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Date
2022
Authors
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Kırklareli Üniversitesi
Access Rights
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Abstract
İnsanoğlu, hayatını devam ettirebilmek ve ihtiyaçlarını karşılayabilmek için içinde bulunduğu toplumun yaşam şekli nispetinde çalışma hayatının içerisinde yer almıştır. Çalışma kavramı, keskin sınıfsal uçurumların bulunduğu bazı toplumlarda kölelere özgü utanç verici bir faaliyet olarak görülse de herhangi bir ekonomik teşkilatlanmanın bulunmadığı avcı-toplayıcı yaşamdan günümüzün kapitalist piyasa ekonomisine kadar bireyin yaşantısının ayrılmaz bir parçası olmuştur. Tam anlamıyla bir işçi-işveren ilişkisi Sanayi Devrimiyle birlikte başlamış ve çalışma ilişkilerinde önemli dönüşümlere neden olan sanayi çağı "en çok değişen" ve "en çok değiştiren" çağ olarak literatüre geçmiştir. Sanayi dönemi çalışma hayatı, ekonomik, toplumsal ve teknolojik gelişmelere paralel olarak günümüzde standart-dışı çalışma şekilleriyle yer değiştirmiştir. Günümüzün çalışma ilişkileri, devlet, işçi-işveren sendikaları, toplu pazarlık ve sözleşme hakkı, toplu iş uyuşmazlıkları, çıkar çatışmaları, barışçı ve müdahaleci yöntemler ile istihdam biçimlerini içine alan geniş ve kapsamlı yapıya sahiptir. İnsan Hakları Evrensel Bildirgesi, Birleşmiş Milletler Belgeleri ve ILO Sözleşmeleri gibi bağlayıcılığı bulunan uluslararası sözleşmelerin çalışma hayatının demokratikleşmesine çok büyük katkısı olmuştur. Çalışma hayatı geçmişe oranla kıyaslanamayacak bir şekilde çalışan lehine değişse de gerek özel sektörde gerekse kamu sektöründe çalışan bireylerin eşit, özgür ve onurlu yaşam hakkı elde edebilmeleri için çözüme kavuşturulması gereken birçok sorunu bulunmaktadır. Çalışmada işçi ve memurların özlük hakları karşılaştırmalı bir şekilde değerlendirilmiştir. İşçilerin ve memurların sendikal haklarının tarihsel gelişimi, Türkiye'de personel haklarının temel sorun alanları, işçi ve devlet memuru arasında personel özlük hakları, iş güvencesi, işe giriş ve kariyer süreçleri açısından farklılıklar incelenerek sonuç kısmında mevcut çalışma yapısına, çalışanların özlük haklarının ve sosyo-ekonomik haklarının iyileştirilmesine ilişkin çözüm önerilerinde bulunulmuştur. Anahtar Kelimeler: Çalışma ve İş Kavramı, İşçi, Devlet Memuru, Kariyer, Liyakat, Özlük Hakları, Sendikal Haklar, 657 Sayılı Devlet Memurları Kanunu, 4857 Sayılı İş Kanunu.
In an attempt to meet their needs, humans have participated in working life as deemed fit by the lifestyle of the society they live in. Although labor was regarded as a shameful activity performed primarily by slaves in societies structured into sharp class divides, it has always been an integral part of individuals from the period of hunter-gatherers characterized by the lack of economic organization to today's capitalist market economy. It was with the Industrial Revolution that a regulated full-fledged employer-employee relation emerged. The industrial period, which led to significant transformations in labor relations, is termed in the literature as the "most changing" and "most transforming" age. In line with the economic, social, and technological developments, the working practices of the industrial period has been replaced by today's non-standard working styles. The labor relations of today has a delicate structure involving the state, employee-employer unions, collective bargaining rights, collective labor disputes, conflicts of interest, peaceful and interventionist methods, and varying forms of employment. Binding international conventions such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the United Nations charter and the ILO Conventions have greatly contributed to the democratization of working life. Despite these large-scale developments in working life in favor of employees, there exist issues to be resolved in order for laborers employed in private as well as public sectors to lead an equal, free, and dignified lifestyle. This dissertation critically evaluates the personal rights of laborers and civil servants in Turkey. In doing so, it also addresses the historical development of union rights of laborers and civil servants, the problematic areas of personal rights in need of improvement, the differences between workers and civil servants in terms of personal rights, job security, employment and career, and concludes with suggestions to improve the present working practices, as well as the personal rights and socio-economic conditions of employees. Keywords: Labor and working, laborer, civil servant, career, merit, personal rights, union rights, Turkish Civil Servants Law No. 657, Turkish Labor Code No. 4857
In an attempt to meet their needs, humans have participated in working life as deemed fit by the lifestyle of the society they live in. Although labor was regarded as a shameful activity performed primarily by slaves in societies structured into sharp class divides, it has always been an integral part of individuals from the period of hunter-gatherers characterized by the lack of economic organization to today's capitalist market economy. It was with the Industrial Revolution that a regulated full-fledged employer-employee relation emerged. The industrial period, which led to significant transformations in labor relations, is termed in the literature as the "most changing" and "most transforming" age. In line with the economic, social, and technological developments, the working practices of the industrial period has been replaced by today's non-standard working styles. The labor relations of today has a delicate structure involving the state, employee-employer unions, collective bargaining rights, collective labor disputes, conflicts of interest, peaceful and interventionist methods, and varying forms of employment. Binding international conventions such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the United Nations charter and the ILO Conventions have greatly contributed to the democratization of working life. Despite these large-scale developments in working life in favor of employees, there exist issues to be resolved in order for laborers employed in private as well as public sectors to lead an equal, free, and dignified lifestyle. This dissertation critically evaluates the personal rights of laborers and civil servants in Turkey. In doing so, it also addresses the historical development of union rights of laborers and civil servants, the problematic areas of personal rights in need of improvement, the differences between workers and civil servants in terms of personal rights, job security, employment and career, and concludes with suggestions to improve the present working practices, as well as the personal rights and socio-economic conditions of employees. Keywords: Labor and working, laborer, civil servant, career, merit, personal rights, union rights, Turkish Civil Servants Law No. 657, Turkish Labor Code No. 4857
Description
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Çalışma Ekonomisi ve Endüstri İlişkileri Ana Bilim Dalı
Keywords
Çalışma Ekonomisi ve Endüstri İlişkileri, Labour Economics and Industrial Relations
