Frankfurt okulu bağlamında aydınlanma eleştirisi
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Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Bu çalışma ile 18. yüzyılda Avrupa'da ortaya çıkan felsefi ve toplumsal bir hareket olan Aydınlanma'nın özellikle muhafazakarlar, romantikler ve çeşitli kıta Avrupası düşünürlerinin araçsal akılcılık, natüralizm ve bilimcilik nedeniyle ciddi bir eleştirisi olarak başlayan Aydınlanma eleştirisinin Frankfurt Okulu bağlamında ortaya konulması amaçlanmış ve çalışmanın ilk bölümünde aydınlanma, ikinci bölümünde Frankfurt Okulu, üçüncü bölümünde ise okulun geliştirdiği eleştiriler hakkında detaylı bilgi verilmiştir. Aydınlanma, inşa etmeye çalıştığı yeni dünyada mutlak hümanizm ve insan davranışının tek rehberinin düşünce olduğuna ve düşüncenin gelenekten veya herhangi bir dini kaynağın veya kendisinin haricinde diğer kaynaktan yardım almayan akıl olduğunun inancıyla önce İtalya'nın kuzeyinde, ardından İngiltere ve Hollanda gibi Avrupa ülkelerinde ilerleme fikri yavaş yavaş kök salar ve kısa sürede yaygınlaşır. Eleştirel Teori ya da bir diğer adıyla Frankfurt Okulu, üyeleri arasındaki temel görüş farklılıklarına rağmen, ortak fikir birliği "eleştirel teori" anlayışına dayan, 1923 yılında farklı disiplinlerden düşünür ve bilim adamları tarafından Almanya'da kurulan ve 20. yy dünyasında yaşanan olumsuzluk ve savaşlar doğrultusunda ortaya çıkan bir sosyal araştırma kurumudur. Sosyal bilimlerin son 20 yılında özellikle antropoloji, ekonomi, sosyoloji gibi alanlarda Marksist düşüncenin gelişimini sağlayan ve temel ilgi alanlarına çok yakın bir yol izleyen okul orijinal formuyla sosyolojik veya Marksist bir okul olarak son bulmuştur. Okulun; felsefe, siyaset, psikanaliz, müzik, estetik gibi farklı disiplinlerde çalışmalar yaparken genellikle araştırmalarına eleştirel bir perspektiften bakmaya çalışması bağlamında Aydınlanmaya yönelik eleştirileri dikkat çekmektedir. Aydınlanma eleştirisi daha önceki dönemlerde başlamasına karşın en ciddi ve en sağlam eleştiri Horkheimer, Adorno, Habermas ve Marcuse gibi Frankfurt okulu üyelerince yapıldığı görülmektedir. Özetle Aydınlanmanın temel bir öncülü olan eski dünya hurafelerinin, geleneklerinin ve kadim inançların üstesinden gelinmesi ve kökünün kazınması söylemidir; bu fikrin mit haline geldiği, eleştirdiği ve ortadan kaldırmayı amaçladığı olgu kadardır ve Aydınlanma amacından sapmıştır. Anahtar kelimeler: Aydınlanma, Aydınlanma eleştirisi, Eleştirel Teori, Frankfurt Okulu.
With this study, it is aimed to present the Enlightenment criticism, which started as a serious criticism of the Enlightenment, which is a philosophical and social movement that emerged in Europe in the 18th century, especially by conservatives, romantics and various continental European thinkers, due to instrumental rationality, naturalism and scientism, in the context of the Frankfurt School. In the first part of the study, detailed information is given about enlightenment, in the second part about the Frankfurt School, and in the third part about the criticisms developed by the school. The Enlightenment, believing that thought is the only guide of absolute humanism and human behavior in the new world it is trying to build, and that thought is the mind that does not get help from tradition or any religious source or any other source other than itself, the idea of progress was slow, first in the north of Italy and then in European countries such as England and the Netherlands. takes root slowly and spreads in a short time. Critical Theory, also known as the Frankfurt School, is based on the common consensus "critical theory", despite the fundamental differences among its members, and was founded in 1923 by thinkers and scientists from different disciplines in Germany and in line with the negativities and wars experienced in the 20th century world. It is an emerging social research institution. In the last 20 years of social sciences, the school, which provided the development of Marxist thought especially in fields such as anthropology, economics, and sociology, and followed a path very close to its main interests, ended as a sociological or Marxist school in its original form. your school; While working in different disciplines such as philosophy, politics, psychoanalysis, music, aesthetics, his criticism of the Enlightenment draws attention in the context of trying to look at his research from a critical perspective. Although the criticism of the Enlightenment began in earlier periods, it is seen that the most serious and sound criticism was made by members of the Frankfurt school such as Horkheimer, Adorno, Habermas and Marcuse. In short, it is a discourse of overcoming and uprooting old-world superstitions, traditions, and ancient beliefs, a fundamental premise of the Enlightenment; It is as much as the fact that this idea has become a myth, criticizes and aims to destroy, and it has deviated from the purpose of Enlightenment. Key Words: Enlightenment, Enlightenment critique, Critical Theory, Frankfurt School.
With this study, it is aimed to present the Enlightenment criticism, which started as a serious criticism of the Enlightenment, which is a philosophical and social movement that emerged in Europe in the 18th century, especially by conservatives, romantics and various continental European thinkers, due to instrumental rationality, naturalism and scientism, in the context of the Frankfurt School. In the first part of the study, detailed information is given about enlightenment, in the second part about the Frankfurt School, and in the third part about the criticisms developed by the school. The Enlightenment, believing that thought is the only guide of absolute humanism and human behavior in the new world it is trying to build, and that thought is the mind that does not get help from tradition or any religious source or any other source other than itself, the idea of progress was slow, first in the north of Italy and then in European countries such as England and the Netherlands. takes root slowly and spreads in a short time. Critical Theory, also known as the Frankfurt School, is based on the common consensus "critical theory", despite the fundamental differences among its members, and was founded in 1923 by thinkers and scientists from different disciplines in Germany and in line with the negativities and wars experienced in the 20th century world. It is an emerging social research institution. In the last 20 years of social sciences, the school, which provided the development of Marxist thought especially in fields such as anthropology, economics, and sociology, and followed a path very close to its main interests, ended as a sociological or Marxist school in its original form. your school; While working in different disciplines such as philosophy, politics, psychoanalysis, music, aesthetics, his criticism of the Enlightenment draws attention in the context of trying to look at his research from a critical perspective. Although the criticism of the Enlightenment began in earlier periods, it is seen that the most serious and sound criticism was made by members of the Frankfurt school such as Horkheimer, Adorno, Habermas and Marcuse. In short, it is a discourse of overcoming and uprooting old-world superstitions, traditions, and ancient beliefs, a fundamental premise of the Enlightenment; It is as much as the fact that this idea has become a myth, criticizes and aims to destroy, and it has deviated from the purpose of Enlightenment. Key Words: Enlightenment, Enlightenment critique, Critical Theory, Frankfurt School.
Açıklama
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Felsefe Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Felsefe, Philosophy, Sosyoloji
