Karşılaştırmalı tarih perspektifinden Osmanlı-Avusturya ilişkileri örneğinde modern diplomasi uygulamaları (XVIII-XIX. yüzyıllar)
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Tarih
2023
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
"Diplomasi" kavramı geçmişten günümüze kadar farklı alan ve anlamlarda kullanılmış olmakla birlikte genel olarak karşılıklı etkileşimi ifade eder. Osmanlı Devleti'nin kuruluşundan yıkılışına kadar yapısal olarak farklılaşıp bazı evrelerden geçtiği görülmektedir. Diplomasi konusu da bu farklılıklardan payına düşeni almıştır. Değişen dünya düzenine ayak uydurmaya çalışan Osmanlı Devleti bu anlamda siyasî ilişkilerine de birtakım yeni kurallar tayin ederek yön vermeye çalışmıştır. Çalışma konusu olan XVIII. ve XIX. Yüzyıllarda bu net olarak görülmektedir. Bu değişimlerin yeni dünya düzeninde ayakta kalmaya çalışan bir imparatorluğu ne denli etkilediği etraflıca tartışılarak kaleme alınmıştır. Sefaretnâmeler örneğinde de görüleceği üzere bahsi geçen dönemde diplomasi alanında yaşanan büyük kırılma yeni gelişmeleri de beraberinde getirmiştir. Zira Avrupalı devletlerin Osmanlı Devleti'ne bakışı da bu yönde şekillenmiştir. XVIII. Yüzyıl sonlarına kadar geçici elçiler ile yürütülen diplomasinin seyri 1793'te III. Selim'in Yusuf Agâh Efendi'yi Londra'ya daimî ikamet elçisi olarak göndermesiyle değişmiştir. Bu değişiklik politik yapılanmalarda da yeniliği beraberinde getirmiştir. XIX. yüzyılda Hariciye Nezareti'nin kurulup Tercüme odalarının oluşturulmasıyla birlikte Osmanlı Diplomasisinde yeni bir kırılma yaşanmaya başlamıştır. Avrupa Devletleri ve Osmanlı arasındaki ikili münasebet örnekleri üzerinden Klâsik Osmanlı Diplomasisinin Modern Diplomasiye dönüşümünü izlemek mümkündür. Tüm bunların yanı sıra tarihi bilgilere ulaşmada yol gösterici ana kaynakların, amaç, muhteva ve pek çok farklı bakımdan değişime uğradığı da görülmektedir. Bu değişimin izleri farklı yıllarda ele alınan belgelerde net olarak anlaşılmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Diplomasi, Osmanlı, Avusturya, Viyana, Maslahatgüzar, Elçilik, Sefaretnâme, Zitvatorok Antlaşması, Karlofça Antlaşması, Teşrîfat,
Although the concept of 'diplomacy' has been used in different fields and meanings from past to present, it generally refers to mutual interaction. It is seen that the Ottoman Empire differed structurally from its establishment to its collapse and passed through some phases. Diplomacy has also taken its share from these differences. The Ottoman Empire, which tried to keep up with the changing world order, tried to direct its political relations by determining some new rules. The subject of the study is XVIII. and XIX. Over the centuries, this has been clearly seen. How these changes affect an empire trying to survive in the new world order has been discussed and written in detail. As can be seen in the example of the embassy, ??the great break in the field of diplomacy in the aforementioned period brought along new developments. Because the European states' view of the Ottoman Empire was shaped in this direction. XVIII. The course of diplomacy carried out with temporary envoys until the end of the century, in 1793 III. This changed when Selim sent Yusuf Agâh Efendi to London as a permanent resident ambassador. This change has brought innovations in political structures as well. XIX. With the establishment of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the creation of Translation rooms in the 19th century, a new break was experienced in Ottoman Diplomacy and progress was made. It is possible to follow the transformation of 'Classical Ottoman Diplomacy' into Modern Diplomacy with the examples of bilateral relations between the European States and the Ottoman Empire. In addition to all these, it is seen that the main sources guiding historical information have changed in terms of purpose, content and many different aspects. The traces of this change are clearly understood in the documents handled in different years. Keywords: Diplomacy, Ottoman, Austria, Vienna, Acting Ambassodar, Embassy, Zitvatorok Treaty, Karlowitz Treaty, Hospitality procedures
Although the concept of 'diplomacy' has been used in different fields and meanings from past to present, it generally refers to mutual interaction. It is seen that the Ottoman Empire differed structurally from its establishment to its collapse and passed through some phases. Diplomacy has also taken its share from these differences. The Ottoman Empire, which tried to keep up with the changing world order, tried to direct its political relations by determining some new rules. The subject of the study is XVIII. and XIX. Over the centuries, this has been clearly seen. How these changes affect an empire trying to survive in the new world order has been discussed and written in detail. As can be seen in the example of the embassy, ??the great break in the field of diplomacy in the aforementioned period brought along new developments. Because the European states' view of the Ottoman Empire was shaped in this direction. XVIII. The course of diplomacy carried out with temporary envoys until the end of the century, in 1793 III. This changed when Selim sent Yusuf Agâh Efendi to London as a permanent resident ambassador. This change has brought innovations in political structures as well. XIX. With the establishment of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the creation of Translation rooms in the 19th century, a new break was experienced in Ottoman Diplomacy and progress was made. It is possible to follow the transformation of 'Classical Ottoman Diplomacy' into Modern Diplomacy with the examples of bilateral relations between the European States and the Ottoman Empire. In addition to all these, it is seen that the main sources guiding historical information have changed in terms of purpose, content and many different aspects. The traces of this change are clearly understood in the documents handled in different years. Keywords: Diplomacy, Ottoman, Austria, Vienna, Acting Ambassodar, Embassy, Zitvatorok Treaty, Karlowitz Treaty, Hospitality procedures
Açıklama
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Tarih Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Tarih, History
