İttihat ve Terakki dönemi iktisadi ve mali politikaların sosyoekonomik sonuçları
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Tarih
2021
Yazarlar
Dergi Başlığı
Dergi ISSN
Cilt Başlığı
Yayıncı
Kırıkkale Üniversitesi
Erişim Hakkı
info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
Özet
Osmanlı devleti için 19. Yüzyıl her alanda hızla gelişmenin yaşandığı bir süreç olmuştur. Bu süreçte tarım ve hayvancılık sektörlerinde modern tekniklere geçilmeye çalışılırken, öte yandan geri kalmış sanayi ve ticaret canlandırılmaya çalışılmıştır. İktisadi gelişmeler için finansman sağlanamayınca bütçe açıklarını kapatmak için borçlanma yöntemleri seçilmiştir. Borç alınan kaynakların yanlış kullanılması neticesinde devlet iflasın eşiğine sürüklenmiştir. 1908 yılında Meşrutiyet'in ikinci kez ilanı ile meclis tekrar açılmış ve sultanın mutlak otoritesi sona ermiştir. 1908-1913 yılları arasında mecliste denetleyici pozisyonda olan İttihat ve Terakki Cemiyeti, 1913 sonrası tam iktidarı ele geçirmiş ve yönetimde söz sahibi olmuştur. 1908-1918 yılları arasında birçok savaş ve siyasi gelişme yaşanmasına rağmen İttihatçılar tarım, ticaret, sanayi ve maliye alanlarında gelişmeleri takip etmiştir. Savaş koşullarında bile modernleşmeden taviz verilmemiş ve bu sayede Türkiye Cumhuriyeti'nin temelleri atılmıştır. Anahtar Kelimeler: İttihat ve Terakki, Cavid Bey, Osmanlı Maliyesi, 2. Meşrutiyet
For the Ottoman Empire, the 19th century was a period of rapid growth in all areas. In this process, while trying to switch to modern techniques in the agriculture and livestock sectors, on the other hand, underdeveloped industry and trade were tried to be revived. Borrowing methods were chosen to cover the budget deficits when financing could not be provided for economic developments. As a result of the misuse of borrowed resources, the state was dragged to the brink of bankruptcy. With the second proclamation of the Constitutional Monarchy in 1908, the parliament was reopened and the sultan's absolute authority ended. The Committee of Union and Progress, which was in a supervisory position in the parliament between 1908 and 1913, took full power after 1913 and had a voice in the administration. Although there had been many wars and political developments between 1908 and 1918, the Unionists followed developments in agriculture, trade, industry and finance. Even under war conditions, modernization was not compromised and thus the foundations of the Republic of Turkey were laid.Keywords: Unıon and Progress, Mr. Cavid, Ottoman Fiscal, 2. Constitutionalism
For the Ottoman Empire, the 19th century was a period of rapid growth in all areas. In this process, while trying to switch to modern techniques in the agriculture and livestock sectors, on the other hand, underdeveloped industry and trade were tried to be revived. Borrowing methods were chosen to cover the budget deficits when financing could not be provided for economic developments. As a result of the misuse of borrowed resources, the state was dragged to the brink of bankruptcy. With the second proclamation of the Constitutional Monarchy in 1908, the parliament was reopened and the sultan's absolute authority ended. The Committee of Union and Progress, which was in a supervisory position in the parliament between 1908 and 1913, took full power after 1913 and had a voice in the administration. Although there had been many wars and political developments between 1908 and 1918, the Unionists followed developments in agriculture, trade, industry and finance. Even under war conditions, modernization was not compromised and thus the foundations of the Republic of Turkey were laid.Keywords: Unıon and Progress, Mr. Cavid, Ottoman Fiscal, 2. Constitutionalism
Açıklama
Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü, Maliye Ana Bilim Dalı
Anahtar Kelimeler
Maliye, Finance, Tarih
