimi Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Sağlık Yönetimi, Healthcare Management
